IX231AD PROBABILITY 889

TEXERCISE 4
Multiple Choice lype Questions Each question carries
II. The number of equally likely event polnts contained in its
sample space of an unblased coin whích is tossed three tirmes
in succession, is
1mark 6 3 8
Choosethe correct option 12. The number of event points in the sample space of the
isthe sure event
random experiment of throwing n dice simultaneously, ís
1IfS then- n6
P(S)=0 6n n 67
B P(s) =1 wsh ei
0< P(S)<1 1<P(s) <2 13. If the probability of non-occurrence of an event is then the
A, B and
2.If thhe events C are mutually exclusive then odds against the event are
PIA UBUC) = 4:7 B 7:4 O 4:3 3:4
P(A + B+ C) 14. If the odds against an event are 4:5, then the probability of
P(A) + P(B) +P(C) P(ANBO C)b Occurrence of the event is -
4
P(A) + P(B) + P(C) - P(An B) P(B n C) 5
- P(CnA) + P(ABAC) 15. A number is chosen at random from the first 11 natural
P(A) + P(B) + P(C) numbers; then the probability that the chosen number is
2f the events A and B are not mutually exclusive then even, is
P(AUB) = A 6 5
P(A) + P(B) t e s® P(A) + P(B) + P(ANB) 6 11 11

P(A) + P(B) - P(ANB) O P(A) P(B) 16. An unbiased coin is tossed 3 times in succession; then the
probability of getting exactly one head is -
4 If the events A and B are mutually exclusive then 5 3
P(An B) = 0 P(AnB)= 1 8

© 0<PAN B) < 1 O 1< P(ANB) <2 17. twice

The probability
is
of getting 1l when an ordinary die is thrown
Ifthe events A, B and C are exhaustive then P(AUBU C) =
1 5
® 1 A
18 9 12 36
© greater than 1 D between 0 and 1
18. Two events A and B are mutually exclusive; if P(A) = and
L Two dice are rolled. The probability of getting a sum 7 is 2
5 7 8
36
6
36 36 P(AUB) = ,then the value of P(B) is
36
[Council Sample Question '13]
5
. For twos events A and B if P(AUB) = P(AnB) = 19. Three events A, B and are mutually exclusive and
P(A) = then P(An B) = exhaustive;if P(A)= and P(B) = 6 then the value of P(C)
is
3
8 12 23 7
[Council Sample Question '13] 30 30
If the events Aand B are equally likely, then P(A) =
20. If P(AN B)=then the value of P(ACU Be) is
O P(AU B) 13
P(B) B) 0
(® 6 7 8
.If he probability of occurrence of an event is
2,then the odds 13 13
13
ulavour of the events are
3:7 O3:4 D 4:3 Very Short Answer Type Questions Each question carries
LIf the odds in favour7:3
of an event are 7:3, then its probability
narks
of occurrence is
Define 'mutually exclusive' and
3
3 and give examples with the help 'mutually exhaustive' events
of a sample space.
7
 Chlaya
890 MATHEMATICS e XI

