Math 1A: Introduction to functions and calculus Oliver Knill, Spring 2024

5/8/2024: Final Exam Practice A

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Problem 1) TF questions (10 points) No justifications are needed.
y x)

1) e(x ) = e(y for all real numbers x, y.

T F

There was a time in you life when your age t ∈ R in units of years was
2) T F exactly your height h ∈ R in units in meters.

3) T F The function f (x) = sin(x)/x is called the entropy function.

Applying the Newton step with the function f (x) = x2 − 2 at the point
4) T F x = 1 gives T (x) = 1 + 1/2 = 3/2.

The family of functions fc (x) = c(x − 1)2 + 3 experiences a catastrophe at

5) T F c = 0.

6) T F If F (x) = x2 + 3x then f (x) = 2x + 3 is called marginal cost.

7) T F sin(3π/2) = −1.

The cotangent function is monotonically decreasing on the open interval

8) T F (π/4, π/2).

9) T F If F is a CDF, then F (0) = 0.

R∞
10) T F If f is a PDF, then −∞
x2 f (x) dx is called the variance of the distribution.
Problem 2) Algebra (10 points)

a) (5 points) Which of the following expressions are integers?

Expression Integer (give value) or not?

arccos(cos(2))
2)
eln(e

tan(arctan(tan(π/4)))
0)
e(e

ln(ln(e))

b) (5 points) Which of the following expressions are true for all x?

Expression True or False

cos2 (2x) + sin2 (2x) = 1

cos2 (2x) − sin2 (2x) = cos(2x)

ln(ln(x))
ee =x

sin(arcsin(x)) = x

tan(arctan(x)) = x
Problem 3) Functions (10 points)

Match the functions names with their graphs (1-4) their derivatives (A-D) (middle row)
and second derivatives (a-d) (last row).

Function fill in 1)-4) fill in A)-D) fill in a)-d)

sin(x)/x
tan(x)
− arcsin(x)
1/(1 + x2 )

1) 2) 3) 4)

A) B) C) D)

a) b) c) d)
Problem 4) Limits, Continuity (10 points)

a) (5 points) Which of the following limits exists in the limit x → 0.

Function exists does not exist

sin4 (x)/x4
arctan(x)/x
ln |x|/(x − 1)
cos(x)/(x − 1)
(x10 − 1)/(x − 1)

b) (5 points) Describe in terms of the concept of ”limit” what it means that a function
f (x)

is continuous at 1

is differentiable at 1

has a jump discontinuity at 1

Problem 5) Related Rates (10 points)

The coordinates of two cars on a freeway intersection are x = x(t) and y = y(t). We
know
x7 + y 7 − 2xy 2 = 0 .
Assume we know x′ (0) = 3 and x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1. Find the derivative y ′ (t).

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0

Problem 6) Integrals (10 points)

Find the anti-derivatives of the following functions:

1
a) (2 points) f (x) = x7 − x

1
b) (2 points) f (x) = x ln(x) + 1+x2
.

2x 1
c) (2 points) f (x) = x2 +1
+ x2 −4
.

√
d) (2 points) f (x) = 16 − x2 + √ 1 .
1−x2

1
e) (2 points) f (x) = ln(x) + x ln(x)
.
Problem 7) Extrema (10 points)

A trapezoid of height 2x, bottom length x and top length (4 − 2x2 ) has area

f (x) = x(x + (4 − 2x2 )) = 4x + x2 − 2x3 .

The figure below illustrates the situation for some x values.
a) (3 points) For which x does f have a local maximum? Use the second derivative
test to check.
b) (3 points) On which interval [a, b] does the problem make sense (height, lengths and
area can not be negative)? What are the function values on the boundary?

c) (2 points) There a theorem which assures that f (x) has a global maximum on that
interval [a, b]? What is the name of the theorem?
d) (2 points) What is the global minimum of f (x) on the interval of consideration?

x= 0.4 x= 0.7 x= 1 x= 1.3

Problem 8) Substitution (10 points)

a) (5 points) Z
cos(cos(cos(x))) sin(cos(x)) sin(x) dx .

b) (5 points) Z
2 ln(ln(ln(x)))
dx .
ln(ln(x)) ln(x)x
Problem 9) Integration by parts (10 points)

a) (5 points) Compute the following anti-derivative:

Z
(x − 2)4 ex/2 dx .

b) (5 points) And now have some fun riding the “merry go round” for the following
integral Z
ex sin(x) dx .
Problem 10) Fractions (10 points)

R6 4
a) Integrate the definite integral 5 (x−3)(x+1)
dx.

b) Integrate Z
1
dx .
(x + 8)(x + 4)(x + 2)
Problem 11) Applications I (10 points)

Rx
a) (2 points) Find the CDF 0
f (t) dt for the PDF which is f (x) = exp(−x/3)/3 for
x ≥ 0 and 0 for x < 0.

b) (2 points) Perform a single Newton step for the function f (x) = sin(x) starting at
x = π/3.

c) (2 points) Check whether the function f (x) = 1/(2x2 ) on the real line (−∞, ∞) is
a probability density function.

R 2π
d) (2 points) A rower produces the power P (t) is sin2 (10t). Find the energy 0
P (t) dt
when rowing starting at time t = 0 and ending at t = 2π.

e) (2 points) What is the frequency of the Midi number 10 if you recall the formula
f = 4402(s−69)/12 ?
Problem 12) Applications II (10 points)

Lets look at a least square problem. Given the data points (1, 2), (2, 3), (−3, −5), find
the line y = mx which best fits the data? You need to minimize
X
(mxk − yk )2
k

if (xk , yk ) stands for the data points. Use one of the derivative theorems to verify that
you got a minimum.
Problem 13) Definitions (10 points)

a) (2 points) What is the average rate of change of f (x) = sin(x) on the interval [0, π/2].

b) (2 points) Why is the sigmoid function called logistic function ?

c)
R ∞(2 points)2 If m is the mean of a probability distribution, then what is the name for
−∞
(x − m) f (x) dx.

d) (2 points) What do we call the points for which f (x) = 0?

e) (2 points) What do we call the points for which f ′ (x) = 0?

Problem 14) Theorems (10 points)
The statement is called the

A continuous function takes a maximum on [0, 1] .

sin(x)
limx→0 x
=1 .

f (x) f ′ (x)
limx→0 g(x)
= limx→0 g ′ (x)
.

Rx
0
f ′ (t) dt = f (x) − f (0) .

A wobbling table can be fixed by turning

Break-even points are minima of the average cost

If f (0) = f (1) = 5 there is 0 < x < 1 with f ′ (x) = 0

If f (0) = 5, f (1) = 8, there is 0 < x < 1 with f ′ (x) = 3

All functions can be approximated by neural nets

If f (0) = 4 and f (1) = −4, then there is 0 < x < 1 with f (x) = 0