RASPBERRY PI 3 B+ COMMANDS AND

CODES

BASIC CODES:
Read two numbers and print their sum, difference, product and division
# variable

num1=30
num2=5

# add
answer=num1 + num2
print('the answer is',answer)

# substraction
answer=num1 - num2
print('the answer is',answer)

# multiplication
answer=num1 * num2
print('the answer is',answer)

# division
answer=num1/num2
print('the answer is',answer)

Area of a given shape (rectangle, triangle, circle, square, parallelogram)reading

shape and appropriate values from standard input

# define a function for calculating

# the area of a shapes
def calculate_area(name):\

# converting all characters

# into lower cases
name = name.lower()

# check for the conditions

if name == "rectangle":
 l = int(input("Enter rectangle's length: "))
b = int(input("Enter rectangle's breadth: "))

# calculate area of rectangle

rect_area = l * b
print(f"The area of rectangle is{rect_area}.")

elif name == "square":

s = int(input("Enter square's side length: "))

# calculate area of square

sqt_area = s * s
print(f"The area of square is{sqt_area}.")

elif name == "triangle":

h = int(input("Enter triangle's height length: "))
b = int(input("Enter triangle's breadth length: "))

# calculate area of triangle

tri_area = 0.5 * b * h
print(f"The area of triangle is{tri_area}.")

elif name == "circle":

r = int(input("Enter circle's radius length: "))
pi = 3.14

# calculate area of circle

circ_area = pi * r * r
print(f"The area of triangle is{circ_area}.")

elif name == 'parallelogram':

b = int(input("Enter parallelogram's base length: "))
h = int(input("Enter parallelogram's height length: "))

# calculate area of parallelogram

para_area = b * h
print(f"The area of parallelogram is {para_area}.")

else:
print("Sorry! This shape is not available")

# driver code
if __name__ == "__main__" :

print("Calculate Shape Area")

shape_name = input("Enter the name of shape whose area you want to
find: ")

# function calling
calculate_area(shape_name)
Print current time for 10 times with an interval of 10 seconds
import time;

localtime = time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time()))
print ("Local current time :"), localtime

import time
from datetime import datetime

for x in range(10):
now = datetime.now()
current_time = now.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
print(current_time)
time.sleep(1)

Print a name n times

# To print a given Name in n Times

a = input("Enter your name: ")
n = int(input("Enter the number you want to print that times: "))
i = 1
while i<= n:
print( a )
i+=1

If condition:
marks=90
if(marks>35):
print('Marks are greater than 35')
print('Results :Pass')
else:
print('Marks are greater than 35')
print('Results :Fail')
print('Results printed')
Projects commands and codes:
1. Switch-LED:

Code:

import RPi.GPIO as io
from time import sleep
io.setmode(io.BOARD)
led=38
switch=40
io.setwarnings(False)
io.setup(led,io.OUT)
#io.setup(switch,io.IN)
io.setup(switch,io.IN,pull_up_down=io.PUD_UP)
io.output(led,io.LOW)
while 1:
state=io.input(switch)
print(state)
sleep(0.1);
if state==0:
io.output(led,io.HIGH)
else:
io.output(led,io.LOW)
io.cleanup();

2. Two switch two LED:

Code:

import RPi.GPIO as io
from time import sleep
led1=21
led2=20
switch1=16
switch2=12
io.setmode(io.BCM)
io.setwarnings(False)
io.setup(led1,io.OUT)
io.setup(led2,io.OUT)
#io.setup(switch,io.IN)
io.setup(switch1,io.IN,pull_up_down=io.PUD_UP)
io.setup(switch2,io.IN,pull_up_down=io.PUD_UP)
io.output(led1,io.LOW)
io.output(led2,io.LOW)
while 1:
state1=io.input(switch1)
state2=io.input(switch2)
print(state1)
print(state2)

if state1==0:
io.output(led1,io.HIGH)
else:
io.output(led1,io.LOW)
if state2==0:
io.output(led2,io.HIGH)
else:
io.output(led2,io.LOW)

io.cleanup()

3. 3 Times blinking LED:

Code:

import RPi.GPIO as io
from time import sleep
io.setmode(io.BOARD)
led=38
switch=40
io.setwarnings(False)
io.setup(led,io.OUT)
#io.setup(switch,io.IN)
io.setup(switch,io.IN,pull_up_down=io.PUD_UP)
io.output(led,io.LOW)
while 1:
state=io.input(switch)
print(state)
sleep(0.1);
if state==0:
io.output(led,io.HIGH)
sleep(1)
io.output(led,io.LOW)
sleep(1)
io.output(led,io.HIGH)
sleep(1)
io.output(led,io.LOW)
sleep(1)
io.output(led,io.HIGH)
sleep(1)
io.output(led,io.LOW)
sleep(1)
 else:
io.output(led,io.LOW)
io.cleanup();

4. Buzzer:

Code:

import RPi.GPIO as io
import time
io.setmode(io.BCM)
buzzer=19
io.setwarnings(False)
io.setup(buzzer,io.OUT)
while 1:
io.output(buzzer,io.HIGH)
print('BUZZER ON')
time.sleep(1)
io.output(buzzer,io.LOW)
print('BUZZER OFF')
time.sleep(1)
io.cleanup()

5. Relay:

Code:

import RPi.GPIO as io
import time
io.setmode(io.BCM)
relay=19
io.setwarnings(False)
io.setup(relay,io.OUT)
while 1:
io.output(relay,io.HIGH)
print('RELAY ON')
time.sleep(1)
io.output(relay,io.LOW)
print('RELAY OFF')
 time.sleep(1)
io.cleanup()

6. LCD:

Commands:

1. sudo apt-get update

2. sudo apt-get upgrade
3. git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_CharLCD
4. cd Adafruit_Python_CharLCD
5. sudo python setup.py install

Code:
import time
import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD
lcd_rs = 26
lcd_en = 19
lcd_d4 = 13
lcd_d5 = 6
lcd_d6 = 5
lcd_d7 = 0
lcd_backlight = 4
lcd_columns = 16
lcd_rows = 2

lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCD(lcd_rs, lcd_en, lcd_d4, lcd_d5, lcd_d6,

lcd_d7,
lcd_columns, lcd_rows, lcd_backlight)

lcd.message('16x2 LCD \nsttmani.com')

7. Ultrasonic sensor:

Code:

import RPi.GPIO as io
import time
trig=23
echo=24
def setup():
io.setmode(io.BCM)
io.setwarnings(False)
io.setup(trig,io.OUT)
io.setup(echo,io.IN)
io.output(trig,False)

def distance():
io.output(trig,True)
time.sleep(0.00001)
io.output(trig,False)
while io.input(echo)==0:
pulse_start = time.time()
while io.input(echo)==1:
pulse_end = time.time()
pulse_duration = pulse_end - pulse_start
dis = pulse_duration * 17150
dis = round(dis+1.15,2)
return dis
#print(dis,"CM")

setup()
while 1:
x=distance()
print(x,"cm")
time.sleep(1)
io.cleanup()

Ultrasonic with LCD:

Code:

import RPi.GPIO as io
import time
import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD
lcd_rs = 26
lcd_en = 19
lcd_d4 = 13
lcd_d5 = 6
lcd_d6 = 5
lcd_d7 = 0
lcd_backlight = 4
lcd_columns = 16
lcd_rows = 2
trig=20
echo=21
lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCD(lcd_rs, lcd_en, lcd_d4, lcd_d5, lcd_d6,
lcd_d7,
 lcd_columns, lcd_rows, lcd_backlight)

def setup():
io.setmode(io.BCM)
io.setwarnings(False)
io.setup(trig,io.OUT)
io.setup(echo,io.IN)
io.output(trig,False)

def distance():
io.output(trig,True)
time.sleep(0.00001)
io.output(trig,False)
while io.input(echo)==0:
pulse_start = time.time()
while io.input(echo)==1:
pulse_end = time.time()
pulse_duration = pulse_end - pulse_start
dis = pulse_duration * 17150
dis = round(dis+1.15,2)
return dis
#print(dis,"CM")

setup()

while 1:
x=distance()
print(x,"cm")
lcd.clear()
lcd.message(' distance')
lcd.message('\n ')
lcd.message(str (x))
time.sleep(1)
io.cleanup()