replacement (11) with replacement before the second

2. Describing a sarmple space, give examples of an elementary
event, a sure event and an impossible event.
Findthe sample spaces of the random experiments (1) and
(1), dravng,
15. Find the sample space of the random experimenttof
3. Write down the classical (or mathematical) definition of
probability. State its limitations.
an unbiased die until a 1turns up. throwin
An unbiased coin is tossed. If the outcome is a
What do you mean by "odds in favour of an event" and "odds
against an event" ?
16.
head,
unblased die is thrown. If the die shows an even face, the andie
is thrown again. Find the sample space associated with
5. Two events A and B are given, What concluslon can be random experiment.
made in each of the following cases : 17. Aball is drawn at random from an urn containing 1 white bal
(1) P(AU B) = P(A) +P(B) (1) P(ANB) =0 and 1 red ball. If the drawn ball is whíte, then it is replaced
in the urn and again a ball is drawn from the urn, Burt if
(ii1) P(A) = P(B) (iv) P(AUB) = 1 frst drawn ballis red, then a die is throwm. Find the sampe
(v) P(AnB) 0 (vi) P(A) # P(B) space asso ciated with this random experiment.
6. If A and B are the events complementary to the events A 18. In the random experiment of rolling an unbiased die, let A
be the event of getting a digit less than 4 and B be the event
and B respectively, prove that, P(A or B) = | - P(An B). of getting a digit greater than 3; show that the events A and
7. Let A, B, C be three arbitrary events. Find expressions B are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
for the following events using the usual set theoretic 19. In the random experiment of drawing a card from a
notations : well-shuffled pack of 52 cards, let A, B, C and D are the
(1) Ony A occurs events of drawing an ace, a spade, a heart and a diamond
respectively. Show that the events Aand B, C and A, A
(ü) Both A and B occur but not C
and D are not mutually exclusive while the event B and C.
(iüül) A the three events occur Cand D, Band D are mutually exclusive. Show also that
(iv) At least one event occurs the events A, B, C and D are not exhaustive.
(v) At least two events occur. 20. Let E denote the random experiment of rolling two unbiased
dice and A and B are two events connected with E. The
&. Let A,, A,, A be 3 events related to a random experiment.
event A occurs if the sum of the digits shown on the two dice
Under what conditions will the events be exhaustive and is 7 while the event B occurs if at least one of the dice shows
mutually exclusive?
up a 4. Show that the events A and B are neither mutualy
9. Show that the probability that exactly one of the events A and exclusive nor exhaustive.
Boccurs is P(A) + P(B) - 2 P(AB). 21. Describe the following events A, B and C in the random
10. Write down the sample space in each of the following experiment of tossing three unbiased coins :
random experiments: A: event of getting three tails
(1) Experiment of tossing an unbiased coin B:event of getting one head and
(ü) Experiment of tossing two balanced coins C:event of getting atmost one tail
(iii) Experiment of throwing a coin 3 times in succession Show that,
(iv) Experiment of rolling a balanced die () Ais an elementary event while B and C are compouna
(v) Experiment of throwing a die two tímes in succession events.
(vi) An urn contains 2 red and 3 white balls ; the () events A, B and C are mutually exclusive a
experiment of drawing two balls from the urn exhaustive events.
random
(vi) The experiment of tossing a coin until a tail appears. 22. Describe the following events A, B and C in the boys
2
11, Three children are selected at random from a group of3 boys experiment of selecting two children from a group of
and 2 girls. Write down the sample space of this random and 3 girls :
experiment. A :both selected children are girls
12. An unbaised coin is tossed. If the outcome of the random B:at least one boy is selected
experiment of tossing the coin is tail, we throw an unbiased C:selected children consists of one boy and oneexclusive?
gr
die. But if the coin shows a head, we draw a ball from a bag
contajning 2 white and 3 black balls. Write down the sample Which pair (or, pairs) of events is (are) mutually
Describe
space associated with this random experiment. 23. Three unbaised coins are tossed simultaneously.
exclusive;
13. An unbiased die is rolled. If it shows an odd face, then we toss (1) two events A and B which are mutually exclusive:
an unbiased coin once; if it shows an even face then the () two events E and F which are not mutu¡lly excusive
mutuallv
unbiased coin is tossed twice. Determine the sample space (1) three events A, B andC which are
associated with this random experiment. and exhaustive; exclusive
14. A bag contains l red ball and 3 indentical white balls, Two (lv) three events D, E and F which are mutually
