Internal Hinges

Example 6

For the beam shown, use the stiffness method to:

(a) Determine all the reactions at supports.
(b) Draw the quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams
and qualitative deflected shape.
E = 200 GPa, I = 50x10-6 m4.

30 kN
9kN/m
Hinge

2EI EI
A C
B
4m 2m 2m

77
 3 4
2
2EI EI
A C
1 2
1
4m B 2m 2m

θi θj
Use 2x2 stiffness matrix, Mi 4 EI / L 2EI / L 
[k ]2×2 =  
Mj  2EI / L 4 EI / L 

3 1 2 4

3 2EI EI 2 1EI 0.5EI

[k]1 = [k]2 =
1 EI 2EI 4 0.5EI 1EI
1 2
1 2.0 0.0
[K] = EI
2 0.0 1.0
78
 30 kN
9kN/m
Hinge

3 4
2
A C
1 2
1 30 kN
B
12 kN•m 9kN/m 12 kN•m 15 kN•m 15 kN•m
B C
[FEF]
A 1 B 2

Global matrix:
1 2
0.0 1 2.0 0.0 D1 -12
= EI +
0.0 2 0.0 1.0 D2 15

D1 0.0006 rad

D2 = -0.0015 rad
79
 3
12 kN•m 9kN/m 12 kN•m
1
A [FEF]
1 1
A B
B

Member 1:
3 1

q3 3 2EI EI d3 = 0.0 12 18
= + =
q1 1 EI 2EI d1 = 0.0006 -12 0.0

9 kN/m
A B
18 kN•m 1
22.5 kN 13.5 kN

80
 4
15 kN•m 30 kN 15 kN•m
B B C
C
2
2 2

Member 2:
2 4

q2 2 1EI 0.5EI d2 = -0.0015 15 0.0

= + =
q4 4 0.5EI 1EI d4 = 0.0 -15 -22.5

30 kN
B C
22.5 kN•m
9.37 kN 20.63 kN

81
 30 kN
9 kN/m
B C
A 13.5 kN 22.5 kN•m
B 9.37 kN
18 kN•m 20.63 kN
22.5 kN 13.5 kN 22.87 kN 9.37 kN

30 kN
9kN/m
Hinge

EI
2EI
θBL= 0.0006 rad θBR= -0.0015 rad
A C
B
4m 2m 2m

22.5
9.37
V (kN) + x (m)
2.5 m
-13.5
-20.63
18.75
10.13
M + +
(kN•m) -
- - x (m)
-18
-22.5 82
Example 7

For the beam shown, use the stiffness method to:

(a) Determine all the reactions at supports.
(b) Draw the quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams
and qualitative deflected shape.
E = 200 GPa, I = 50x10-6 m4.

20 kN
9kN/m

2EI EI
Hinge
A B C
4m 4m

83
 5 7
1 3
4 2EI EI 6
1 2
A 2 B C

4 5 1 2
4 0.375EI 0.75EI - 0.375EI 0.75EI
5 0.75EI 2EI -0.75EI EI
[k]1 = 1 -0.375EI -0.75EI 0.375EI -0.75EI 1 2 3
2 0.75EI EI -0.75EI 2EI/L
1 0.5625 -0.75 0.375

[K] = EI 2 -0.75 2.0 0

3 0.375 0.0 1.0
1 3 6 7
1 0.1875EI 0.375EI - 0.1875EI 0.375EI
3 0.375EI EI -0.375EI 0.5EI
[k]2 = 6 -0.1875EI -0.375EI 0.1875EI -0.375EI
7 0.375EI 0.5EI -0.375EI EI

84
 9kN/m 20 kN
B
A C
5 7
1 3
4 2EI EI 6
1 2
A 2 B C
9kN/m
12 kN•m 12 kN•m
A 1 B
18 kN [FEM] 18 kN
Global:
1 2 3
Q1 = -20 1 0.5625 -0.75 0.375 D1 18
Q2 = 0.0 = EI 2 -0.75 2.0 0 D2 + -12
Q3 = 0.0 3 0.375 0.0 1.0 D3 0.0

D1 -0.02382 m
D2 = -0.008333 rad
D3 0.008933 rad
85
 5 9kN/m
1
4 2EI 2 12 kN•m 12 kN•m
1 A 1 B
A B 18 kN [FEF] 18 kN
Member 1:
4 5 1 2
q4 4 0.375EI 0.75EI - 0.375EI 0.75EI d4 = 0.0 18 44.83
q5 5 0.75EI 2EI -0.75EI EI d5 = 0.0 12 107.32
= + =
q1 1 -0.375EI -0.75EI 0.375EI -0.75EI d1 = -0.02382 18 -8.83
q2 2 0.75EI EI -0.75EI 2EI/L d2 = -0.00833 -12 0.0

107.32 kN•m 9kN/m

A B
1
8.83 kN
44.83 kN

86
 7
1
EI 6
2
B 3 C

Member 2:
1 3 6 7
q1 1 0.1875EI 0.375EI - 0.1875EI 0.375EI d1 = -0.02382 0 -11.16
q3 3 0.375EI EI -0.375EI 0.5EI d3 = 0.008933 0 0.0
q6
=6 -0.1875EI -0.375EI 0.1875EI -0.375EI d6= 0.0
+ 0
=
11.16
q7 7 0.375EI 0.5EI -0.375EI EI d7= 0.0 0 -44.66

B C
44.66 kN•m
2
11.16 kN
11.16 kN

87
 20 kN
9kN/m

A
θBL= -0.008333 rad B θBR= 0.008933 rad C
4m 4m

107.32 kN•m 9kN/m

B C
A B 44.66 kN•m
1 2
44.83 kN 8.83 kN 11.16 kN
11.16 kN
44.83

V (kN) + 8.83 x (m)

-
-11.16 -11.16
M
(kN•m)
x (m)
-
- -44.66

-107.32 88