8. DHT11 :

Commands:

1. git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_DHT

2. cd Adafruit_Python_DHT
3. sudo python setup.py install
Code:
import Adafruit_DHT
import time
print("packages imported")
sensor = Adafruit_DHT.DHT11
pin = 21
while True:

humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(sensor, pin)

print('Temp={0:0.1f}*C Humidity={1:0.1f}%'.format(temperature,
humidity))

DHT11 with LCD:

Commands:

1.sudo apt-get update

2.sudo apt-get upgrade
3. git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_DHT
4. cd Adafruit_Python_DHT
5. sudo python3 setup.py install

Code:
import Adafruit_DHT
import time
import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD
lcd_rs = 26
lcd_en = 19
lcd_d4 = 13
lcd_d5 = 6
lcd_d6 = 5
lcd_d7 = 0
lcd_backlight = 4
lcd_columns = 16
lcd_rows = 2
pin = 21

sensor = Adafruit_DHT.DHT11
lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCD(lcd_rs, lcd_en, lcd_d4, lcd_d5, lcd_d6,
lcd_d7,
lcd_columns, lcd_rows, lcd_backlight)
lcd.message('Temp Hum\n')
while True:

humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(sensor, pin)

lcd.clear()
lcd.message('Temp Hum\n')
lcd.message(str(temperature))
lcd.message(' ')
lcd.message(str(humidity))
 print('Temp={0:0.1f}*C Humidity={1:0.1f}%'.format(temperature,
humidity))

9.Thingspeak for IOT using DHT11+LCD :

Commands:
1.sudo apt-get update
2.sudo apt-get upgrade
3. git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_DHT
4. cd Adafruit_Python_DHT
5. sudo python3 setup.py install

Code:

import urllib.request
import requests
import threading
import json
import random
import Adafruit_DHT
import time
import Adafruit_DHT
import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD
lcd_rs = 26
lcd_en = 19
lcd_d4 = 13
lcd_d5 = 6
lcd_d6 = 5
lcd_d7 = 0
lcd_backlight = 4
lcd_columns = 16
lcd_rows = 2
sensor = Adafruit_DHT.DHT11
pin = 21
sensor = Adafruit_DHT.DHT11
lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCD(lcd_rs, lcd_en, lcd_d4, lcd_d5, lcd_d6,
lcd_d7,
lcd_columns, lcd_rows, lcd_backlight)
def thingspeak_post():
threading.Timer(15,thingspeak_post).start()
humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(sensor, pin)
 print('Temp={0:0.1f}*C Humidity={1:0.1f}%'.format(temperature,
humidity))
lcd.clear()
lcd.message('Temp Hum\n')
lcd.message(str(temperature))
lcd.message(' ')
lcd.message(str(humidity))
URl='https://api.thingspeak.com/update?api_key='
KEY='6QAXDRZADORL9MSR'
HEADER='&field1={}&field2={}'.format(temperature,humidity)
NEW_URL = URl+KEY+HEADER
print(NEW_URL)
data=urllib.request.urlopen(NEW_URL)
print(data)

if __name__ == '__main__':
thingspeak_post()

10. Blynk IOT APP:

Commands:
1. sudo apt-get install git-core
2. git clone https://github.com/blynkkk/blynk-library.git
3. cd blynk-library/linux
4. ls
5.make clean all target=raspberry
6../build.sh raspberry
7. sudo ./blynk --token=fabkBlWAXDvn1A8_Wh7x_OXYD4NR0011