balls are drawn in succession from the bag (1) without but not exhaustive.
 T3lHAMSE PROBABILITY 891
ACanthe followings represent measures of probability:
() P(A)= 0.2, P(B) =0.7, P(C) =0.1 For any two events A and B prove that :
() P(A) = 0.4, P(B)): = 0.6, P(C) =0.2 () P(A) > P(A B)>P(A) + P(B) -1
() P(AU B)= 0.5, P(B) =0.6, P(C) = 0.2 () P(A n B) < P(A) < P(AU B) < PA) + P(B)
(v) P(A)=0.4, P(B) = 0.5, P(BnC) = 0.1 3. Given P(A) =a,P(B) = band P(AnB) = c. Find the value
of each of the following expressions :
(-) P(A) = 0.32, P(B) = 0.47, P(BU C) = 0.68 at (1) P(A°UB) (1) P(ACUB)
(u) P(A) = 0.3, P.(B') = 0.5, P(C') = 0.8 (11) P(A°n BO).
where (AUBU C) represents sure event and A, B, C are 4. Two fair dice are cast. Describe the sample space associated
mutually exclusive.glovtet with t. Hence, find the probability of obtaining a total of 5
three mutually exclusive points on these dice.
15 For events X, Y and Z it is given 5. If four unbiased coins are tossed, find the probability that there
that P(X) = 2P(Y) = 3P(Z) and XU YU Z = S,
denotes sure event. Find the valueof
where S should be two tails.
P(X). O n
2 A number is chosen at random from the numbers 6. The distribution of weekly wages of 800 workers is given
O below :
1, 2, , 15 Find the probabilities that the chosen number
is (i) even (i) odd and (ii) multiple of 3. Wages Below 100- 150- 200- 250- 300 350 and
Erom a pack of 52 cards, 1 card is drawn at random. Find (Rs.) 100 149 199 249 299 349 above
he chance of drawing a spade and also of not drawing a bNo. of 32 114 190 230 146 64 24
workers
spade.
8 What is the probability of obtaining 7 points with the rolling A worker is selected at random. Find the probability that his
of two dice?
wage is (1) less than Rs. 200 (iü) more than Rs. 249 (iii) Rs.
2 What is the chance of picking a spade or an ace not of spade 100 and more but less than Rs. 300.
from a pack of 52 cards ? 7. If the letters of the word TOWEL are arranged at random with
Abox contains 50 articles of which 4 are defective. Find the norepetitions, what is the probability that there are exactly
probability that an article chosen at random from the box is two letters between O and E?
non-defective. Also find the odds in favour of the article being 8. Two balls are drawn at random from a bag containing 6 white
defective. and 4 black balls. Find the chance that one is white and the
31. Afair die is thrown. Write down the sample space. What is other is black.
the chance that either an odd number or a number greater 9. Three balls are drawn at random from a bag containing 8
than 4 will turn up ? black and 10 white balls. What is the chance that they are all
SL An unbiased coin is tossed two timnes. Write down the sample white ? Also, find the odds in favour of the event and against
the event.
space. Hence, find the probability of getting exactly one head.
S3. () Given that a family of two children has a boy ; what is 10, A box contains 10 balls of which 4 are black and 6 are
red.
the probability that the other also is a boy? Four balls are drawn at random. Find the probability of having
exactly two red balls.
(i) Itis known thata family has three children and at least
one of these three children is a girl. Find the probability 11, An urn contains 5 black, 6 red and 4 white balls. Five
balls
that all the three children are girls. are drawn at random from the urn. Find the
Aand B are two events, not mutually exclusive, connected exactly 2 of the drawn balls are black. probability that
2 12. 5 men in a company of 20 are graduates. If 3 men are
WMith a random 'experiment E. If P(A) = i P(B) =5 and out of the 20 at random, what is the picked
P(AU B) =2 ,find the values of the following probabilities : probability that
all graduates? What is the probability of at least one they are
graduate?
(0) P(An B) (ii) P(An B°)d 0 13. (1) In a single cast with 3 dice what is the
probability of
(ui) P(ACUB°) hot throwing 3 sixes?
where c stands for the complement. (i1) In a single cast with 3 dice, find the
coin is tossed n times. Find the probability of odd numbers different digits. chance of getting
of heads. [Councl Sample Question '13] (ii1) In a single cast with 3 dice, find the
. probability of
getting same digits in two dice and different digit in the
Eachquestioncarries other.
Short Answer Type Questions 4 marks 14. (1) What is the chance of
obtaining a sum of 8 in a single
cast with two dice ?
Ror any two events () Find the chance of
A and B prove that,
with two dice. throwing at least 8 in a single cast
(AUB) <PA)+ P(B).
 Chhaya
892 MATHEMATICS XI
15. In a lot of 25 articles, 5 are defective. Four articles are drawn 32. If P(A) = P(B)=, P(ANB) = ind the vahues
at random from the lot. Find the probability that exactly 2 of P(B),P(AN B),P(A UB),P(A°N B°), P(A URO
