BE Fifth Semester

Subject: Structural Analysis - II

Name of faculty: Rakesh Shambharkar, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering

Unit 1
Kani’s Method applied to symmetrical and unsymmetrical frames with sway (Up to single bay
Two storey)

Kani’s method-
This method was first developed by Prof. Gasper Kani of Germany in the year 1947. The method is
named after him. This is an indirect extension of slope deflection method. This is an efficient
method due to simplicity of moment distribution. The method offers an iterative scheme for
applying slope deflection method of structural analysis. Whereas the moment distribution method
reduces the number of linear simultaneous equations and such equations needed are equal to the
number of translator displacements, the number of equations needed is zero in case of the Kani’s
method.

This method may be considered as a further simplification of moment distribution method wherein
the problems involving sway were attempted in a tabular form thrice (for double story frames) and
two shear coefficients had to be determined which when inserted in end moments gave us the final
end moments. All this effort can be cut short very considerably by using this method.
→ Frame analysis is carried out by solving the slope−deflection equations by successive
approximations. Useful in case of side sway as well.
→ Operation is simple, as it is carried out in a specific direction. If some error is committed, it will
be eliminated in subsequent cycles if the restraining moments and distribution factors have been
determined correctly.
RULES FOR CALCULATING ROTATION CONTRIBUTIONS-
Case-1: Without side sway
Definition: “Restrained moment at a joint is the algebraic sum of FE.M’s of different members
meeting at that joint.”
 Sum of the restrained moment of a joint and all rotation contributions of the far ends of
members meeting at that joint is multiplied by respective rotation factors to get the required
near end rotation contribution. For the first cycle when far end contributions are not known,
they may be taken as zero (1st approximation).

2. By repeated application of this calculation procedure and proceeding from joint to joint in an
arbitrary sequence but in a specific direction, all rotation contributions are known. The process is
usually stopped when end moment values converge.

Case 2: With side sway (Joint translations)

In this case in addition to rotation contribution, linear displacement contributions (Sway
contributions) of columns of a particular storey are calculated after every cycle as follows: For the
first cycle,
(A) → Linear displacement contribution (LDC) = LDF of a particular column of a storey × of a
column (storey moment + contributions at the ends of columns of that storey)
Linear displacement factor (LDF) for columns of a storey = −3/2
Linear displacement factor of a column = −3/2(k/ Σk)
Where k =stiffness of the column being considered and
Σk = sum of stiffness of all columns of that storey

(B) →Storey moment =(Storey shear x storey height)/3

(C) → Storey shear: It is considered as reaction of column at horizontal beam / slab levels due to
lateral loads by considering the columns of each storey as simply supported beams in vertical
direction. “If applied load gives + R value (according to sign conversion of slope deflection
method), storey shear is +ve or vice versa.”

Consider a general sway case,

SIGN CONVENTION ON MOMENTS:

− Counter-clockwise moments are positive and Clockwise rotations are positive. For first cycle
with side sway,

(D) Near end contribution of various = Rotation contribution factor × members meeting at that joint
(Restrained moment + far end contributions)
Linear displacement contributions are calculated after the end of each cycle for the columns
only.
For second and subsequent cycles,

(E) → Near end contributions of various = Rotation contribution factor × members meeting at a
joint (Restrained moment + far end contributions+ Linear displacement contribution of columns of
different storey’s meeting at that joint)
Rules for the Calculation of final end moments (side sway cases)
(F) →For beams, End moment = FEM + 2 near end contribution + Far end contributions
(G) →For columns, End moment = FEM + 2 near end contribution + Far end contribution + linear
displacement contribution of that column for the last cycle

Advantages of Kani’s method:

- All the computations are carried out in a single line diagram of the structure.
- The effects of joint rotations and sway are considered in each cycle of iteration. Henceforth,
no need to derive and solve the simultaneous equations. This method thus becomes very
effective and easy to use especially in case of multistory building frames.
- The method is self correcting, that is, the error, if any, in a cycle is corrected automatically
in the subsequent cycles. The checking is easier as only the last cycle is required to be
checked.
- The convergence is generally fast. It leads to the solutions in just a few cycles of iterations.
- The method is very effective in analyzing any framed structure under vertical loadings. This
work is focused to check its applicability and efficacy under the lateral loading conditions

Objectives
- To manually analyze the problem frame, using Kani’s method under both vertical and lateral
loading conditions.
- To perform the same analysis using standard analysis software Staad.Pro
- Perform substitute frame analysis for both the loading cases
- Compare the accuracy of the substitute frame analysis with manual and Staad.Pro analysis
and check its validity in lateral loading cases.
- Optimize the substitute frame method to further lessen the calculations so as to get the final
results within permissible limit of errors.
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
- A 4-storey-4-bay unsymmetrical frame structure was set as a problem frame.
- Kani’s analysis was performed for vertical loading conditions.
- Staad Pro. analysis was performed to verify the Kani’s analysis.
- Same problem frame was analyzed using substitute frame method for vertical loads.
- Approximate substitute frame analysis results were then compared with those found by the
accurate Kani’s analysis and corresponding percentage deviations were determined.
- Again Kani’s analysis was performed for lateral loading conditions; only for the wind loads
no seismic forces were considered.
- Substitute frame analysis was performed using some assumptions, then again the results
were compared with the Kani’s analysis.
Analyse the continuous beam ABCD shown in fig. 1 and plot BMD using Kani’s Method. EI is
constant.

