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Experimental No: Title: Joule Equivalent

Joule constant

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nooreldin Idriss fadol adam
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19 views3 pages

Experimental No: Title: Joule Equivalent

Joule constant

Uploaded by

nooreldin Idriss fadol adam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experimental No:

Title: Joule equivalent (To determine the value of J, the mechanical


equivalent of heat by electrical method).

Aim: Determination the thermo mechanical equivalent value (Joule equivalent)


using the electrical method .

Apparatus: Calorimeter, suitable resistance, heat insulation sleeve, DC source,


rheostat, thermometer, weigher, voltmeter, ammeter, and stopwatch.

Theory: When the voltage difference (V) is applied to both ends of a


resistance (R), an electric current (I) passes through the resistance. If this is for a
period of time (t), then the electrical work done on the wire is given by the
following relation.

W = I 2 RT = IVT ……..
Because of this work, the temperature of the wire will rise, which will lead to
heat transfer from it to the water and the calorimeter. When finding the ratio
between the electrical work and the amount of heat that entered the water and
the calorimeter, it is found to be equal to a constant called the Joule constant.

If we put the resistance (R) in a calorimeter containing water and pass a current
through this resistance, then by applying the law of conservation of energy, the
amount of heat lost by the resistance is equal to the amount of heat gained by
the water and the calorimeter

If we symbolize the amount of heat gained by water (QW), then:-

Where (MW) is the mass of water, (CW) is the specific heat of water, ( ) is the
change in temperature of water.
The amount of heat gained by the calorimeter (QC) is:-

Where (MC) is the mass of the calorimeter, and (C C) is the specific heat of the
calorimeter.

From equations (3) and (4) we find that the acquired energy is given by the
relation:-

Since (T1 and T2) are the initial and final temperatures, respectively, of water
and calorimeter, and by substituting equation (1) and (5) in (2), we find that:-

Procedure: Work steps :-

1- Clean and dry the calorimeter, then determine its weight while it is empty
and let it be (Mc).
2- Connect the circle as shown in the following figure

3- Put a quantity of water in the calorimeter until the resistance is immersed


in the water, then record the total weight of the calorimeter with water, let
it be (MC + W).
4- Find the mass of water (MW).
5- Adjust the voltage source to the appropriate voltage.
6- Turn on the power supply and record the initial temperature.
7- When the system temperature rises to five degrees above the initial
temperature, record the final temperature, close the current source, and
record the time reading (t).
8- Substitute for the measured values in relation (6) and find the value of (J).

Observation

Mass of the calorimeter, 𝑚1=69.9 𝑔𝑚


4. Observations:

Mass of the stirrer, 𝑚2=21 𝑔𝑚


Mass of the calorimeter and water, 𝑚 = 226.3 𝑔𝑚
Mass of water, 𝑚3= 𝑚 − 𝑚1=156.4 𝑔𝑚
Specific heat of calorimeter, 𝑆1= 0.0909 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑚−1℃−1
Specific heat of stirrer, 𝑆2= 0.089 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑚−1℃−1
Specific heat of the contents in the calorimeter, 𝑆3= 1 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑚−1℃−1

Results:

iva questions
1. What is a calorimeter? What must be its features?
2. What is the difference between mechanical equivalent of heat and electrical equivalent
of heat?
3. Which one takes less energy to raise the temperature of its one gram through one degree
Celsius; water or aluminum?
4. What precautions would you observe during this experiment.
5. Is there anything else that heats up besides the water and the cup? If so, what? Does this
affect your results?
6. What are some good conductors of heat? Name them.
7. What are some bad conductors of heat? Name them.
8. Usually, good conductors of heat are good conductors of electricity as well. Are there any
good conductors of heat that are bad conductors of electricity?

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