Code:

import RPi.GPIO as io
import blynklib
import Adafruit_DHT
import time
io.setmode(io.BCM)
led=20
pin = 21
io.setwarnings(False)
io.setup(led,io.OUT)
io.output(led,io.LOW)
'''BLYNK_AUTH = 'VIFNnYnKKrwvbh11pdVkq0elNRq65q3z'''
BLYNK_AUTH = 'fabkBlWAXDvn1A8_Wh7x_OXYD4NR0011'
sensorr = Adafruit_DHT.DHT11
blynk = blynklib.Blynk(BLYNK_AUTH)
WRITE_EVENT_PRINT_MSG = "[WRITE_VIRTUAL_PIN_EVENT] Pin: V{} Value:
'{}'"
@blynk.handle_event('write V4')
def write_virtual_pin_handler(pin, value):
#print(WRITE_EVENT_PRINT_MSG.format(pin, value))
if int(format(value[0])) == 1:
print("led on")
io.output(led,io.HIGH)
blynk.notify('led on')
else:
print("led off")
io.output(led,io.LOW)
blynk.notify('led off')

def sensor():
humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(sensorr, pin)
print('Humidity = {:.2f}%\tTemperature = {:.2f}C'.format(humidity,
temperature))
blynk.virtual_write(1, '{:.2f}'.format(temperature))
blynk.virtual_write(2, '{:.2f}'.format(humidity))

while True:
blynk.run()
sensor()
time

11. Camera:
Open cv installation commands:

open cv 4.1.0 installation commands

1. sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo rpi-update
2. sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile
3. #CONF_SWAPSIZE=100
CONF_SWAPSIZE=2048
sudo systemctl restart dphys-swapfile
4. sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake pkg-config
5. sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev
libpng12-dev
6. sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
libv4l-dev
7. sudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev
8. sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev
9. sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran
if you do not have Python installed, you can install it by the
following command 10,11 otherwise no need
10.sudo apt-get install python3-dev
11.sudo apt-get install python3-pip

12.wget -O opencv.zip
https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/3.4.16.zip
13.wget -O opencv_contrib.zip
https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/archive/3.4.16.zip
14.unzip opencv.zip
15.unzip opencv_contrib.zip
16.sudo pip3 install numpy
17.cd ~/opencv-3.4.16/
18.mkdir build
19.cd build
20.cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib-4.1.0/modules \
-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
21.make -j4 or make -j$(nproc)
22. sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
23.sudo reboot

testing opencv

24. python3
25. import cv2
26. cv2.__version__

(or)
1. sudo apt update
2. sudo apt upgrade
3. sudo apt install cmake build-essential pkg-config git
4. sudo apt install libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libpng-dev
libwebp-dev libopenexr-dev
5. sudo apt install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
libv4l-dev libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev libdc1394-22-dev libgstreamer-
plugins-base1.0-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev
6. sudo apt install libgtk-3-dev libqtgui4 libqtwebkit4 libqt4-test
python3-pyqt5
7. sudo apt install libatlas-base-dev liblapacke-dev gfortran
8. sudo apt install libhdf5-dev libhdf5-103
9. sudo apt install python3-dev python3-pip python3-numpy
Begin modifying the swap file configuration by running the following
command.

10.sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile

after open config file While we are within this file, we need to find
and replace the following line.

11.CONF_SWAPSIZE=100 into CONF_SWAPSIZE=2048

Once changed, save the file by pressing CTRL+X followed by Y then

Enter.

12.sudo systemctl restart dphys-swapfile

13.git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git
14.git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git
15.mkdir ~/opencv/build
16.cd ~/opencv/build

17.cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib/modules \
-D ENABLE_NEON=ON \
-D ENABLE_VFPV3=ON \
-D BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=OFF \
-D OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=ON \
-D CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS=-latomic \
-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF ..

18.make -j$(nproc) this command take 2 hours of time for building

19.sudo make install
20.sudo ldconfig
21.sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile
22.CONF_SWAPSIZE=2048 replace with CONF_SWAPSIZE=100
23.sudo systemctl restart dphys-swapfile

testing opencv

24. python3
25. import cv2
26. cv2.__version__
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rdBTLOx0gi4&t=173s

Code:

'''from picamera import PiCamera

from time import sleep
camera = PiCamera()
camera.start_preview()
sleep(5)
camera.stop_preview()'''

import cv2

cam = cv2.VideoCapture(0)

while True:
ret, image = cam.read()
cv2.imshow('live stream',image)
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF==ord('b'):
break
cv2.imwrite('/home/pi/Desktop/codes/2.jpg', image)
cam.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

12. Bluetooth:

Commands:

Steps

1. Installation

1-1. Install a serial terminal application on Raspberry Pi. In this post,

I’ll use minicom[2].
sudo apt-get install minicom -y

2. Enable SPP on Raspberry Pi

In order to use SPP, Bluetooth service needs to be restarted with

‘compatibility’ flag[3].
2-1. Open Bluetooth service configuration file.
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.bluez.service
2-2. Look for a line starts with “ExecStart” and add compatibility flag ‘-
C’ at the end of the line.
ExecStart=/usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd -C
2-3. Add a line below immediately after “ExecStart” line, then save and
close the file.
ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/sdptool add SP
2-4. Reload the configuration file.
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
2-5. Restart the service.
sudo systemctl restart bluetooth.service

3. Pairing

To establish a connection, Raspberry Pi and the phone need to be paired.

3-1. Launch bluetoothctl.
bluetoothctl
3-2. Enter below in order to be discovered from the phone.
discoverable on
3-3. On the phone, scan for Raspberry Pi and pair. You should be able to
see something like below.
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX Paired: yes
3-4. Press Ctrl+D to quit.

4. Establishing Connection from Phone

4-1. Listen for incoming connection on Raspberry Pi.

sudo rfcomm watch hci0
4-2. Install and launch “Serial Bluetooth Terminal” app[4] on the phone.
4-3. In the app, go to “Device” menu and select Raspberry Pi. If
everything goes well and the connection is established, you should be able
to see like this:
$ sudo rfcomm watch hci0
Waiting for connection on channel 1
Connection from XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX to /dev/rfcomm0
Press CTRL-C for hangup

4. Connecting Serial Terminal on Raspberry Pi

5-1. Open another terminal and launch the serial terminal.

minicom -b 9600 -o -D /dev/rfcomm0

Code:

import RPi.GPIO as io
import serial
import time
x=21
y=20
z=16
io.setmode(io.BCM)
io.setwarnings(False)
io.setup(x,io.OUT)
io.setup(y,io.OUT)
io.setup(z,io.OUT)
io.output(x,io.LOW)
io.output(y,io.LOW)
io.output(z,io.LOW)
print('modules imported')
ser = serial.Serial("/dev/rfcomm0", baudrate=9600, timeout=0.5)
# ser = serial.Serial("/dev/ttyS0", baudrate=9600, timeout=0.5)
ser.reset_input_buffer()
while True:
rcv=ser.readline().decode(errors='ignore').rstrip()
print(rcv)
data=rcv

if data <='0' and data >='15':

io.output(x,io.HIGH)
io.output(y,io.HIGH)
io.output(z,io.HIGH)
print('0')
time.sleep(10)

elif data >='15' and data <= '55':

io.output(x,io.LOW)
io.output(y,io.HIGH)
io.output(z,io.HIGH)
print('1')
time.sleep(10)
elif data >='55' and data <='95':
io.output(x,io.HIGH)
io.output(y,io.LOW)
io.output(z,io.HIGH)
print('2')
time.sleep(10)
elif data >='95' and data <= '130':
io.output(x,io.LOW)
io.output(y,io.LOW)
io.output(z,io.HIGH)
print('3')
time.sleep(10)
elif data >='130' and data <= '175':
io.output(x,io.HIGH)
io.output(y,io.HIGH)
io.output(z,io.LOW)
print('4')
time.sleep(10)
elif data >='175' and data <= '210':
io.output(x,io.LOW)
io.output(y,io.HIGH)
io.output(z,io.LOW)
print('5')
time.sleep(10)
elif data >='210' and data <= '230':
io.output(x,io.HIGH)
io.output(y,io.LOW)
io.output(z,io.LOW)
print('6')
time.sleep(10)
elif data >='230' and data <= '254':
io.output(x,io.LOW)
io.output(y,io.LOW)
io.output(z,io.LOW)
print('7')
 time.sleep(10)

13. LDR using ADC (MCP3008)+LCD:

Commands:

1.sudo apt-get update

2.sudo apt-get upgrade
3.sudo apt-get install python-dev
4. wget https://github.com/doceme/py-spidev/archive/master.zip
5. unzip master.zip
6. cd py-spidev-master
7. sudo python setup.py install
8.git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_MCP3008
9. cd Adafruit_Python_MCP3008
10.sudo python setup.py install