20k 9kN/m 6.5kN/

A N 8kN 5kN/m m
m D
E
1.5 2m B 4.5 C 4 3
m m m m
STEP-1 Fixed End Moment
−Wab 2 −20×1 .5×22 Wba 2 20×2×1. 52
M FAB1 = = =-9. 80 kN . m M FBA1= = =7 . 35 kN . m
L2 3 .5 2 L2 3 .5 2
Mb ( 2 a−b ) 5×2×( 2×1. 5−2 )
M FAB2 = = =0. 82 kN . m
L2 3 . 52
Ma ( 2 b−a ) 5×1 . 5×( 2×2−1 .5 )
M FBA2= = =1 . 53 kN . m
L2 3. 52
M FAB=M FAB1 +M FAB2=-9. 80+0 .82=-8. 98 kN .m
M FBA =M FBA1 +M FBA2=7 . 35+1 .53=8 . 88 kN. m

−WL 2 −5×4 .52 WL 2 5×4 . 52

M FBC = = =−8 . 44 kN. m M FCB = = =8 . 44 kN. m
12 12 12 12
−5 wL2 −5×9×4 2 5 wL 2 5×9×4 2
M FCD= = =−7 . 5 kN. m M FCD= = =7 . 5 kN . m
96 96 96 96
1 2
M FDE =− ×3×6 . 5× ×3=−19. 5 kN . m
2 3
STEP-2 Rotation Factor
Sr. No Join Member Relative Stiffness Summation of Rotation Factor
t Relative Stiffness 1 k
U =−
2 ∑k
4EI 4E ( I ) 8 EI −
9
BA k= = =
L 3 .5 7 128EI 32
1 B
4EI 4E ( I ) 8 EI 63 7
BC k= = = −
L 4.5 9 32
4EI 4E ( I ) 8 EI −
16
CB k= = =
L 4.5 9 59EI 59
2 C
3 4EI 3 4EI 3EI 36 27
CD k= = = −
4 L 4 4 4 118
STEP-3 Applying Kanis Method

A B C D

-9/32 -7/32 -16/59 -27/118

-8.98 8.88 -8.44 8.44 -7.5 7.5 -19.5

Correction at joint D due to overhang moment DE

Correcting the end D with correcting moment MDC = 19.5 kNm
Balancing moment at D for the span DC MDC = 7.5 + 12 = 19.5 kNm
Carry over moment at C for the span CD MCD = 12/2 = 6 kNm
A B C D
-1.5 19.5 -19.5
-9/32 0.4 -7/32 -16/59 6.94 -27/118 6 12
4
-8.98 8.88 -8.44 8.44 -7.5 7.5 -19.5

Iteration 1
Rotation Contribution
Joint B
Sum of the fixed end Moments = 8.88 – 8.44 = 0.44 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint A =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint C =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)
Sum of all the moments = 0.44 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BA = M’BA =
9
=RF×(Sum of all the moment )=− (0 . 44 )=−0 . 12 kNm
32
BC =
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’
7
=RF×(Sum of all the moment )=− (0 . 44 )=−0 . 10 kNm
32
Joint C
Sum of the fixed end Moments = 8.44 – 7.5 + 6 = 6.94 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint B = - 0.10
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint D =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)
Sum of all the moments = 6.84 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CB = M’CB =
16
=RF×(Sum of all the moment )=− (6 . 84 )=−1 . 86 kNm
59
tation contribution at member CD = M’CD =
Ro
27
=RF×(Sum of all the moment )=− (6 . 84 )=−1 . 57 kNm
118
A B C D
 -1.5 19.5 -19.5
-9/32 0.4 -7/32 -16/59 6.94 -27/118 6 12
4
-8.98 8.88 -8.44 8.44 -7.5 7.5 -19.5
-0.12 -0.10 -1.86 -1.57

Iteration 2
Rotation Contribution
Joint B
Sum of the fixed end Moments = 0.44 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint A =0 (for fixed end support)
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint C = -1.86
Sum of all the moments = -1.42 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BA = M’BA =
9
=RF×(Sum of all the moment )=− ×(−1 . 42 )=0 . 4 kNm
32
BC =
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’
7
=RF×(Sum of all the moment )=− ×(−1 . 42 )=0 . 31 kNm
32
Joint C
Sum of the fixed end Moments = 6.94 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint B = 0.31kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint D =0
Sum of all the moments = 7.25 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CB = M’CB =
16
=RF×(Sum of all the moment )=− × (7 . 25 ) =−1. 97 kNm
59
tation contribution at member CD = M’CD =
Ro
27
=RF×(Sum of all the moment )=− ×( 7 .25 )=−1 .66 kNm
118
Repeat the iteration up to the saturation value. After getting repeated value stop the
iteration. As shown in following table.
A B C D
-1.5 19.5 -19.5
-9/32 0.4 -7/32 -16/59 6.94 -27/118 6 12
4
-8.98 8.88 -8.44 8.44 -7.5 7.5 -19.5
-0.12 -0.10 -1.86 -1.57
0.40 0.31 -1.97 -1.66
0.43 0.33 -1.97 -1.66
0.43 0.33 -1.97 -1.66
After completion of iteration calculate final moment as shown below.
MAB = MFBA + 2 x M’BA +M’AB = -8.98 + 2 x 0 + (-0.43) = - 9.41kNm
MBA = MFBA + 2 x M’BA +M’AB = 8.88 + 2 x (0.43) + (0) = 9.74 kNm
MBC = MFBC + 2 x M’BC +M’CB = -8.44 + 2 x (0.33) + (-1.97) = - 9.75 kNm
MCB = MFCB + 2 x M’CB +M’BC = 8.44 + 2 x (-1.97) + (0.33) = 4.83 kNm
MCD = MFCD + 2 x M’CD +M’DC = -1.5 + 2 x (-1.667) + (0) = - 4.84 kNm
MDC = 19.5 kNm
MDE = - 19.5 kNm

20kN 9kN/m 6.5kN/m

A 8kNm 5kN/m
D
E
1.5m 2m B 4.5m C 4m 3m

Free Body Diagram

9.41kNm
9.75kNm 4.83kNm 19.5kNm
A E
B C D

9.75kNm 4.83kNm 19.5kNm

A E
9.41kNm B C D
In determinant Moment

20kNm 3.75kNm
15kNm 12.66kNm 12kNm
A E
B C D
Determinant Moment

15kNm 20kNm 3.75kNm

12.66kNm 12kNm
A E
B C D
Example:-1

1. Analyze the frame shown in fig. (1) Using Kani’s Method and draw B. M. D.

Solution:-
STEP-1 Fixed End Moment
M FAB=M FBA=M FCD=M FDC=0
WL 2 20×4 2 80
M FBC =− =− =− =−26 .67 kNm
12 12 3
2 2
WL 20×4 80
M FCB = = = =26 . 67 kNm
12 12 3

