Full Name: Student ID:

1. Patients arriving at an outpatient clinic follow an exponential distribution with a rate of 15 patients per hour. What
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is the probability that a randomly chosen arrival occurs more than 5 minutes after the previous one? µ = =
λ
15/60( per minute) → λ = 0.25
Answer: P (X > 5) = 1 − P (X ≤ 5) = e−(0.25)(5) ≈ 0.2865
2. Suppose a study of houses that have sold recently in your community showed the following frequency distribution for
the number of bedrooms:

Bedrooms 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency 1 18 140 57 11

Based on the given information, determine the mean, median, mode of this dataset, respectively?
Answer: mean = 3.26, median = 3, mode = 3, range = 5 - 1 = 4
3. Compute the sample standard deviation of the heights (in inches) of the 10 men with the heights of 64.9, 65, 65.5, 65.7,
64.3, 66.1, 63.8, 64.5, 66.1, 65.2.
Answer: s ≈ 0.765
4. A random sample of size n1 = 16 is selected from a normal population with a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 8.
A second random sample of size n2 = 9 is taken from another normal population with mean 70 and standard deviation
12. Let X̄1 and X̄2 be the two sample means. Find the probability that X̄1 − X̄2 exceeds 4.
!
4 − (75 − 70)
Answer: P (X̄1 − X̄2 > 4) = P ZX̄1 −X̄2 > r = P (ZX̄1 −X̄2 > −0.2236) ≈ 0.5885
82 122
+
16 9
5. At a sawmill in Oregon, a process improvement team measured the diameters for a sample of 1,500 logs. The following
summary statistics were computed: Q1 = 8.9 in, Q2 = 13.5 in, Q3 = 15.6 in, x̄ = 14.2 in
Given this information, which of the following statements is appropriate?
A. No tree will have a diameter of more than 15.6 in.
B. Fifty percent of the trees in the sample will have diameters between 8.9 in and 15.6 in.
C. Virtually all of the data should fall between 0 in and 25.65 in.
D. Seventy five percent of the trees in the sample will have diameter between 13.5 in and 15.6 in.
6. An economist wants to estimate the average income of consumers in a region with a 95% confidence interval. The
population standard deviation is known to be $1,000. From a preliminary sample of 50 individuals, the average income
was $15,000. What is the minimum sample size required to ensure that the width of the 95% confidence interval for
the population mean income does not exceed $1,000?
σ 1000
Answer: z0.025 √ = (1.96) √ = 500. Hence n = 15.3664 ≈ 16
n n
7. Create a box plot for the following given dataset which recorded the exercise pulse rates collected from 20 students in
your class

100 113 115 115 116 118 123 125 136 136
138 140 142 145 147 149 150 160 163 164

Answer: min = 100, Q1 = 117, median = 137, Q3 = 148, max = 164

8. Which of the following statements is false about the t distribution?

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 A. The t distribution is bell-shaped distribution.
B. When the sample size is sufficiently large, the t-distribution closely resembles the standard normal distribution.
C. The t-distribution has less area in the tails and more in the center compared to the standard normal
distribution.
D. The mean of the t-distribution is equal to 0.
9. For a normal population with known variance σ 2 , find the confident level corresponding to the following constructed
confidence interval
σ σ
x̄ − 2.326 √ ≤ µ ≤ x̄ + 2.326 √
n n

Answer: zα/2 = 2.326 → α/2 = P (Z < −2.326) = 0.01 → α = 0.02. Hence the confidence level is 98%

