COIMBATORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Government Aided Autonomous Institution)

COIMBATORE – 641 014.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINERRING
(II-Year/III Semester B.E. Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

SECTION-II

I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION

23EE311 – Electric Circuit Analysis
03.09.2024 – 2.00PM-4.30PM

ANSWER KEY

PART-A
 Answer Key
PART – A
(10x2=20 Marks)
1. How and why does the frequency of the ac supply affect the magnitude of
current in an ac circuit?
The frequency of the alternating current (AC) supply significantly affects the
magnitude of current in an AC circuit due to its influence on the reactance of circuit
components, such as inductors and capacitors. (1 Mark)
XL=2πfL and XC = 1/2πfC
As frequency changes, XL and XC value changes, which in turn changes the impedance.
Hence the current magnitude changes accordingly. (1Mark)
2. Draw the phasor diagram of series RL circuit.

(2 Marks)

3. Find the rms value of current flowing through a 314µF capacitor when
connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz, single phase AC supply.

(1 Mark)

(1 mark)
4. A voltage v(t) = 177 sin (314t + 10°) is applied to a circuit. It causes a steady-
state current to flow, which is described by i(t) = 14.14 sin (314t – 20°).
Determine the power factor and average power delivered to the circuit.

(1 Mark)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 1
 (1 Mark)

5. A single-phase motor draws a current of 5 A from a 120 V, 60 Hz line. The power

factor of the motor is 65 percent.
The apparent power drawn by the motor is

(1 Mark)
The active power absorbed by the motor is

(1 Mark)
6. Mention the significance of power factor. When is the power factor leading and
lagging?
Power factor (PF) is defined as the ratio of real power to apparent power. The
significance of power factor lies in its ability to indicate how effectively electrical
power is being converted into useful work output. A high power factor means that a
larger percentage of the power is being effectively utilized. (1 Mark)
The power factor is leading for capacitive loads and lagging for inductive loads.
(1 Mark)
7. In the circuit shown below, the magnitude of VL and VC are twice that of VR. Given
that f = 50 Hz, determine the value of the inductor.

(1 Mark)

(1 Mark)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 2
 8. A series LCR circuit with L=(100/π )mH, C=(10)^(-3)/π) F and R=10Ω, is
connected across an ac source of v(t)= 220√2 sin100πt V,50 Hz supply.
Determine the power factor of the circuit.

(0.5 Mark)

(0.5 Mark)

(1 Mark)

9. A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source of 220V, 50Hz. The circuit

contain a resistance R=10Ω, and an inductor of inductive reactance XL =79.6Ω.
Determine the value of capacitance of the capacitor needed to maximize the
average rate energy supplied to the circuit.

XL=XC
(1 Mark)

(1 Mark)

10. List the applications of series resonant circuit.

Series resonant circuits have various applications, including:
 Wave Traps: Used to filter out specific frequencies in communication systems.
 Oscillators: Employed in generating oscillating signals for radios and other
devices.

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 3
  Voltage Multiplier Circuits: Used for increasing voltage levels in power supply
applications.
 Filter Circuits: Help in signal processing by allowing certain frequencies to
pass while suppressing others.
(4X0.5 Mark)

PART-B
(4x10=40 Marks)
11.
a) Draw the waveforms for instantaneous voltage, current, and power in a
series RC circuit. Draw the phasor diagram and derive the expression for
the average power. Why is power positive during some intervals and
negative in the others? Discuss the effect of these positive and negative
power regions on the total power consumed by the circuit? (5 Marks)

The above figure shows a resistance of R ohms connected in series with a

capacitor of C farad.
Let V = r.m.s. value of applied voltage
I = r.m.s. value of the circuit current
VR= IR ........... where VR is in phase with I
VC= IXC ......... where VC lags I by 90°
(1 Mark)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 4
 (2 Marks)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 5
 The power curve for a R-C series circuit is shown below.

To make more illustrative, it is assumed that current leads the voltage by

30° i.e Φ = 30°. It is clear that power is negative between 0° and -30° and between
150° and 180°.
During the rest of the cycle, the power is positive. Since the area under the
positive loops is greater than that under the negative loops, the net power over
the cycle is positive. This means that power is being consumed by the circuit.
However, it is less than the average power consumed by a comparable circuit
where voltage and current are in phase (i.e. pure resistive circuit). The negative
area simply indicates that capacitance of the circuit returns power to the source
during that interval.
(2 Marks)
b) An inductive coil draws 10 A current and consumes 1 kW power from a 200
V, 50 Hz ac supply. Determine (i) impedance in rectangular and polar forms,
(ii) power factor, and (iii) reactive and apparent power. (5 Marks)
i) Impedance in rectangular and polar forms

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 6
 (2 Marks)
ii) Power Factor

(1 Mark)
iii) Reactive and apparent power

(2 Marks)
12.
a) Draw an RLC series circuit and derive expressions for its impedance and
power actor angle. Draw the phasor diagram for i) XL = XC ii)XL>XC and
iii)XL<XC. (4 Marks)

Figure shows a pure resistor R, pure inductor L and pure capacitor C connected
in series across an alternating voltage v.
Let V and I be the rms values of the applied voltage and current.
Potential difference across the resistor = VR = R I
Potential difference across the inductor = VL = XL I

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 7
 Potential difference across the capacitor = VC = XC I
(1 Mark)
The voltage VR is in phase with the current I, the voltage VL leads the current I
by 90° and the voltage VC lags behind the current I by 90°.

