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COR AD
101
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Submitted By:
Jebie A. Tanutan
BSCRIM 3-B

Submitted To:
Nelly S. Supiter
 Table of
Contents
Title ------------------------------------------------------------ 1
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New Bilibid Prison ------------------------------------------2
Correctional Institution for Women --------------------3
Ihawig Prison and Penal Farm ---------------------------4
Davao Prison and Penal Farm ----------------------------5
San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm ---------------------6
Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm ------------------------7
Leyte Regional Prison --------------------------------------8
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology -----------9
District Jail---------------------------------------------------10
City Jail -------------------------------------------------------11
Municipal Jail ----------------------------------------------12
Department of Social Welfare ------------------------ 13
And Development
Elmira Reformatory ----------------------------------14-15
The Mark System -------------------------------------16-18
by Alexander Movonochi
Past and Present Status of Prison -----------------19-25
Irish System -------------------------------------------- 26-27
 The 7 Penal
Page | 4
Colony and Farm
in the Philippines
under the BuCor

1
 1. New Bilibid Prison
(NBP)
The new Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa, Philippines, is
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the main insular penitentiary designed to house the
prison population of the Philippines. It is maintained
by the Bureau of Correction (BuCor) under the
Department of Justice. As of October 2004, it has an
inmate population of 16,747. The penitentiary had an
initial land area of 551 hectares. One hundred four
hectares of the facility were transferred to a housing
project of the Department of Justice. The Bureau of
Corrections has its headquarters in the NBP
Reservation.

2
2.Correctional Institution
for Women (CIW)
The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) is a
women’s
Page |prison
6 located in Mandaluyong, Metro
Manila, Philippines. The prison is operated by the
Bureau of Corrections. It was inaugurated in
September 18,2007, the second institution which
branched out from the first and only penal
establishment dedicated in rehabilitating female
offenders.

3
3. Ihawig Prison and
Penal Farm
It is one of seven operating units of the Bureau
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of Corrections under the Department of Justice.
The Spanish Regime had earlier designated
Puerto Princesa, Palawan as a place where
offenders sentenced to banished only during the
American Occupation.

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 4. Davao Prison
and Penal Farm
Davao Prison and Penal Farm formerly known
Page
as the | 8 Penal Colony, the Davao Prison
Davao
and Penal Farm was built on January 21,1932.
Located at Santo Tomas, Davao Del Norte.
Mostly devoted to abaca and banana plantation.
In 1942, it was used as a concentration camp for
American Prisoners of War. It has land area of
30,000 hectares with a prison reservation of
8,000 hectares. During World War II.

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 5. San Ramon
Prison and Penal
Farm
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The San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm is situated
in Zamboanga City, Philippines. It was established to
house the Muslim rebels and prisoners opposing the
Spanish leadership. The prison is right in front of the
Jolo Sea and is sprawled within a 1,414-hectare
property. Due to the havoc wreaked by the Spanish-
American war, the penal farm was destroyed. In
1907, it was then re-established and started to house
prisoners from Mindanao. By 1915, it was placed
under the protection of the Bureau of Prison.

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 6. Sablayan Prison
and Penal Farm
Nearer to Manila than other penal colonies, the
Sablayan Penal Colony is located in Occidental
Page |and
Mindoro 10relatively new. Established on
September 26,1954 by virtue of Presidential
Proclamation No. 72, the penal colony has a total
land area of approximately16,190 hectares. The
penal colony is designed for minimum security
prisoners. Primary product is RICE that is used also
to supply the NBP. Principal Activity and Product is
Agriculture and product is Agricultural Rice not only
for the use of the use of inmates of the colony but
also supplying some rice needs of the NBP.

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 7. Leyte Regional
Prison
It was established a year after the declaration of
martial
Pagelaw in 1972 by virtue of Presidential Decree
| 11
No. 28. The LRP has an inmate capacity of 500. It
follows the same agricultural format as the main
correctional program in addition to some rehabilitation
activities. The prison admits convicted offenders from
Region VI and from the National penitentiary in
Muntinlupa.

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 Bureau of Jail
Management
and Penology
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The Bureau of Jail Management and

Penology (BJMP) is a government

agency in the Philippines responsible

for overseeing and managing jails

at the city, municipal, and district

10
levels. Its primary mandate is the
safekeeping and rehabilitation of
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 District Jail
A district jail is a correctional facility that typically
serves as a holding or detention center for individuals
awaiting trial, sentencing, or serving short-term
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sentences. It is managed by local or regional
authorities, often at the district level, and is designed

to house individuals arrested or convicted of lesser

offenses compared to those sent to state or federal

prisons, which hold inmates serving longer

sentences for more serious crimes. The conditions in

district jails can vary, but they generally serve a

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 City Jail
A city jail is a detention facility operated by a city or

municipal government. It is typically used to hold

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individuals arrested for minor offenses or

misdemeanors, as well as those awaiting

arraignment, bail, or transfer to a county or district

jail. In many cases, people are only held in a city

jail for a short period, usually up to 72 hours, before

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 Municipal Jail

A municipal jail is a detention facility operated by a

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municipality, typically a town or city, similar to a city
jail. It is used to hold individuals arrested for minor
offenses, violations of local ordinances, or
misdemeanors within that municipality. Detainees in

a municipal jail are usually held for a short time,

often awaiting a court hearing, bail, or transfer to a

larger facility such as a county or district jail.