the drawn articles are defective. In this case, state whether the events are (0) mutually
16. If an unbiased coin is tossed 7 times, ind the probablity of exclusive (11) equally likely (11) exhaustive.
obtaining 4 Heads' and 3 "Tails',
17. Eight unbiased coins are tossed at a time. Show that the 33. Glven that P(E) =, P() = and P(ENF)=ind the
probability of obtaining 5 heads is exactly the same as the value of P(B°UF).
probablity of obtaining 3 heads. 34. The probability that a contractor will get a plumbing Contract
18. In a family there are 4 children. Find the probability that is
2 and the probability that he will not get an electric
() all of them will have different birthdays, (1) two of them 5
will have the same birthday (1 year = 365 days). contract is .If the probability of getting at least one contract
19. 5 students A, B, C, D and E occupy their seats at random is , what is the probability that he will get both the contract?
in a bench. Find the probability that the students A and B hee
are not consecutive. 35. A class consists of 30 boys and 20 girls of which half the
and half the girls have blue eyes. Find the probability thata
20. Five books on english and three books on mathematics are student chosen at random is a boy or has blue eyes.
placed at random on abookshelf. Find the probability that 36. From 200 tickets marked with the first 200 natural numbers
the books on mathematics are placed side by side.
one is drawn at random ; find the probability that it is muliole
21. An executive committee of 6 is formed from 4 ladies and 7 of 3 or 7.
gentiernen. Find the probability that the committee will 37. There are 52 cards with each of two boys. Each draws acard
consist of () exactly 2 lady members (ii) at least two lady
members.
on at random. What is the probability that (0) both the cards will
be king of diamonds (iü) both will be diamonds (iii) both will
2. Four cards are drawn at random from afull packet. Find the be kings?
probability that two of them will be spades.
38. If two numbers are selected at random from the numbers
23. A bag contains 10 rupee-coins, 7 fifty-paise coins and 4a 1, 2, 3, 4 determine the probability that their sum is odd
twenty five-paise coins. Find the probability of drawing (i) when they are selected together.
of
rupee-coin (ü) three rupee-coins and (iii) three coins, one
each type, in the random drawing of three coins from
the bag. 39, A packet of 10 electronic components is known to include 3
random will defectives. If 4 components are randomly ch0sen and tested,
24. What is the chance that a leap year selected at at swhat is the probability of finding among them not more than
contain 53 Mondays? Find also the probability of having 53 one defective ?
Mondays in a year, which is not a leap year.
scores are 40. A and B are two candidates seeking admission in Jont
25. Two fair dice are thrown simultaneously. The two ola Entrance. The probability that A is selected is 0.5 and the
the probability that the
then multiplied together. Calculate be probability that both A and B are selected is almost
0.3. 5
product is (i) 12 and (iü) even. it possible that the probability of B getting selected is 0.97
are placed at
26. Four one-rupee coins and three 50 paise coins the extreme Each
question
caries
random in a line. Prove that the probability of
coins being both 50 paise is . Long Answer Type Questions
are ordinary (not
27. A box contains 40 envelopes of which 25 while the number 1. State and prove the theorem of total probability.
meant for air mail) and 16 are unstamped,
10, What is the
of unstamped ordinary envelopes is stamped
2. State and prove the "addition theorem" of probability lOr
probability that an envelope chosen from the box 0s a mutually exclusive events. andB
air mail envelope? 3. (1) Showthat fortwo non-mutually eexclusiveevents/
women, 15 per cent
28. In a group consisting of 80 men and 30
unemployed. Find the P(AUB) = P(A)+P(B) P(AN B) .
men and 40 per cent women are
employed.
probability that a person selected at random is (11) For any three events A, B and C, prove tha
29. Five Commerce and four Science students are arranged at
probability so that the Commerce P(AUBU C) =P(A) +P(B) +IP(C) -P(AnD]
+PANBnC).
random in a row. Find the
and Science students are placed alternately. - P(BN C) -P(CnA) PB)and
4. Obtain P(A+ B), P(A+ B) in terms of P(A),theeventA.
30. Ten balls are distributed at random among three boxes. What to
is the probability that the first box will contain 3 balls
? P(AB), where Ais the event tcomplementary 6, 7,8,0
5,
31. If the numbers 1, 2, 3, **, n are arranged in a line at 5. Afive figure number is formed using the digitsbeing
divisibleby
random what is the probability that the numbers 1 and 2 without repetition. Find the probability ofit
t
will appear next to each other? (1) 4 and (l1) 5.
 1X23A43h PROBABILITY 893