STEP-2 Rotation Factor

Sr. Joint Member Relative Stiffness Summation Distribution Rotation
No K of Relative Factor = Factor =
Stiffness K −1 K
∑K 2 ∑K
4EI 4E ( I ) 2 −0 . 2
BA k= = =EI
L 4 5EI 5
1 B
4EI 4E ( 1 .5I ) 3EI 2 3 −0 . 3
BC k= = =
L 4 2 5
3 4E ( I ) 3 4E ( 2I ) 3EI −0 . 25
CD k= = = 0.5
4 L 4 4 2
2 C 3EI
4EI 4E ( 1 .5I ) 3EI −0 . 25
CB k= = = 0.5
L 4 2
STEP-3 Displacement Factor
Sr. Vertical Le hr hr K Ck α αC 2 k DF=
No Membe 3 Ck
r C= Le −
2 ∑ αC 2 k
6 3 EI 9EI 2
BA 4 = =1 . 5 1.5EI 1
− =−0 . 67
4 2 4 3
1 1.5 6 3EI 3 9EI 2
6 − =−0 . 67
CD x4 =1 2 1.5EI 4 8 3
=6 6
 27
∑ αC 2 k = 8
Le = Corrected Length hr = Height of Storey
C = Coefficient of displacement contribution = Support Constant
STEP-3 Displacement Factor: - For Hinged column Le = 1.5 L.
Consider Hinge column height as a reference height.
Vertical hr 3 mCk
Membe Le hr m K mCK m2C2K ∑ m2 C 2 K −
L 2 ∑ m 2 C2 k
r C= e DF=
6 I I 3I 9I
BA 4 =1. 5 =
1 4 L 4 8 16 -0.6
15 I
1.5 x
6 16
6 I 2 I I 3I 3I
CD =1 = =
4= 0.75 6 L 4 2 8 8 -0.6

6
Storey Shear: - Q = 15kN
Storey Moment: -

S . M .=
∑ Qhr = hr ∑ Q = 6×( 15 ) =30 kNm
3 3 3

RF MFBC MFCB RF
-26.67 -0.3 -26.67 26.67 -0.25 26.67
RF -0.2 8 -8.67 -0.25 RF
MFBA 0 15.96 -6.19 0 MFCD
Itr1 5.33 16.78 -5.09 -8.67
10.64 16.79 -4.82 -6.19
11.19 16.76 SM -4.77 -5.09
11.19 16.75 30 -4.76 -4.82
11.17 -0.67 16.75 -4.76 -0.67 -4.77
11.17 -17.86 -17.86 -4.76
11.17 -23.08 -23.08 -4.76
-24.19 -24.19
-24.37 -24.37
-24.39 -24.39
-24.40 -24.40
-24.40 -24.40

Repeat the iteration up to the saturation value. After getting repeated value stop the iteration.
After completion of iteration calculate final moment as shown below.
MAB = MFAB + 2 x M’AB +M’BA + M”AB = 0 +2 x 0 + 11.17 + (-24.40) = -13.23 kNm
MBA = MFBA + 2 x M’BA +M’AB + M”AB = 0 +2 x 11.17 + 0 + (-24.40) = -2.06 kNm
MBC = MFBC + 2 x M’BC +M’CB = -26.67+ 2 x 16.75 – 4.76 = 2.07 kNm
MCB = MFCB + 2 x M’CB +M’BC = 26.67 + 2 x (-4.76) +16.75 = 33.9 kNm
MCD = MFCD + 2 x M’CD +M’DC + M”CD = 0 + 2 x (-4.76) + 0 + (-24.40) = -33.92kNm
MDC = 0
RF MFBC MFCB RF
-26.67 -0.3 -26.67 26.67 -0.25 26.67
RF -0.2 8 -8.67 -0.25 RF
MFBA 0 15.96 -6.19 0 MFCD
Itr1 5.33 16.78 -5.09 -8.67
10.64 16.79 -4.82 -6.19
11.19 16.76 SM -4.77 -5.09
11.19 16.75 30 -4.76 -4.82
11.17 -0.6 16.75 -4.76 -0.67 -4.77
11.17 -17.86 -17.86 -4.76
11.17 -23.08 -23.08 -4.76
-24.19 -24.19
-24.37 -24.37
-24.39 -24.39
-24.40 -24.40
-24.40 -24.40

RF MFBC MFCB RF
-26.67 -0.3 -26.67 26.67 -0.25 26.67
RF -0.2 8.00 -8.67 -0.25 RF
MFBA 0 15.79 -6.29 0 MFCD
Itr1 5.33 SM=30 16.34 -5.38 SM=30 -8.67
10.53 (DF)AB= 16.25 -5.20 (DF)CD = -6.29
-0.6 -0.6
10.89 C=1 16.21 -5.18 C = 0.75 -5.38
10.83 -17.30 -17.30 -5.20
10.81 -21.49 -21.49 -5.18
-22.11 -22.11
-22.16 -22.16
-22.16 -22.16
0 MFAB MDC 0

After completion of iteration calculate final moment as shown below.

MAB = MFAB + 2 x M’AB +M’BA + M”AB = 0 +2 x 0 + 10.81+ (-22.16) = -11.35 kNm
MBA = MFBA + 2 x M’BA +M’AB + M”AB = 0 +2 x 10.81 + 0 + (-22.16) = -0.54 kNm)
MBC = MFBC + 2 x M’BC +M’CB = -26.67+ 2 x 16.21 – 5.18 = -0.57 kNm)
MCB = MFCB + 2 x M’CB +M’BC = 26.67 + 2 x (-5.18) + 16.21 = 32.52 kNm)
MCD = MFCD + 2 x M’CD +M’DC + M”CD = 0 + 2 x (-5.18) + 0 + (-22.16) = -32.52 kNm
MDC = 0
Example 2-
Analyze the frame loaded as shown below by Kani's method and sketch the bending moment
diagram.