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 Department of
Social Welfare and
Development
Page
The | 16
Department of Social Welfare and Development

(DSWD) is a government agency in the Philippines

responsible for providing social protection and

promoting the families, and communities. Its

primary functions include implementing social

welfare programs, delivering assistance to

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 Elmira Reformatory
ELMIRA REFORMATORY, A PRISON REFORM
INITIATIVE FROM THE LATE 19TH CENTURY IN
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ELMIRA, NEW YORK, THE ELMIRA
REFORMATORY WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1876, LED
BY ZEBULON BROCKWAY, AND AIMED TO
REFORM RATHER THAN PUNISH INMATES. IT
FOCUSED ON EDUCATING FIRST-TIME

OFFENDERS AND OFFERING VOCATIONAL

TRAINING, MORAL INSTRUCTION, AND MILITARY

DRILLS TO PREPARE PRISONERS FOR LIFE

AFTER INCARCERATION. BROCKWAY BELIEVED

THAT INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION,

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THIS REFORMATORY SYSTEM WAS

GROUNDBREAKING AT THE TIME AND

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INSPIRED SIMILAR REFORMS IN PRISONS

ACROSS THE U.S. HOWEVER, DESPITE ITS

FOCUS ON REHABILITATION, BROCKWAY’S

HARSH DISCIPLINARY PRACTICES, SUCH AS

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The Mark System by
Alexander
Movonochie
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THE MARK SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPED BY
ALEXANDER MACONOCHIE, A SCOTTISH NAVAL
OFFICER, GEOGRAPHER, AND PENAL REFORMER, IN
THE 19TH CENTURY AS A SYSTEM FOR THE
REHABILITATION OF PRISONERS. MACONOCHIE
IMPLEMENTED THE SYSTEM DURING HIS TIME AS
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE PENAL COLONY ON
NORFOLK ISLAND, WHERE CONVICTS WERE SENT
FROM BRITAIN. KEY FEATURES OF THE MARK
SYSTEM INCLUDE:

1. MARKS FOR BEHAVIOR AND WORK: PRISONERS

WERE NOT SENTENCED TO A FIXED TIME BUT
INSTEAD HAD TO EARN A CERTAIN NUMBER OF
MARKS THROUGH GOOD BEHAVIOR, HARD WORK,
AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS. THESE MARKS
COULD BE EARNED OR LOST DEPENDING ON
CONDUCT.
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2. STAGES OF FREEDOM: THE SYSTEM INCLUDED
DIFFERENT STAGES OF PENAL DISCIPLINE. AS
PRISONERS EARNED MARKS, THEY COULD
ADVANCE THROUGH THESE STAGES, ULTIMATELY
LEADING TO THEIR RELEASE.
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3. REHABILITATION FOCUS: THE AIM OF THE
SYSTEM WAS TO REHABILITATE PRISONERS
THROUGH REWARDING RESPONSIBILITY AND
GOOD BEHAVIOR, MOVING AWAY FROM
PUNISHMENT ALONE. IT SOUGHT TO PREPARE
PRISONERS FOR REINTEGRATION INTO SOCIETY
BY MAKING THEIR RELEASE CONDITIONAL ON
THEIR PERSONAL IMPROVEMENT.

4. INDETERMINATE SENTENCINGMACONOCHIE
ADVOCATED FOR SENTENCES TO BE
INDETERMINATE, WITH RELEASE DEPENDENT ON
EARNING ENOUGH MARKS, RATHER THAN
SERVING A SET TIME.

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5. MOCONOCHIE IDEAS WERE REVOLUTIONARY
FOR THEIR TIME, EMPHASIZING
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REHABILITATION OVER RETRIBUTION, AND
HAVE INFLUENCED MODERN CORRECTIONAL
APPROACHES, ESPECIALLY WITH THE
CONCEPT OF PAROLE AND THE PROGRESSIVE
STAGE SYSTEM USED IN MANY PRISONS
TODAY. HOWEVER, HIS REFORMS WERE SEEN
AS RADICAL, AND AFTER BEING REMOVED
FROM HIS POSITION, MANY OF HIS CHANGES
WERE UNDONE. DESPITE THIS, HIS IDEAS LAID
THE FOUNDATION FOR MORE HUMANE
TREATMENT OF PRISONERS.