Code:
import time
import Adafruit_GPIO.SPI as SPI
import Adafruit_MCP3008
import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD
lcd_rs = 26
lcd_en = 19
lcd_d4 = 13
lcd_d5 = 6
lcd_d6 = 5
lcd_d7 = 0
lcd_backlight = 4
lcd_columns = 16
lcd_rows = 2

lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCD(lcd_rs, lcd_en, lcd_d4, lcd_d5, lcd_d6,

lcd_d7,
lcd_columns, lcd_rows, lcd_backlight)
CLK = 11
MISO = 9
MOSI = 10
CS = 8
mcp = Adafruit_MCP3008.MCP3008(clk=CLK, cs=CS, miso=MISO, mosi=MOSI)
print('Reading MCP3008 values, press Ctrl-C to quit...')
while True:
value = mcp.read_adc(0)
adc_voltage=(value / 1023.0 * 3.3)
lcd.clear()
lcd.message('ADC_val ADC_vol\n')
 lcd.message(str(value))
lcd.message(' ')
lcd.message(str(value / 1023.0 * 3.3))
print("ADC voltage: %.2f" % adc_voltage)
print('ADC value : %.2f' %(value))
time.sleep(1)

14. LM35 using ADC (MCP3008)+LCD:

Commands:

1.sudo apt-get update

2.sudo apt-get upgrade
3.sudo apt-get install python-dev
4. wget https://github.com/doceme/py-spidev/archive/master.zip
5. unzip master.zip
6. cd py-spidev-master
7. sudo python setup.py install
8.git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_MCP3008
9. cd Adafruit_Python_MCP3008
10.sudo python setup.py install

Code:
import time
import Adafruit_GPIO.SPI as SPI
import Adafruit_MCP3008
import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD
lcd_rs = 26
lcd_en = 19
lcd_d4 = 13
lcd_d5 = 6
lcd_d6 = 5
lcd_d7 = 0
lcd_backlight = 4
lcd_columns = 16
lcd_rows = 2

lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCD(lcd_rs, lcd_en, lcd_d4, lcd_d5, lcd_d6,

lcd_d7,
lcd_columns, lcd_rows, lcd_backlight)
CLK = 11
MISO = 9
MOSI = 10
CS = 8
mcp = Adafruit_MCP3008.MCP3008(clk=CLK, cs=CS, miso=MISO, mosi=MOSI)
print('Reading MCP3008 values, press Ctrl-C to quit...')
while True:
value = mcp.read_adc(0)
adc_voltage=(value / 1023.0 * 3.3)
lcd.clear()
lcd.message('ADC_val ADC_vol\n')
lcd.message(str(value))
lcd.message(' ')
lcd.message(str(value / 1023.0 * 3.3))
print("ADC voltage: %.2f" % adc_voltage)
print('ADC value : %.2f' %(value))
time.sleep(1)

15.10k Pot using ADC (MCP3008)+LCD:

Commands:

1.sudo apt-get update

2.sudo apt-get upgrade
3.sudo apt-get install python-dev
4. wget https://github.com/doceme/py-spidev/archive/master.zip
5. unzip master.zip
6. cd py-spidev-master
7. sudo python setup.py install
8.git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_MCP3008
9. cd Adafruit_Python_MCP3008
10.sudo python setup.py install

Code:

import time
import Adafruit_GPIO.SPI as SPI
import Adafruit_MCP3008
import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD
lcd_rs = 26
lcd_en = 19
lcd_d4 = 13
lcd_d5 = 6
lcd_d6 = 5
lcd_d7 = 0
lcd_backlight = 4
lcd_columns = 16
lcd_rows = 2
lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCD(lcd_rs, lcd_en, lcd_d4, lcd_d5, lcd_d6,
lcd_d7,
lcd_columns, lcd_rows, lcd_backlight)
CLK = 11
MISO = 9
MOSI = 10
CS = 8
mcp = Adafruit_MCP3008.MCP3008(clk=CLK, cs=CS, miso=MISO, mosi=MOSI)
print('Reading MCP3008 values, press Ctrl-C to quit...')
while True:
value = mcp.read_adc(0)
adc_voltage=(value / 1023.0 * 3.3)
lcd.clear()
lcd.message('ADC_val ADC_vol\n')
lcd.message(str(value))
lcd.message(' ')
lcd.message(str(value / 1023.0 * 3.3))
print("ADC voltage: %.2f" % adc_voltage)
print('ADC value : %.2f' %(value))
time.sleep(1)