Answer:-
STEP-1 Fixed End Moment
M FAB=M FBA=M FCD=M FDC=M FBC=M FCB =0
STEP-2 Rotation Factor
Sr. Joint Member Relative Stiffness Summation Distribution Rotation
No K of Relative Factor Factor
Stiffness
3 4EI 3 4EI 5 5
BA k= = =EI −
4 L 4 3 11EI 11 22
1 B
4EI 4E ( 3I ) 6EI 5 6 6
BC k= = = −
L 10 5 11 22
4EI 4E ( 3I ) 6EI 1 1
CB k= = = −
L 10 5 12EI 2 4
2 C
4EI 4E ( 1 .5I ) 6EI 5 1 1
CD k= = = −
L 5 5 2 4
STEP-3 Displacement Factor
Sr. Vertical Relative Stiffness Summation Distribution Displacement
No Member K of Relative Factor Factor
Stiffness
3 4EI 3 4EI 5 15
AB k= = =EI −
4 L 4 3 11EI 11 22
1
4EI 4E ( 1 .5I ) 6EI 5 6 9
CD k= = = −
L 5 5 11 11
Storey Shear
Q = 50kN
Storey Moment

S . M .=
∑ Qhr =50×3 =50
3 3
Resultant Restrained Moment =
MB = 0 and MC = 0

Iteration 1
Rotation Contribution
Joint B
Sum of the fixed end Moments =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint A =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint C =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)
Displacement Contribution from BC =0
Displacement Contribution from BA =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)

Sum of all the moments =0

5 5
−
(Sum of all the moment )=− (0)=0
Rotation contribution at member BA = M’BA = 22 22
6 6
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (0)=0
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’BA = 22 22

Joint C
Sum of the fixed end Moments =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint B =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint D =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)
Displacement Contribution from CB =0
Displacement Contribution from CD =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)

Sum of all the moments =0

1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (0)=0
Rotation contribution at member CB = M’CB = 4 4
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (0)=0
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’CD = 4 4
Displacement Contribution
Storey Sway Moment = 50 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column AB = 0
Rotation Contribution at top of column DC = 0

Sum of all the moments = 50

15 15
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (50)=−34 . 091 kNm
Displacement contribution at member BA=M”BA= 22 22
 9 9
− (Sum of all the moment)=− (50 )=−40. 909 kNm
Displacement contribution at member CD=M”CD= 11 11

Iteration 2
Rotation Contribution
Joint B
Sum of the fixed end Moments =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint A = 0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint C = 0
Displacement Contribution from BC =0
Displacement Contribution from BA = -34.091
Sum of all the moments = -34.091
5 5
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−34 . 091 )=7 . 748 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BA = M’BA = 22 22
6 6
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−34 . 091 )=9 . 298 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’BC= 22 22

Joint C
Sum of the fixed end Moments =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint B = 9.298 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint D = 0
Displacement Contribution from CB =0
Displacement Contribution from CD =-40.909
Sum of all the moments = -31.611 kNm
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−31 . 611)=7 . 903 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CB = M’CB = 4 4
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−31 . 611)=7 . 903 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CD = M’CD = 4 4
Displacement Contribution
Storey Sway Moment = 50 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column AB = 7.748 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column DC = 7.903 kNm

Sum of all the moments = 65.651kNm

15 15
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (65 .651 )=−44 .762 kNm
Displacement contribution at member BA=M”BA= 22 22
9 9
− (Sum of all the moment)=− (65 . 651)=−53. 715 kNm
Displacement contribution at member CD=M”CD= 11 11
Iteration 3
Rotation Contribution
Joint B
Sum of the fixed end Moments =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint A = 0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint C = 7.903 kNm
Displacement Contribution from BC =0
Displacement Contribution from BA = -44.762 kNm
Sum of all the moments = -36.859 kNm
5 5
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−36 . 859 )=8 . 377 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BA = M’BA = 22 22
6 6
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−36 . 859 )=10 .053 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’BC= 22 22

Joint C
Sum of the fixed end Moments =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint B = 7.748 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint D = 0
Displacement Contribution from CB =0
Displacement Contribution from CD =-53.715 kNm
Sum of all the moments = -45.967 kNm
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−45 .967 )=11. 492 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CB = M’CB = 4 4
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−45 .967 )=11. 492 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CD = M’CD = 4 4
Displacement Contribution
Storey Sway Moment = 50 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column AB = 7.748 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column DC = 7.903 kNm

Sum of all the moments = 65.651kNm

15 15
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (65 .651 )=−44 .762 kNm
Displacement contribution at member BA=M”BA= 22 22
 9 9
− (Sum of all the moment)=− (65 . 651)=−53. 715 kNm
Displacement contribution at member CD=M”CD= 11 11

Repeat the iteration up to the saturation value. After getting repeated value stop the iteration.

After completion of iteration calculate final moment as shown below.

MAB = 0
MBA = MFBA + 2 x M’BA +M’AB + M”AB = 0 +2 x 8.158 + 0 + (-47.751) = -31.435 kNm
MBC = MFBC + 2 x M’BC +M’CB = 0 + 2 x 9.790 + 11.878 = 31.458 kNm
MCB = MFCB + 2 x M’CB +M’BC = 0 + 2 x 11.878 + 9.790 = 33.546 kNm
MCD = MFCD + 2 x M’CD +M’DC + M”CD = 0 + 2 x 11.878 + 0 +(-57.302) = -33.546 kNm
MDC = MFDC + 2 x M’DC +M’CD + M”CD = 0 + 2 x 0 + 11.878 +(-57.302) = -45.424 kNm

Example:-2

Analyze the frame loaded as shown below by Kani's method and sketch the bending moment
diagram.

Answer:-
STEP-1 Fixed End Moment
M FAB=M FBA=M FCD=M FDC=M FBC=M FCB =0
STEP-2 Rotation Factor
Sr. Joint Member Relative Stiffness Summation Distribution Rotation
No K of Relative Factor Factor
Stiffness
3 4EI 3 4EI 5 5
BA k= = =EI −
4 L 4 3 11EI 11 22
1 B
4EI 4E ( 3I ) 6EI 5 6 6
BC k= = = −
L 10 5 11 22
4EI 4E ( 3I ) 6EI 1 1
CB k= = = −
L 10 5 12EI 2 4
2 C
4EI 4E ( 1 .5I ) 6EI 5 1 1
CD k= = = −
L 5 5 2 4
STEP-3 Displacement Factor
Store Vert. LC
y Mem.
hr h
C= r
LC
k=
4EI
L
CK α
αC 2 k ∑ αC 2 k Displacement
Factor =
3 Ck
−
2 ∑ αC 2 k
 10EI 287EI 225
− =−0 . 784
1.5x3 5 10/9 3 4EI 9 0.75 25EI 135 287
AB =EI
4 3 27
= 4.5
1
6EI 1 243
− =−0 . 847
1x5 1 6EI 5 6EI 287
CD
5 5
=5