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 Past and Present Status of Prison

t
The status of prisoners has evolved dramatically over time,
from harsh punitive measures in the past to more humane
and Page | 22 approaches in many parts of the world
rehabilitative
today. Here's an overview of the past and present status of
prisoners:

Past Status of Prisoners Present Status of Prisoner

1. Ancient and Medieval

1. Legal Rights and
Times:
Protections:
Punitive Approach: Prisons
International Human Rights:
were often places of
Modern prisoners are
extreme punishment rather
entitled to various rights
than rehabilitation. Torture,
under international law,
corporal punishment, and
execution were common. including protection from
torture, cruel treatment, and
Brutal Conditions: the right to a fair trial.
Overcrowded and Instruments like the United
unsanitary conditions were Nations Standard Minimum
the norm, with little regard Rules for the Treatment of
for prisoner welfare. Prisoners (also known as the
Dungeons and other crude Nelson Mandela Rules)

facilities were used to hold

prisoners. 19
No Rights: Prisoners set global standards for
had virtually no legal prisoner treatment.
rights. They were often
Due Process: In most
held without trial or
countries today,
due process, especially
prisoners have the right
in feudal and monarchic
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societies.
to due process,
meaning they must be
Debt Prisons: In places charged with a crime,
like England, people have a fair trial, and be
could be imprisoned for sentenced according to
debt, and entire the law.
families could be jailed
together until the debt
was repaid.

Slave Labor: Prisoners

were often forced into
hard labor, such as
building roads, working
in mines, or other
physically demanding
tasks.

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2. 19th Century Penal 2. Rehabilitation Focus:
Reforms:
Education and
Punishment to Reform: By Vocational Training:
the 1800s, especially with Many prison systems
the development of the offer education
Page
"Irish | 24(mentioned
System"
programs, vocational
earlier), the focus began
to shift from purely training, and therapy to
punitive measures to the help prisoners
reform and rehabilitation reintegrate into society
of prisoners. upon release.

Penitentiary Movement: Mental Health and

The concept of the Addiction Services: There
"penitentiary" (a place for is growing recognition of
penitence and reform) mental health issues and
began in the late 18th substance abuse
century. The Quaker- problems among the
inspired Philadelphia incarcerated. Many
system, for example, modern prisons provide
advocated solitary counseling, addiction
confinement for treatment programs, and
reflection and moral other support services.
reform, though it often
led to mental
deterioration.

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 3. Alternatives to
Incarceration:
Transportation: Britain
sent prisoners to colonies Restorative Justice: Some
like Australia as an countries have
alternative to execution, implemented restorative
though justice programs, where
Pagethis| practice
25 ended the goal is to reconcile
by the mid-19th century.
the offender with the
victim and community
rather than simply
punish the offender.

Probation and Parole:

These are now common
systems in many
countries, allowing
prisoners to serve part of
their sentence outside
prison under supervision.

Community Service and

Electronic Monitoring:
Some prisoners,
especially for non-violent
offenses, can serve their
sentences through

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 community service or under
house arrest with electronic
monitoring devices.

4. Challenges in Modern
Prisons: Overcrowding:
Despite reforms,
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major issue in many prisons
worldwide, leading to
inhumane conditions.

Private Prisons: In countries

like the United States,
private prison systems have
been criticized for
prioritizing profit over
rehabilitation, often leading
to poor conditions and
insufficient rehabilitation
programs.

Recidivism: Many modern

prisons struggle with high
recidivism rates, indicating
that rehabilitation efforts

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 are often insufficient or
ineffective.

Page | 27 Prisoner Abuse: Despite

international standards,
reports of abuse, poor
healthcare, and violence in
prisons persist in many
countries.

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 Conclusion
While the status of prisoners
has
Pagesignificantly
| 28 improved
over time, moving from a
focus on punishment to a
more rehabilitative and
rights-based approach,
challenges remain. Efforts to
balance punishment,
rehabilitation, and human
rights continue to evolve, but
much work remains to be
done to ensure that prisoners
are treated with dignity and
have a fair chance at
reintegration into society.
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 The "Irish System" refers to a 19th-
century penal reform system developed in
Ireland, which influenced modern prison
systems. It was created by Sir Walter Crofton in
the 1850s and was based on a progressive stage
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system for prisoners. The main idea was to
gradually move prisoners from strict
confinement to increasing levels of freedom,
based on their behavior and rehabilitation
progress.

Key features of the Irish System included:

1. Stages of Confinement: Prisoners passed

through various stages, starting with strict
incarceration and progressing to less restrictive
environments as they demonstrated good
behavior.

2. Conditional Release: Prisoners could be

released early on a form of parole if they had
shown consistent good behavior and
rehabilitation.
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3. Ticket-of-Leave: This was a license granted to
prisoners who had served a portion of their
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sentence
They could live outside the prison under
supervision but had to report regularly to
authorities.

4. Emphasis on Rehabilitation: The system

focused on preparing prisoners for
reintegration into society through education,
training, and moral guidance.

The Irish System had a significant influence on

the development of parole and probation
systems in many countries.

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