10. In a production process for ferrite magnets used in electronic meters, the average defect rate is 8%. If 300 magnets are
randomly selected, what is the probability that the number of defective magnets is greater than 24 and smaller than
30? (Hint: Normal approximation to Binomial/Poisson distributions)
24.5 − (300)(0.08)
Answer: P (24 < X < 30) = P (25 ≤ X ≤ 29) = P (25 − 0.5 < X < 29 + 0.5) = P p < Z <
(300)(0.08)(0.92)
!
29.5 − (300)(0.08)
p .
(300)(0.08)(0.92)
Hence P (0.106 < Z < 1.170) ≈ 0.337
11. Calculate the point estimate for the variance of the iPhone 13’s web browsing battery life based on the following sample.
The battery life observations are: 4, 4, 3, 5.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.5, 3.5, 5, 4.
Answer: point estimate is s2 ≈ 0.873
12. From a sample of 1000 randomly selected cases of lung cancer, 731 resulted in death within 10 years. Determine the
97% upper confidence bound for the death rate due to lung cancer.
r r
p̂(1 − p̂ (0.731)(0.269)
Answer: p̂ + z0.03 = 0.731 + (1.881) = 0.731 + 0.026 ≈ 0.757
n 1000
13. In a study conducted by a catalog company, it was found that customers’ waiting times on hold before ordering a
product follow an exponential distribution with a mean of 3 minutes. What is the proportion of customers who will
hang up before placing an order if they have to wait more than 1.5 minutes?
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Answer: P (X > 1.5) = 1 − P (X ≤ 1.5) = e− 3 (1.5) ≈ 0.6065
14. Here are the grade point averages of 10 randomly selected high school students. Assuming the grade point averages
follow a normal distribution, create a 98% confidence interval to estimate the population mean grade point average
based on the sample data provided.
2.0, 3.2, 1.8, 2.9, 0.9, 4.0, 3.3, 2.9, 3.6, 0.8
s 1.11
Answer: x̄ = 2.54 and s = 1.11. Hence, x̄ ± t0.01,9 √ = 2.54 ± (2.82) √ = 2.54 ± 0.99 = (1.55, 3.53)
n 10
Let z0.02 = 2.05, t0.02,9 = 2.40, z0.01 = 2.33, t0.01,9 = 2.82
15. Assuming that the weights (in kilograms) of children with non-smoking and smoking mothers both follow a normal
distribution with standard deviations of 0.576 and 0.776, respectively, and given the data from two random samples
from these groups: n1 = 20, x¯1 = 3.4 and n2 = 17, x¯2 = 3.2. What is the width of the 95% confidence interval for the
difference in population means?
s r
σ12 σ22 0.5762 0.7762
Answer: 2 × z0.025 + = 2 × (1.96) + = 2 × 0.447 ≈ 0.894
n1 n2 20 17

16. Based on a survey of 300 union members in New York State, estimate the true proportion of all union members in New
York State who favor the Republican candidate for governor by constructing a 92% confidence interval.
r r
p̂(1 − p̂ (0.4)(0.6)
Answer: p̂ ± z0.04 = 0.4 ± (1.751) = 0.4 ± 0.05 = (0.35, 0.45)
n 300

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17. Given that the time required for an oil and filter change on an automobile follows a normal distribution with a mean of
45 minutes and a standard deviation of 10 minutes, and a sample of 16 cars is randomly selected, what is the sample
mean time for an oil and filter change that corresponds to the 85th percentile of the sampling distribution of the sample
mean?
Answer: P (X̄ < m) = P (ZX̄ < Zm ) = 0.85. Hence Zm = 1.036 → X̄ = Zm √σ5 + µ = (1.036) 10
4 + 45 = 47.59

18. Suppose a random variable Y has Poisson distribution with a mean of 1100. Use Normal approximation to Poisson
distribution to estimate P (Y > 950).
(951 − 0.5) − 1100
Answer: P (Y > 950) = P (Y ≥ 951) = P (ZY > √ ) = P (ZY > −4.508) ≈ 1
1100
19. The compressive strength of concrete is normally distributed with µ = 2500 psi and σ = 50 psi. Find the probability
that a random sample of n = 5 specimens will have a sample mean diameter that falls in the interval from 2499 psi to
2510 psi.
!
2499 − 2500 2510 − 2500
Answer: P (2499 < X̄ < 2510) = P √ <Z< √ = P (−0.0447 < Z < 0.4472) ≈ 0.19046
50/ 5 50/ 5

20. A random sample of 50 suspension helmets used by motorcycle riders and automobile race-car drivers was subjected to
an impact test, and some damage was observed on 18 of these helmets. How many helmets must be tested to be 96%
confident that the error in estimating p is less than 0.02? D
r r
p̂(1 − p̂) (0.36)(0.64)
Answer: z0.02 = (2.054) = 0.02. Hence n ≈ 2431
n n