LC = Corrected Length
For Fixed Support = LC = 1 x L = 1 x 5 = 5 m
For Hinged Support = LC = 1.5 x L = 1.5 x 3 = 4.5 m
α=Support Constant
For Fixed Support = α =1
For Hinged Support = α =. 75
Storey Sway Moment

Storey Moment =
∑ Qh r
3
Q = 50kN
Storey Moment

S . M .=
∑ Qhr =50×5 =250 =83 . 33 kNm
3 3 3
Resultant Restrained Moment =
MB = 0 and MC = 0
Iteration 1
Rotation Contribution
Joint B
Sum of the fixed end Moments =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint A =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint C =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)
Displacement Contribution from BC =0
Displacement Contribution from BA =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)

Sum of all the moments =0

5 5
−
(Sum of all the moment )=− (0)=0
Rotation contribution at member BA = M’BA = 22 22
6 6
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (0)=0
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’BA = 22 22
Joint C
Sum of the fixed end Moments =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint B =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint D =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)
Displacement Contribution from CB =0
Displacement Contribution from CD =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)
Sum of all the moments =0
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (0)=0
Rotation contribution at member CB = M’CB = 4 4
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (0)=0
Rotation contribution at member CD = M’CD = 4 4
Displacement Contribution
250
Storey Sway Moment = 3 = 83.33kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column AB = 0
Rotation Contribution at top of column DC = 0
Sum of all the moments = 83.33 kNm
225 225
− (Sum of all the moment)=− (83 . 33 )=−65 .331 kNm
Displacement contribution at member BA=M”BA= 287 287
243
− (83 .33 )=−70 . 557 kNm
Displacement contribution at member CD=M”CD= 287
Iteration 2
Rotation Contribution
Joint B
Sum of the fixed end Moments =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint A = 0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint C = 0
Displacement Contribution from BC =0
Displacement Contribution from BA = -65.331
Sum of all the moments = -65.331
5
− (−65 . 331)=14 . 847 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BA = M’BA = 22
6
− (−65 . 331)=17 . 818 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’BC= 22

Joint C
Sum of the fixed end Moments =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint B = 17.818 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint D = 0
Displacement Contribution from CB =0
Displacement Contribution from CD =-70.557
Sum of all the moments = -52.739 kNm
1
− (−52 .739 )=13 .185 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CB = M’CB = 4
1
− (−52 .739 )=13 .185 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CD = M’CD = 4
Displacement Contribution
250
Storey Sway Moment = 3 = 83.33kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column AB = 14.847 x 1.5 = kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column DC = 7.903 kNm

Sum of all the moments = 65.651kNm

15 15
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (65 .651 )=−44 .762 kNm
Displacement contribution at member BA=M”BA= 22 22
9 9
− (Sum of all the moment)=− (65 . 651)=−53. 715 kNm
Displacement contribution at member CD=M”CD= 11 11

Iteration 3
Rotation Contribution
Joint B
Sum of the fixed end Moments =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint A = 0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint C = 7.903 kNm
Displacement Contribution from BC =0
Displacement Contribution from BA = -44.762 kNm
Sum of all the moments = -36.859 kNm
5 5
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−36 . 859 )=8 . 377 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BA = M’BA = 22 22
6 6
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−36 . 859 )=10 .053 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’BC= 22 22

Joint C
Sum of the fixed end Moments =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint B = 7.748 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint D = 0
Displacement Contribution from CB =0
Displacement Contribution from CD =-53.715 kNm
Sum of all the moments = -45.967 kNm
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−45 .967 )=11. 492 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CB = M’CB = 4 4
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−45 .967 )=11. 492 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CD = M’CD = 4 4
Displacement Contribution
Storey Sway Moment = 50 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column AB = 7.748 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column DC = 7.903 kNm

Sum of all the moments = 65.651kNm

15 15
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (65 .651 )=−44 .762 kNm
Displacement contribution at member BA=M”BA= 22 22
9 9
− (Sum of all the moment)=− (65 . 651)=−53. 715 kNm
Displacement contribution at member CD=M”CD= 11 11

Repeat the iteration up to the saturation value. After getting repeated value stop the iteration.

After completion of iteration calculate final moment as shown below.

MAB = 0
MBA = MFBA + 2 x M’BA +M’AB + M”AB = 0 +2 x 8.158 + 0 + (-47.751) = -31.435 kNm
MBC = MFBC + 2 x M’BC +M’CB = 0 + 2 x 9.790 + 11.878 = 31.458 kNm
MCB = MFCB + 2 x M’CB +M’BC = 0 + 2 x 11.878 + 9.790 = 33.546 kNm
MCD = MFCD + 2 x M’CD +M’DC + M”CD = 0 + 2 x 11.878 + 0 +(-57.302) = -33.546 kNm
MDC = MFDC + 2 x M’DC +M’CD + M”CD = 0 + 2 x 0 + 11.878 +(-57.302) = -45.424 kNm

Example:-2

Analyze the frame loaded as shown below by Kani's method and sketch the bending moment
diagram.

Answer:-
STEP-1 Fixed End Moment
M FAB=M FBA=M FCD=M FDC=0
WL 2 10×102 125
M FBC = = 2 = =6 . 944 kN .m
12 12 18
WL 2 10×102 125
M FBC = = 2 = =6 . 944 kN .m
12 12 18
STEP-2 Rotation Factor
Sr. Joint Member Relative Stiffness Summation Distribution Rotation
No K of Relative Factor Factor
Stiffness
3 4EI 3 4EI 5 5
BA k= = =EI −
4 L 4 3 11EI 11 22
1 B
4EI 4E ( 3I ) 6EI 5 6 6
BC k= = = −
L 10 5 11 22
4EI 4E ( 3I ) 6EI 1 1
2 C CB k= = = −
L 10 5 12EI 2 4
4EI 4E ( 1 .5I ) 6EI 5 1 1
CD k= = = −
L 5 5 2 4

STEP-2 Rotation Factor

Sr. Vertical Relative Stiffness Summation Distribution Displacement
No Member K of Relative Factor Factor
Stiffness
3 4EI 3 4EI 5 15
AB k= = =EI −
4 L 4 3 11EI 11 22
1
4EI 4E ( 1 .5I ) 6EI 5 6 9
CD k= = = −
L 5 5 11 11
Storey Shear

Q = 50kN

Storey Moment

S . M .=
∑ Qhr =50×5
3 3
Example:-4

Analyze the frame loaded as shown below by Kani's method and sketch the bending moment
diagram.