probability that 2 of them will bear

&Ave different letters are put at random inside five addressed
envelopes. Find the random. What ls the
he correct envelopes.probability
of
putting exactly2 letters in at willbear any number
numbers from 1 to 40 and the other 2
If16 dates are named at random, what is the probability that from 41 to 100?
P(A)= 0.3, P(B) =0.4,
3 of
them will be Sundays ? 13. Events A, B, C are such that P(AN C) = 0.28 and
LA bag contains 50 tickets numbered 1, 2, 3, , 50, of P(AN B)
P(C) = 0.8, = 0.08,
C)>0.75, show that,
which 5 are drawn at random and P(ANBnC) = 0.09. If PAU BU
arranged in ascending 0.23 < P(BnC)<0,48.
order of their numbers x <Xn < g <* <Xg. What is the
probabilitythat x,=30 ? and exhaustive
14. A, B, C andD are four mutually exclusiveand
a line at events. If the odds against the events B, CD are 7:2,
4X and y stand in random with 10
What is the probability that there are 3 peopleother people. 7:5 and 13 :5 respectively, find the odds in favour
of the
and Y ? between X event A.
LTwelve disssimilar balls are distributed at random into five 15, Three unbiased dice are thrown at a time. What is
the
koves marked A, B, G, D, E.Find the probability that these probability that the number l appears at least once? Given
hoxes contain respectively 3, 4, 1, 4, 0 balls. that the number on the first die is 3, what is the probability
1 Four different objects 1, 2, 3, 4 are distributed at random that the sum of the numbers on the three dice is odd?
on four places marked 1, 2, 3, 4.What is the probability that 16. n biscuits are distributed at random among N different
none object occupies the places correspondingto its number ? beggars; what is the probability that a particular beggar gets
12,From 100 tickets numbered 1, 2, 3, ", 100, four are drawn exactly r biscuits?

ANSWERS 4
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
Multiple Choice Type
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
2. O 3. © 4. (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
6. 7. © 8. (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
10. 11. O 12. ©
B.O 14. 15. 16. O
(vi) {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5),
(3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 5) } where red balls are marked by
18. ) 19. 20.
1, 2 and white balls by 3, 4 and 5

Very Short Answer Type (vii) S={I, HT, HHT, HHHT, i.}

) and (i1) :events A and B are mutually exclusive

11. S= {B, B,B,, BB, G B,B, Gz BBGË BB,G2!
(i) events A and B are equally likely B,BG1 B, B G2 BG,Gg}
(V) events A and B are exhaustive 12. S = {(T, 1), (T, 2), (T, 3), (T, 4), (T, 5), (T, 6),
() events A andB are not mutually exclusive (H, W,), (H, W,), (H, B,), (H, B,), (H, B4)}
) events A and B are not equally likely
13, S = {(1, H), (3, H), (5, H), (1, T), (3, T), (5,
(u) An BOCC
(2, HH), (2, TH), (2, HT), (2,
T),
(u) AnBnC (iv) AUBUC TT), (4, HH),
(4, HT), (4, TH), (4, TT), (6,
(V) (AnB) U(B^ C)U(CnA) HH), (6, HT),
(6, TH), (6, TT)}
PA, UA, UA) =1 and 14, (1) S= {RW, WR, WVW} (1) S={RR, RW, WR, WW
PA,UA,U
) s=
A,) =P(A,) +-i P(A,) +P(A,) 15. S = {l, (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5,
1), (6, 1), (2, 2, 1),
{H, (2, 3, 1), (2, 4, 1), (2, 5, 1), (2,
u) S={HH,T}HT, TH, TT} (3, 3, 1), (3, 4, 1), **}
6, 1), (3, 2, 1),
() S= { HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, 16. S = {T, (H, 1), (H, 3), (H,
TTT} (H, 2, 3), (H, 2, 4), (H, 2,5),5), (H, 2, l), (H, 2, 2).
)
S=(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} (H, 4, 2), (H, 4, 3), (H, 4, 4) (H, 2, 6), (H, 4, 1),
(H, 4, 5), (H, 4, 6),
R) {(1, 1), (1, 2),, (1, 3), (1, 4), (1,5),5),(2,(1,6),6),
S = (H, 6, 1), (H, 6, 2), (H, 6,
(H, 6, 6) }: 3), (H, 6, 4), (H, 6, 5),
(2, 4), (2,
1 1), (2, 2), (2, 3),