The impedance of a R-L-C series circuit is given by ;

XL – XC is zero (i.e. XL = XC), the circuit is purely resistive. In other words, circuit
current I and applied voltage V will be in phase i.e. Φ = 0°. The circuit will then
have unity power factor.
(1 Mark)

XL – XC is positive (i.e. XL > XC ), phase angle Φ is positive and the circuit will
be inductive. In other words, in such a case, the circuit current I will lag behind
the applied voltage V by Φ ; the value of Φ being given by,
(1 Mark)

XL – XC is negative (i.e. XC > XL ), phase angle Φ is negative and the circuit will
be capacitive. In other words, in such a case, the circuit current I will lead behind
the applied voltage V by Φ ; the value of Φ being given by,
(1 Mark)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 8
 b) A voltage v(t) = 100 sin 314 t is applied to a series circuit consisting of 10Ω
resistance, 0•0318 H inductance and a capacitor of 63.6 µF. Find i) rms value
of the current ii) phase angle between voltage and current iii) power factor
iv) active power consumed (6 Marks)
i) rms value of the current

(1 Mark)

(2 Mark)
ii) phase angle between voltage and current

current leading voltage

(1 Mark)
iii) Circuit p.f., cos f = cos 76° = 0.24 lead
(1 Mark)
iv) active power consumed

(1 Mark)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 9
 13.
a) Explain the analysis of parallel circuits using Complex or Phasor Algebra
Method. (6 Marks)
Consider the parallel circuit shown below, in which two impedances Z1 and
Z2, being in parallel, have the same potential difference across them

(1 Mark)
It may be noted that the admittances are added in parallel branches, whereas
impedances are added for branches in series.

(1 Mark)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 10
 (1 Mark)

(2 Marks)

(1 Mark)
b) Find currents I1 and I2 for the circuit shown below.

By current-division rule,

(2 Marks)

(2 Marks)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 11
 14.
a) With the help of the power triangle describe the various terminologies used
in electric circuits. (5 Marks)

(2 Marks)

The power which is actually consumed in the circuit is called active power or true
power. The product of voltage (V) and component of total current in phase with
voltage (I cos Φ) is equal to Active Power i.e.

True power, P = Voltage × Component of total current in phase with voltage

P = VI cos Φ Watts (1 Mark)

The component of apparent power which is neither consumed nor does any useful
work in the circuit is called reactive power. The product of voltage (V) and component
of total current in quadrature with voltage (I sin Φ) is equal to Reactive Power.

Q=VI Sin Φ Var (1 Mark)

The total power that appears to be transferred between the source and load is
called apparent power. It is equal to the product of applied voltage (V) and circuit
current (I) i.e.

S = V × I = VI VA (1 Mark)

b) The load taken from a supply consists of a (i) lamp load of 10 kW at unity
power factor, (ii) motor load of 80 kVA at 0.8 power factor lagging, and (iii)
motor load of 40 kVA at 0.7 power factor lagging. Calculate the total load

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 12
 taken from the supply in kW and in kVA and the power factor of the
combined load. (5 Marks)

(2 Marks)

(2 Marks)

(1 Mark)

15. Determine the current in the circuit shown below. Also, find the power
consumed and power factor. (10 Marks)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 13
 (2 Marks)

(2 Marks)

(2 Marks)

(2 Marks)

(1 Mark)

(1 Mark)
16. A coil having a reactance of 10Ω and a resistance of 2 Ω is connected in parallel
with a capacitive reactance of 10 Ω. If the supply voltage is 200 V, calculate
i. The reactive power absorbed by the coil
ii. The reactive power generated by the Capacitor
iii. The active power dissipated by the coil
iv. The apparent power of the circuit (10 Marks)

(2 Marks)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 14
 i. The reactive power absorbed by the coil

(2 Marks)
ii. The reactive power generated by the Capacitor

(2 Marks)
iii. The active power dissipated by the coil

(1 Mark)
iv. The apparent power of the circuit

(3 Marks)
17.
a) For a series RLC circuit, discuss the variation of the following quantities with
frequency of the ac source.
R,XL,XC,XL~XC,Z and I (5 Marks)

(3 Marks)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 15
 XL = 2πfL so that XL ∝ f. Therefore, graph between XL and f is a straight line passing
through the origin. Also XC = 1/2 π fC, so that XC ∝ 1/f.
Therefore, graph between XC and f is a hyperbola.

Starting at a very low frequency, XC is high and XL is low and the circuit is
predominantly capacitive. As the frequency is increased,
XC decreases and XL increases until a value is reached (point P) where XL = XC.
At this frequency (fr), the two reactances cancel, making the circuit purely
resistive. This condition is series resonance.
As frequency is increased further (i.e. beyond fr), XL becomes greater than XC and
the circuit is predominantly inductive. Note that at series resonance, the circuit
impedance is minimum and is equal to circuit resistance R. (2 Marks)

b) A choking coil is connected in series with a 20 µF capacitor. With a constant

supply voltage of 200 V, it is found that the circuit takes its maximum
current of 50 A when the supply frequency is 100 Hz. Calculate i) resistance
and inductance of the choking coil and ii) voltage across the capacitor.
(5 Marks)
i) resistance and inductance of the choking coil

(3 Marks)
ii) voltage across the capacitor

(2 Marks)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 16
 18. For a series RLC circuit, draw plots for VC and VL Vs frequency. Hence derive
the expression for the frequency at which the voltage across the capacitor is
maximum. (10 Marks)

(2 Marks)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 17
 (2 Marks)

(2 Marks)

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 18
 (4 Marks)
*****0*****

CIT/EEE/II YEAR/III SEM BE-EEE-/SECTION-II/I MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION/23EE311-ECA-ANSWER KEY-September 2024/ECS PAGE 19