Answer:-
STEP-1 Fixed End Moment
M FAB=M FBA=M FCD=M FDC=0
Wab 2 Wba 2
M FBC =− =−187 .5 kNm M FCB = =112.5 kNm
L2 L2
STEP-2 Rotation Factor
Sr. Joint Member Relative Stiffness Summation Distribution Rotation
No K of Relative Factor Factor
Stiffness
1 B BA 4EI 4EI 2 EI 1 1
= =EI −
L 4 2 4
 4EI 4E ( 2I ) 1 1
BC = =EI −
L 8 2 4
4EI 4E ( 2I ) 1 1
CB = =EI −
L 8
2 EI
2 4
2 C
4EI 4EI 1 1
CD = =EI −
L 4 2 4
STEP-3 Displacement Factor
Sr. Vertical Relative Stiffness Summation Distribution Displacement
No Member K of Relative Factor Factor
Stiffness
4EI 4EI 1 3
AB = =EI −
L 4 2 4
1 2 EI
4EI 4EI 1 3
CD = =EI −
L 4 2 4
Storey Shear
Q =0kN
Storey Moment

S . M .=
∑ Qhr = 0×4 =0
3 3
Resultant Restrained Moment =
MB = 0 and MC = 0

Iteration 1
Rotation Contribution
Joint B
Sum of the fixed end Moments = -187.5
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint A =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint C =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)
Displacement Contribution from BC =0
Displacement Contribution from BA =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)

Sum of all the moments = -187.5

1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−187 . 5)=46 . 875 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BA = M’BA = 4 4
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−187 . 5)=46 . 875 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’BA = 4 4
Joint C
Sum of the fixed end Moments = 112.5 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint B = 46.875 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint D = 0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)
Displacement Contribution from CB =0
Displacement Contribution from CD =0 (for 1st iteration it is assumed)
Sum of all the moments = 159.375 kNm
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (159. 375 )=−39 . 843 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CB = M’CB = 4 4
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (159. 375 )=−39 . 843 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’CD = 4 4
Displacement Contribution
Storey Sway Moment = 0 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column AB = 46.875 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column DC = -39.843 kNm

Sum of all the moments =7.032 kNm

3 3
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (7. 032 )=−5 . 274 kNm
Displacement contribution at member BA=M”BA= 4 4
3 3
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (7. 032 )=−5 . 274 kNm
Displacement contribution at member CD=M”CD= 4 4

Iteration 2
Rotation Contribution
Joint B
Sum of the fixed end Moments = -187.5 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint A =0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint C = -39.843 kNm
Displacement Contribution from BC =0
Displacement Contribution from BA = -5.274 kNm
Sum of all the moments = -232.617 kNm
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−232 . 617)=58 .154 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BA = M’BA = 4 4
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−232 . 617)=58 .154 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’BA = 4 4
Joint C
Sum of the fixed end Moments = 112.5 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint B = 58.154 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint D = 0
Displacement Contribution from CB =0
Displacement Contribution from CD = -5.274 kNm
Sum of all the moments = 165.38 kNm
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (165. 38 )=−41 . 345 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CB = M’CB = 4 4
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (165. 38 )=−41 . 345 kNm
R otation contribution at member BC = M’CD = 4 4
Displacement Contribution
Storey Sway Moment = 0 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column AB = 58.154 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column DC = -41.345 kNm

Sum of all the moments = 16.809 kNm

3 3
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (16. 809 )=−12 . 606 kNm
Displacement contribution at member BA=M”BA= 4 4
3 3
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (16. 809 )=−12 . 606 kNm
Displacement contribution at member CD=M”CD= 4 4
Iteration 3
Rotation Contribution
Joint B
Sum of the fixed end Moments = -187.5
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint A = 0
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint C = -41.345 kNm
Displacement Contribution from BC =0
Displacement Contribution from BA = -12.606 kNm
Sum of all the moments = -241.451 kNm
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−241 . 451)=60 .363 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BA = M’BA = 4 4
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (−241 . 451)=60 .363 kNm
Rotation contribution at member BC = M’BC= 4 4
Joint C
Sum of the fixed end Moments = 112.5 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint B = 60.363 kNm
Far end Rotation Contribution from joint D = 0
Displacement Contribution from CB =0
Displacement Contribution from CD =-12.606 kNm
Sum of all the moments = 160.257 kNm
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (160. 257 )=−40. 064 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CB = M’CB = 4 4
1 1
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (160. 257 )=−40. 064 kNm
Rotation contribution at member CD = M’CD = 4 4
Displacement Contribution
Storey Sway Moment = 0 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column AB = 60.363 kNm
Rotation Contribution at top of column DC = -40.064 kNm
Sum of all the moments = 20.299 kNm
3 3
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (20. 299 )=−15 . 224 kNm
Displacement contribution at member BA=M”BA= 4 4
3 3
− (Sum of all the moment )=− (20. 299 )=−15 . 224 kNm
Displacement contribution at member CD=M”CD= 4 4
Repeat the iteration up to the saturation value. After getting repeated value stop the iteration.

After completion of iteration calculate final moment as shown below.

MAB = MFAB + 2 x M’AB +M’BA + M”AB = 0 +2 x 0 + 60.718 -16.068 = 44.65 kNm
MBA = MFBA + 2 x M’BA +M’AB + M”AB = 0 +2 x 60.718 + 0 -16.068 = -105.368 kNm
MBC = MFBC + 2 x M’BC +M’CB = -187.5 +2 x 60.718 +-39.293 = -105.357 kNm
MBC = MFBC + 2 x M’BC +M’CB = 112.5 + 2 x 39.293 + 60.718 = 94.632 kNm
MCB = MFCB + 2 x M’CB +M’BC = 112.5 + 2 x 39.293 + 0 + -16.068 = -94.654 kNm
MCD = MFCD + 2 x M’CD +M’DC + M”CD = 0 + 2 x 11.878 + 0 +(-57.302) = -33.546 kNm
MDC = MFDC + 2 x M’DC +M’CD + M”CD = 0 + 2 x 0 + 11.878 +(-57.302) = -45.424 kNm

