Tech-Interview

Questions

Disclaimer: The views, opinions, and information expressed in this E-book are solely those of the individual authors and do
not necessarily represent the views or opinions of Infosys. The content provided is for informational purposes only and is
not intended to be a substitute for professional advice.

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S/No Questions Page No

1 Outline four fundamental Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts in Java. 3

2 Is it possible to achieve multiple inheritances in Java? 3

3 What distinguishes method overloading from method overriding? 3

4 Differentiate between classes and interfaces in Java 4

5 What are DDL and DML commands in SQL? 4

6 Distinguish between the TRUNCATE and DELETE commands in SQL 4

7 Why indexing in SQL is useful ? 5

8 Differentiate between DDL and DML commands in SQL 5

9 Can you explain the concepts of left outer join and right outer join in SQL? 5

10 What is stored procedure? 6

11 Explain pointers in C++. 6

12 What is meant by a null pointer? 6

13 What is SDLC(Software Development Life Cycle)? 7

14 What are the disadvantages of the Waterfall model? 7

15 Explain about Agile model 7

16 What is DLL and EXE file extension? 7

17 What is a frame in HTML? 8

18 Differentiate between white box and black box testing 8

19 Explain different levels of programming languages 8

20 Write a C++ program to check whether a number is palindrome or not 9

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1. Outline four fundamental Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts in Java.

Data encapsulation: It refers to combining both data and methods into a single
unit called a class. Data encapsulation helps in hiding the data from an external
world.
Data abstraction: Representation of essential features excluding their
background details is known as data abstraction.
Inheritance: Deriving existing class properties into a new class is called
inheritance. A newly derived class is called the subclass(child class) and the
existing class(parent class) is called the base class. It is helpful for the re-usability
of code.
Polymorphism: Polymorphism means the ability of an object to take multiple
forms. In java, compile-time polymorphism is achieved with the help of method
overloading, and run-time polymorphism is achieved with the help of method
Overriding

2. Is it possible to achieve multiple inheritances in Java?

Java lacks direct support for multiple inheritances. However, by utilizing interfaces, we can
achieve multiple inheritances. Implementing multiple interfaces into our program is indeed
feasible.

3. What distinguishes method overloading from method overriding?

Method overloading: This implies that methods share a common name but vary either in the
quantity or type of arguments. This distinction occurs at compile time, hence termed
compile-time polymorphism

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Method overriding: This denotes the capability to designate methods in both a subclass and
superclass with identical names and method signatures, wherein the subclass method
supersedes the superclass method. This process unfolds during runtime, hence termed run-
time polymorphism.

4. Differentiate between classes and interfaces in Java

5. What are DDL and DML commands in SQL?

• DDL stands for Data Definition Language, which encompasses commands utilized to
establish the database schema, including creating and modifying the structure of
database objects. Examples of DDL commands include CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE,
and others

• DML stands for Data Manipulation Language, which consists of commands employed to
alter data within the database. Examples of DML commands include INSERT, UPDATE, and
DELETE.

6. Distinguish between the TRUNCATE and DELETE commands in SQL

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7. Why indexing in SQL is useful ?

An SQL index serves as a rapid lookup table facilitating the retrieval of frequently searched
records. It's designed to be swift, compact, and optimized for efficient look-ups. Indexes are
beneficial for linking relational tables, searching extensive datasets, and swiftly retrieving
data from a database.

8. Differentiate between DDL and DML commands in SQL.

9. Can you explain the concepts of left outer join and right outer join in SQL?

• Left outer join: It returns an entire set of records from the left table along with the
matched records from the right table.
• Right outer join: It returns an entire set of records from the right table along with the
matched records from the left table.

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10. What is stored procedure?

A stored procedure is a cohesive unit comprising a set of statements accessible to

applications interacting with an RDBMS (Relational Database Management System). They
reside in the database's data dictionary and serve purposes such as data validation or
implementing access-control mechanisms.

11. Explain pointers in C++.

Pointers are symbolic representations of addresses. They enable programs to simulate call-
by-reference as well as to create and manipulate dynamic data structures. Iterating over
elements in arrays or other data structures is one of the main use of pointers.

The address of the variable you’re working with is assigned to the pointer variable that points
to the same data type (such as an int or string)

12. What is meant by a null pointer?

• The pointer that does not point to any memory location is called the null pointer. It
implies the pointer is empty and it is not pointing to anywhere within the memory.

• Null pointers can be used for initializing the memory location address with the pointer of
the same data type.

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13. What is SDLC(Software Development Life Cycle)?

14. What are the disadvantages of the Waterfall model?

• Working software is produced only at the end of the life cycle

• Not suitable for complex as well as object-oriented projects.
• Difficult to measure progress within each stage
• Not recommended for the projects where requirements are frequent that may lead to a
high risk of changing. So, this model is having a high amount of risk and uncertainty.
• It is difficult to identify any business or technological bottleneck or challenges early
because integration is done at the end.

15. Explain about Agile model.

• Agile is a software development model that has an iterative approach for software
development that helps teams to deliver value to their customers faster, with greater
quality, with lesser errors, greater ability to respond to change.
• An agile team delivers a product in small increments instead of a “big bang” launch.
Requirements, plans, and result evaluation is continuously done, so teams have a natural
mechanism for a quick response to change.
• Scrum and Kanban are the most frequently used Agile methodologies.

16. What is DLL and EXE file extension?

• EXE file extension is used for executable files, it recognizes the file as a program. It runs
independently. An EXE creates separate memory and process space for it.
• DLL stands for a dynamic link library that has functions and procedures used by other
applications. This DLL can be reused by multiple applications. It will share the same
memory and process space of the calling application.

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17. What is a frame in HTML?

• HTML Frames are useful for dividing browser windows into many parts where each
section is able to load an HTML document separately. A frame collection in the browser
window is called a frameset.
• It permits authors to present HTML documents in multiple views, which might be
subwindows or independent windows. Multiple views provide help to keep specific
information visible, while other views are replaced or scrollable

18. Differentiate between white box and black box testing.

19. Explain different levels of programming languages.

• Low-level Language: Language which is directly understood by the machine is known as

the low-level language (binary language or machine language). It is difficult for a human
being to directly read and do coding in this language.
• Assembly level language: This language will make use of mnemonics, which minimizes the
program complexity. It is quite similar to the computer understandable machine code, but
it uses words in place of numbers.

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• Middle-level Language: It interacts with the abstraction layer of a computer and binds the
gap between high-level and machine-level language. For example, programming languages
like C and C++.
• High-level language: This is the highest level of the programming language in the
technology, which has strong abstraction from the computer hardware details. That
means this kind of programming language does not require hardware knowledge about
computers. This programming language is simple to learn by human beings as it is in the
human-understandable form. For example, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, etc.

20. Write a C++ program to check whether a number is palindrome or not.

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Disclaimer: The views, opinions, and information expressed in this E-book are solely those of the individual authors and do
not necessarily represent the views or opinions of Infosys. The content provided is for informational purposes only and is
not intended to be a substitute for professional advice.