2022_JDS_math_solution

The Project for Human Resource Development Scholarship
by Japanese Grant Aid (JDS)

Basic Mathematics Aptitude Test
2022
Solution
Note:
• You have 60 minutes to complete.
• No calculators are allowed.
• Show all your work and write your answers in the designated space.
• Part I and Part II are ‘Basic Math,’ and Part III and Part IV are ‘Applied
Math.’
Name :
【PART I】Calculate the followings.
1. 2 – (2 − 2× (4 + (2 − 6)))
= 2 – (2 − 2× (4+ (− 4)))= 2 – (2 − 2× 0) =2 − 2 = 0
Answer ∶ 0
1 3 1 2 10
2. (1 + 3 × ÷ )− ×
4 4 5 4
1 3 4 1 2
= (1 + × × ) − × = (1 + 1) − 1 = 1
3 4 1 1 2
Answer ∶ 1
3. (√3 − √7) × (√3 + √7)
= 3−7 = −4
Answer ∶ − 4
−4
1 −2 1 2
4. (2−2 × ( ) ) ÷ (3)
2
−4 −4
1 2 1 −2 1 −2 1 2−2
=(( 2 ) × ( 2 ) ) × ( 3 ) =(( 2 ) ) × 32 = 1 × 32 = 9
Answer ∶ 9
【PART II】 Answer the following questions.
1. Solve the following equation for 𝑥.
10 − 𝑥
( ) = 3𝑥
3
10 – 𝑥 = 9 𝑥 → 10 =10 𝑥 → 𝑥 = 1
Answer ∶ 𝑥=1
2. Solve the following simultaneous equations for 𝑥 and 𝑦.
− 𝑥 + 6y = 19
− 𝑥 + 2y = 7
Answer ∶ 𝑥 = −1, 𝑦=3
3. Find the region 𝑥 satisfying the following inequality, where | | indicates the absolute
value.
|𝑥 + 3| < 2
−2 <(𝑥 + 3) < 2 → −2−3 < 𝑥 < 2 − 3 → −5 < 𝑥 < −1
Answer ∶ −5 < 𝑥 < −1
4. Solve the following.
∑5𝑛=1(2𝑛 − 1)
5(5+1)
∑5𝑛=1(2𝑛 − 1) = 2 × − 5=30 − 5 = 25
2
Answer ∶ 25
[PART III] Answer the following questions.
𝑥2
=4
4
𝑥 2 =16 → 𝑥 2 = (±4)2 → 𝑥 = 4, −4
Answer ∶ 𝑥 = 4, −4
2. Find the region of 𝑥 satisfying the following inequality.
𝑥 2 < 4𝑥 − 3
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 < 0 →(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 1) < 0 → 1 < 𝑥 < 3
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 4±√42 −4×1×3 4±√16−12
𝑥= = = =1, 3 → 1 < 𝑥 < 3
2𝑎 2×1 2×1
Answer ∶ 1<𝑥 < 3
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (2𝑥 − 4)

𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (2𝑥 − 4) → 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 − 4 → − 𝑥 = −4 → 𝑥 = 4
Answer ∶ 𝑥 = 4
4. Consider the following five values, {1, 2, 7, 6, 4}. Suppose that the average of these
five values is 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥). Find the value of 𝑥.
(1+2+7+6+4)
= 4 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥) → 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥) = 4 → 𝑥 = 24 =16
5
Answer ∶ 16
【PART IV】 Answer the following questions.
1. Determine the first-order derivative of the following. Note that e is a mathematical

constant which is the base of the natural logarithm.
𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑙𝑜𝑔e 𝑥+5
1
Answer ∶ 𝑦′ = 4𝑥 + 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑥
0
2. Find the following definite integral. ∫−1 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
0
0 𝑥2
∫−1 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 2 × 2
] = 0 − 1 = −1
−1
Answer ∶ −1
1 2
3. Let A=[ ]. Find the inverse matrix of A.
1 4
1 2
A=[ ] → det(𝐴) = 2 where det(A)is the determinant of the matrix A.
1 4
1 4 −2 2 −1
𝐴−1 = [ ]=[ ]
4 × 1 − 2 × 1 −1 1 −0.5 0.5
2 −1
Answer ∶ [ ]
−0.5 0.5
4. The profit π is described by the following function: 𝜋(𝑞) = (200 − 2𝑞)𝑞 − 0.5𝑞 2 ,
where q is output. Find the output q at which the profit is maximized.
Solution: the first-odder condition is : 𝜋 ′(𝑞) = 200 − 4𝑞 − 𝑞 = 0 → q=40
Answer ∶ 𝑞 = 40
【PART V】 Answer the following questions.
1. Find the first derivative of the following. 𝑓(θ) = (sinθ)2 + (cosθ)2
Solution
: 𝑓(θ) = (sinθ)2 + (cosθ)2 → 𝑓 ′ (θ) = 2(sinθ)(cosθ) + 2(cosθ)(−sinθ) = 0 or 0.
Answer ∶ 0
2. Conduct a sequence {𝑎𝑘 }∞

𝑘=1 with 𝑎𝑘 = 𝑟
1−𝑘
. Find the value r which satisfies
∞
∑𝑘=1 𝑎𝑘 = 4
∞ 1 𝑟 4
Solution: ∑∞
𝑘=1 𝑎𝑘 = ∑𝑘=1 𝑟
1−𝑘
=1−1⁄ =𝑟−1 =4 → r = 4(𝑟 − 1) = 4𝑟 − 4 → r = 3
𝑟
4
Answer ∶ 𝑟 =
3
3. Suppose that 𝑎⃗= (𝑥 − 4, −1) and 𝑏⃗⃗= (𝑥, −4) are vertical. Find 𝑥 .
Solution: The inner product 𝑎⃗∙𝑏⃗⃗ must be zero, given the angle of two vectors is 90
degree (so-called orthogonal). 𝑎⃗∙𝑏⃗⃗= 𝑥 × (𝑥 − 4) + 1 × 4 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 4±√(−4)2 −4×1×4 4±√0

Thus, 𝑥 = = = =2
2𝑎 2×1 2×1
Answer ∶ 𝑥=2
4. There are 6 male and 5 female students in the program. A group consisting of 3 male and 2
female students will be formed to work on a group project. Find how many different groups can
be formed.
6×5×4 5×4
Solution: 6C3× 5C2 = 3×2×1 × 2×1 = 20 × 10 = 200
Answer ∶ 200

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The Project for Human Resource Development Scholarship

by Japanese Grant Aid (JDS)

3. (√3 − √7) × (√3 + √7)

1. Solve the following equation for 𝑥.

2. Solve the following simultaneous equations for 𝑥 and 𝑦.

Answer ∶ 𝑥 = −1, 𝑦=3

Answer ∶ −5 < 𝑥 < −1

4. Solve the following.

1. Solve the following equation for 𝑥.

2. Find the region of 𝑥 satisfying the following inequality.

Answer ∶ 1<𝑥 < 3

3. Solve the following equation for 𝑥.

𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (2𝑥 − 4)

1. Determine the first-order derivative of the following. Note that e is a mathematical

Solution: the first-odder condition is : 𝜋 ′(𝑞) = 200 − 4𝑞 − 𝑞 = 0 → q=40

1. Find the first derivative of the following. 𝑓(θ) = (sinθ)2 + (cosθ)2

2. Conduct a sequence {𝑎𝑘 }∞

−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 4±√(−4)2 −4×1×4 4±√0

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