16. MQ2 Sensor using ADC (MCP3008)+LCD:

Commands:

1.sudo apt-get update

2.sudo apt-get upgrade
3.sudo apt-get install python-dev
4. wget https://github.com/doceme/py-spidev/archive/master.zip
5. unzip master.zip
6. cd py-spidev-master
7. sudo python setup.py install
8.git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_MCP3008
9. cd Adafruit_Python_MCP3008
10.sudo python setup.py install

Code:
import time
import Adafruit_GPIO.SPI as SPI
import Adafruit_MCP3008
import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD
lcd_rs = 26
lcd_en = 19
lcd_d4 = 13
lcd_d5 = 6
lcd_d6 = 5
lcd_d7 = 0
lcd_backlight = 4
lcd_columns = 16
lcd_rows = 2

lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCD(lcd_rs, lcd_en, lcd_d4, lcd_d5, lcd_d6,

lcd_d7,
lcd_columns, lcd_rows, lcd_backlight)
CLK = 11
MISO = 9
MOSI = 10
CS = 8
mcp = Adafruit_MCP3008.MCP3008(clk=CLK, cs=CS, miso=MISO, mosi=MOSI)
print('Reading MCP3008 values, press Ctrl-C to quit...')
while True:
value = mcp.read_adc(0)
adc_voltage=(value / 1023.0 * 3.3)
lcd.clear()
lcd.message('ADC_val ADC_vol\n')
lcd.message(str(value))
lcd.message(' ')
lcd.message(str(value / 1023.0 * 3.3))
print("ADC voltage: %.2f" % adc_voltage)
print('ADC value : %.2f' %(value))
time.sleep(1)

17. MQ2 Sensor (Digital) + LCD:

Commands:

1. sudo apt-get update

2. sudo apt-get upgrade
3. git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_CharLCD
4. cd Adafruit_Python_CharLCD
5. sudo python setup.py install

Code:
import RPi.GPIO as io
from time import sleep
import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD
lcd_rs = 26
lcd_en = 19
lcd_d4 = 13
lcd_d5 = 6
lcd_d6 =5
lcd_d7 =0
lcd_backlight = 4
lcd_columns = 16
lcd_rows = 2
mq2=21
buzzer=20
io.setmode(io.BCM)
lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCD(lcd_rs, lcd_en, lcd_d4, lcd_d5, lcd_d6,
lcd_d7,
lcd_columns, lcd_rows, lcd_backlight)
io.setwarnings(False)
io.setup(mq2,io.IN)
io.setup(buzzer,io.OUT)
lcd.message('mq2 sensor\n')
while 1:
mq2_state=io.input(mq2)
print(mq2_state)
if mq2_state==True:
io.output(buzzer,io.HIGH)
lcd.clear()
lcd.message('gas sensor\n activated ')
sleep(1)
else:
io.output(buzzer,io.LOW)
lcd.clear()
lcd.message('gas sensor not \nactive ')
sleep(1)
sleep(0.5)
io.cleanup()

18. IR Sensor + Buzzer:

Code:
import RPi.GPIO as io
from time import sleep
io.setmode(io.BOARD)
ir=40
buzzer=39
io.setwarnings(False)
io.setup(ir,io.IN)
io.setup(buzzer,io.OUT)
while 1:
ir_state=io.input(ir)
print(ir_state)
if ir_state==False:
io.output(buzzer,io.HIGH)
else:
io.output(buzzer,io.LOW)
sleep(0.5)
io.cleanup()

NOTE:

1. BCM means Raspberry pi 3 b+ GPIO Pins.

2. Raspberry pi also considers space as an error.