1. Analyse the portal frame loaded as shown in fig. 1 by Kani's method and sketch the
bending moment diagram.
Solution:- STEP-1 Fixed End Moment
wL2 10×4 2 40
M FAB=− =− =− =−13 . 333 kNm
12 12 3
2 2
wL 10×4 40
M FBA = = = =13 . 333 kNm
12 12 3
2
wL 10×6 2
M FBC =− =− =−18 kNm
20 20
wL 2 10×6 2
M FCB = = =12 kNm
30 30
Wab 2 30×2×62 135
M FCD=− 2
=− 2
=− =−33 .75 k Nm
L 8 4
Wba 2 30×6×22 45
M FDC= 2 = = =11. 25 kNm
L 82 4
STEP-2 Rotation Factor
Sr. Joint Member Relative Stiffness Summation of Distribution Factor Rotation Factor
No K Relative k 1 k
−
Stiffness
= ∑ k =
2 k ∑
3 4EI 3 4EI 3 9 9
− =−0 .18
1 B BA k= = = EI =0 .36 50
4 L 4 4 4 25
 4EI 4E ( 2I ) 4EI 25EI 16 −
16
=−0 . 32
BC k= = = =2 .083 =0 . 64 25
L 6 3 12 25
4EI 4E ( 2I ) 4EI 16 −
16
=−0 . 32
CB k= = = =0 . 64 25
L 6 3 25EI 25
2 C =2 .083
4EI 4E ( 1 .5I ) 3 EI 12 9 9
− =−0 .18
CD k= = = =0 .36 50
L 8 4 25
STEP-3 Displacement Factor
Sr. Vertical Le hr hr K CK α αC 2 k DF=
No Member 3 Ck
C= Le −
2 ∑ αC 2 k
1.5 x 8 4 3 EI 3 EI
BA = =1. 33 EI
4=6 6 3 4 4 -0.86
1 8
8 3
EI
3
EI 3EI
CD =1 1 -0.64
8 8 4 4 4
7
∑ αC 2 k = 4 EI

Storey Shear: - Q = 10 x 4-30 = 10kN

Storey Moment: -

S . M .=
∑ Qhr =10×4×8−30×8 =26 . 67 kNm
3 3
Resultant Restrained Moment: - MB = 0 and MC = 0
RF MFBC MFCB RF
-4.67 -0.32 -18 12 -0.32 -21.75
RF -0.18 1.49 6.48 -0.18 RF
MFBA 13.33 8.00 10.78 -33.75 MFCD
Itr1 0.84 SM=26.67 8.29 11.93 SM=26.67 3.65
4.50 (DF)AB= 8.14 12.15 (DF)CD = 6.06
-0.86 -0.64
4.66 -26.80 8.09 12.17 -19.94 6.71
4.58 -32.02 8.08 12.17 -23.83 6.83
4.55 -32.71 -24.35 6.85
4.54 -32.75 -24.37 6.85
-32.74 -24.37
-13.33 MFAB -32.73 -24.36 MDC 11.25
Repeat the iteration up to the saturation value. After getting repeated value stop the
iteration.
After completion of iteration calculate final moment as shown below.
MAB = MFAB + 2 x M’AB +M’BA + M”AB = -13.33 + 2 x 0 + 4.54 + (-32.73) = -41.52 kNm
MBA = MFBA + 2 x M’BA +M’AB + M”AB = 13.33 +2 x 4.54 + 0 + (-32.73) = -10.32 kNm
MBC = MFBC + 2 x M’BC +M’CB = -18 + 2 x 8.08 + 12.17 = 10.33 kNm
MCB = MFCB + 2 x M’CB +M’BC = 12 + 2 x 12.17 + 8.08 = 44.42 kNm
 MCD = MFCD + 2 x M’CD +M’DC + M”CD = -33.75 + 2 x 6.85 + 0 +(-24.36) = -44.41 kNm
MDC = MFDC + 2 x M’DC +M’CD + M”CD = 11.25 + 2 x 0 + 6.85 +(-24.36) = -6.26 kNm

2. Analyze the frame shown in figure and draw its B . M. D. Use Kani’s method.

Solution:-
STEP-1 Fixed End Moment
M FAB=M FBA=M FBC =M FCB=M FDE =M FED =M FEF =M FFE =0
WL 2 30×8 2 WL 2 30×82
M FCD=M FBE=− =− =−160 kNm M FDC=M FEB= = =160 kNm
12 12 12 12
STEP-2 Rotation Factor
Sr. Joint Member Stiffness Summation −1 K
No K of Stiffness 2 ∑K
Rotation Factor =
 4E ( I ) 4E ( I ) -1
BA k= = =EI
L 4 6
4E ( I ) 4E ( 2I ) -1
1 B BE k= = =EI 3EI
L 8 6
4E ( I ) 4E ( I ) -1
BC k= = =EI
L 4 6
4E ( I ) 4E ( I ) -1
CB k= = =EI
L 4 4
2 C
4E ( I ) 4E ( 2I ) 2EI -1
CD k= = =EI
L 8 4
4E ( I ) 4E ( I ) -1
DE k= = =EI
L 4 4
3 D 2EI
4E ( I ) 4E ( 2I ) -1
DC k= = =EI
L 8 4
4E ( I ) 4E ( I ) -1
ED k= = =EI
L 4 6
4E ( I ) 4E ( 2I ) -1
4 E EB k= = =EI 3EI
L 8 6
4E ( I ) 4E ( I ) -1
EF k= = =EI
L 4 6
STEP-3 Displacement Factor
Sr. Member Relative Stiffness Summation Distribution Displacement
No K of Relative Factor = Factor =
Stiffness K −3 K
∑K 2 ∑K
4E ( I ) 4E ( I )
BA k= = =EI 0.5 - 0.75
L 4
1 2 EI
4E ( I ) 4E ( I )
EF k= = =EI 0.5 - 0.75
L 4
4E ( I ) 4E ( I )
CB k= = =EI - 0.75
L 4 0.5
2 2 EI
4E ( I ) 4E ( I )
ED k= = =EI - 0.75
L 4 0.5

Step 4 :- Storey Sway Moment

Second Storey Shear Force: - Q = 20 kN
Storey Moment for second floor: -

S . M .=
∑ Qhr =20×4 =26 . 67 kNm
3 3

First Storey Shear Force: - Q = 20 + 40 = 60kN

 Storey Moment for first floor: -

S . M .=
∑ Qhr =60×4 =80 kNm
3 3
RF MFBC MFCB RF
-160 -0.25 -160 160 -0.25 160
RF -0.25 33.33 -48.33 -0.25 RF
MFBA 0 45.62 -42.78 0 MFCD
Itr1 33.33 50.47 -39.25 -48.33
45.62 SM=26.67 52.58 -37.90 SM=26.67 -42.78
50.47 DF=-0.75 DF=-0.75 -39.25
52.58 -11.46 -11.46 -37.90
-40.07 -40.07
-53.68 -53.68
42.63 -59.76 -59.76 -4.30
40.97 -7.29
37.32 -13.40
26.67 -23.06
0 0
-1/6 -1/6
-160 -1/6 -160 160 -1/6 160
-1/6 26.67 -23.06 -1/6
0 37.32 -13.40 0
26.67 40.97 -7.29 -23.06
37.32 SM=80 42.63 -4.30 SM=80 -13.40
40.97 DF=-0.75 DF=-0.75 -7.29
42.63 -62.71 -62.71 -4.30
-77.94 -77.94
-85.26 -85.26
-88.75 -88.75
Repeat the iteration up to the saturation value. After getting repeated value stop the iteration.
After completion of iteration calculate final moment as shown below.
MAB = MFAB + 2 x M’AB +M’BA + M”AB = 0 + 2 x 0 + 42.63 + (-88.75) = -46.12 kNm

MBA = MFBA + 2 x M’BA +M’AB + M”AB = 0 +2 x 42.63 + 0 + (-88.75) = -3.49 kNm

MBC = MFBC + 2 x M’BC +M’CB + M”BC = 0 + 2 x 42.63 + 52.58 – 59.76 = 78.08 kNm
MBE = MFBE + 2 x M’BE +M’EB + M”BE = -160 + 2 x 42.63 – 4.30 + 0 = -79.04 kNm

MCB = MFCB + 2 x M’CB +M’BC = 0 + 2 x (52.58) + 42.63 + (-59.76) = 88.03 kNm

MCD = MFCD + 2 x M’CD +M’DC + M”CD = -160 + 2 x (52.58) + (-37.90) = -92.74kNm

MDC = MFDC + 2 x M’DC +M’CD + M”CD = 160 + 2 x (-37.90) + (52.58) = 136.78 kNm
MDE = MFDC + 2 x M’DC +M’CD + M”CD = 0+2x(-37.90)+(-4.30)+(-59.76) = 139.86 kNm

MED = MFED + 2 x M’ED +M’DE + M”ED = 0+2x(4.30)+(-37.90)+(-59.76) = -106.26 kNm

MEB = MFEB + 2 x M’EB +M’BE + M”EB = 160+2x(-4.30)+(42.63)+(0) = 194.03 kNm
MEF = MFEF + 2 x M’EF +M’FE + M”EF = 0+2 x (-4.30) + (0) + (-88.75) = 97.35 kNm

MFE = MFFE + 2 x M’FE +M’EF + M”EF = 0 + 2 x (0) + (-4.30) + (-88.75) = 93.05 kNm

Analysis of Frames with sway when columns in a Storey have different Heights

Numerical1. Analyze the portal frame shown in figure by Kani’s Method

40 kN/m
B C

2I

3m I
I 4m

D
6m

Solution:- STEP-1 Fixed End Moment

 wL2 40×62 wL2 40×62
M FBC =− =− =−120 kNm M FCB = = =120 kNm
12 12 12 12
M FBA =FAB ¿ M FBA=M FCD=M FDC=0
STEP-2 Rotation Factor
Sr. Joint Member Relative Stiffness Summation Rotation Factor
No K of Relative 1 k
−
Stiffness
=
2 k∑
4EI 4EI
BA k= = -0.25
L 3 8EI
1 B
4EI 4E ( 2I ) 4EI 3
BC k= = =
L 6 3 -0.25
4EI 4E ( 2I ) 4EI
CB k= = =
L 6 3 7EI -0.29
2 C
4EI 4E ( I ) 3
CD k= = =EI
L 4 -0.21

STEP-3 Displacement Factor

Sr. Vertical Le hr hr K CK α αC 2 k DF=
No Member 3 Ck
C= Le −
2 ∑ αC 2 k
3 4 EI 4 EI 4EI
BA 3 =1 1 -1.06
3 3 3 3
1 3
3 4 EI 3 9EI
CD =0 .75 EI
4 4 4 4 1 16 -0.60
91EI
∑ αC 2 k = 48

Storey Shear: - Q = 0kN

Storey Moment: -

S . M .=
∑ Qhr =0
3
RF MFBC MFCB RF
-120 -0.25 -120 120 -0.29 120
 RF -0.25 30 -43.50 -0.21 RF
MFBA 0 40.48 -46.80 0 MFCD
Itr1 30 SM=0 43.45 -46.26 SM=0 -31.50
40.48 (DF)AB= 44.20 -45.89 (DF)CD = -33.89
-1.06 -0.60
43.45 1.59 44.38 -45.76 0.90 -33.50
44.20 -6.99 44.42 -45.73 -3.95 -33.23
44.38 -10.55 -5.97 -33.14
44.42 -11.63 -6.58 -33.11
-11.91 -6.74
0 MFAB -11.99 -6.79 MDC
Repeat the iteration up to the saturation value. After getting repeated value stop the
iteration.
After completion of iteration calculate final moment as shown below.
MAB = MFAB + 2 x M’AB +M’BA + M”AB = 0 + 2 x 0 + 44.42 + (-11.99) = 32.43 kNm
MBA = MFBA + 2 x M’BA +M’AB + M”AB = 0 +2 x 44.42 + 0 + (-11.99) = 76.85 kNm
MBC = MFBC + 2 x M’BC +M’CB = -120 + 2 x 44.42 + (-45.73) = -76.89 kNm
MCB = MFCB + 2 x M’CB +M’BC = 120 + 2 x (-45.73) + 44.42 = 72.96 kNm
MCD = MFCD + 2 x M’CD +M’DC + M”CD = 0 + 2 x (-33.11) + 0 + (-6.79) = -73.01 kNm
MDC = MFDC + 2 x M’DC +M’CD + M”CD = 0 + 2 x 0 + (-33.11) + (-6.79) = -39.90 kNm