SYMBIOSIS OPEN EDUCATION SOCIETY’S

SYMBIOSIS JUNIOR COLLEGE

(Arts, Science and Commerce – English Medium)
Kiwale, Pune – 412101, UDISE No. 27252001414
XIIth Science Physics Question bank

L.No. 1 - ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS

(1) Derive an expression for kinetic energy, when a rigid body is rolling on a horizontal
surface without slipping. Hence find kinetic energy for a solid sphere. (March 2013) (3)

(2) A particle of mass m, just completes the vertical circular motion. Derive the expression
for the difference in tensions at the highest and the lowest points. (March 2013) (3)

(3) For a particle performing uniform circular motion v=ω x r, obtain an expression for linear
acceleration of the particle performing non-uniform circular motion. (Feb. 2014) (2)
(4) State and prove the theorem of 'parallel axes'. (Feb. 2014, 2016) (4)
(5) State the law of conservation of angular momentum and explain with a suitable example.
(Oct. 2014; July 2022) (2)
(6) Draw a diagram showing all components of forces acting on a vehicle moving on a curved
banked road.
Write the necessary equation for maximum safety, speed and state the significance of each
term involved in it. (Oct. 2014) (3)
(7) In circular motion, assuming v=ω x r, obtain an expression for the resultant acceleration
of a particle in terms of tangential and radial component. (Feb. 2015) (2)
(8) State the theorem of parallel axes and theorem of perpendicular axes about moment of
inertia. (Feb. 2015) (2)
(9) State an expression for the moment of inertia of a solid uniform disc, rotating about an
axis passing through its centre, perpendicular to its plane. Hence derive an expression for the
moment of inertia and radius of gyration:
(i) about a tangent in the plane of the disc, and (ii) about a tangent perpendicular to the plane
of the disc. (Oct. 2015) (4)
(10) Draw a neat labelled diagram of conical pendulum. State the expression for its periodic
time in terms of length. (Oct. 2015) (2)
(11) In U. C. M. (Uniform Circular Motion), prove the relation v=ω x r, where symbols have
their usual meanings. (Feb. 2016) (2)
(12) Obtain an expression for total kinetic energy of a rolling body in the form (Feb. 2016)
(2)
(13) Obtain an expression for torque acting on a body rotating with uniform angular
acceleration. (July 2016, 2017) (3)
(14) Draw a neat labelled diagram showing the various forces and their components acting on
a vehicle moving along curved banked road. (July 2016) (2)
(15) Explain the concept of centripetal force. (March 2017) (2)
(16) Explain the physical significance of radius of gyration. (July 2017) (2)
(17) Define moment of inertia. State its SI unit and dimensions. (October 2008, March 2018)
(3)
(18) Distinguish between centripetal force and centrifugal force. (March 2009, 2010, 2018)
(2)
(19) State and prove the law of conservation of angular momentum. (March 2011, 2018; Oct.
2011, 2015; Feb. 2023) (2)
(20) Define radius of gyration. Explain its physical significance. (March 2008, 2019, July
2018) (2)
(21) What is the value of tangential acceleration in U.C.M.? (March 2019) (1)
(22) Obtain expressions of energy of a particle at different positions in the vertical circular
motion. (March 2019) (3)
(23) Define U.C.M. Name the forces acting on a body executing non-uniform circular
motion. (July 2019) (2)
(24) Explain the principle of conservation of angular momentum with the help of two
appropriate examples. (July 2019) (2)
(25) Define uniform circular motion. (March 2020) (1)
(26) Obtain the relation between the magnitude of linear acceleration and angular
acceleration in circular motion. (March 2020) (2)
(27) State and prove the principle of parallel axes in rotational motion
(March 2020) (3)
(28) State the formula for moment of inertia of solid sphere about an axis passing through its
center. (Oct. 2021) (1)
(29) Using the energy conservation, derive the expression for minimum speeds at different
locations along a circular motion controlled by gravity. (Oct. 2021) (4)
(30) Define moment of inertia of a rotating rigid body, State its SI Unit and dimensions.
(March 2022) (2)
(31) Derive an expression for the kinetic energy of a body rotating with a uniform angular
speed. (March 2022) (2)
(32) Derive an expression for kinetic energy of a rotating body. (July 2022) (3)
(33) If friction is made zero for a road, can a vehicle move safely on this road? (Feb. 2023)
(1)
(34) Derive an expression for linear velocity at lowest position, midway position and the top-
most position for a particle revolving in a vertical circle, if it has to just complete circular
motion without string slackening at top. (Feb. 2023) (4)
Problems:
(1) A car of mass 1500 kg rounds a curve of radius 250 m at 90 km/hour. Calculate the
centripetal force acting on it. [Ans. 3750 N] (March 2013) (2)
(2) A wheel of moment of inertia 1 kgm2 is rotating at a speed of 40 rad/s. Due to friction on
the axis,the wheel comes to rest in 10 minutes. Calculate the angular momentum of the
wheel, two minutes before it comes to rest. [Ans. 8 kg m2/s] (March 2013) (2)
(3) A ballet dancer spins about a vertical axis at 2.5n rad/sec. with his both arms outstretched.
With the arms folded, the moment of inertia about the same axis of rotation changes by 25%.
Calculate the new rotation in r.p.m. [Ans. 100 r.p.m] (Oct 2013)
(4) A racing car completes 5 rounds on a circular track in 2 minutes. Find the radius of the
track if the car has uniform centripetal acceleration of π2 m/s2. [Ans. 144 m] (Oct 2013)
(5) In a conical pendulum, a string of length 120 cm is fixed at rigid support and carries a
mass of 150 g at its free end. If the mass is revolved in a horizontal circle of radius 0.2 m
around a vertical axis, calculate tension in the string (g-=9.8 m/s²) [Ans. 1.491 N] (Oct 2013)
(3)
(6) A stone of mass 1 kg is whirled in horizontal circle attached at the end of a 1 m long
string. If the string makes an angle of 300 with vertical, calculate the centripetal force acting
on the stone. (g-=9.8 m/s²) [Ans. 5.658 N] (Feb. 2014) (2)
(7) A solid cylinder of uniform density of radius 2 cm has mass of 50 g. If its length is 12 cm,
calculate its moment of inertia about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to
its length. [Ans. 650 g.cm2] (Feb. 2014) (2)
(8) A body starts rotating from rest. Due to a couple of 20 Nm it completes 60 revolutions in
one minute. Find the moment of inertia of the body. [Ans. 95.51 kg.m²] (Oct. 2014) (3)
(9) A stone of mass 5 kg, tied to one end of a rope of length 0.8 m, is whirled in a vertical
circle. Find the minimum velocity at the highest point and at the midway point. (g-=9.8 m/s²)
[Ans. 4.484 m/s] (Oct 2014) (2)
(10) The spin dryer of a washing machine rotating at 15 r.p.s. slows down to 5 r.p.s. after
making 50 revolutions. Find its angular acceleration. [Ans. 12.56 rad/s²] (Feb. 2015) (2)
(11) A horizontal disc is freely rotating about a transverse axis passing through its centre at
the rate of 100 revolutions per minute. A 20gram blob of wax falls on the disc and sticks to
the disc at a distance of 5 cm from its axis. Moment of inertia of the disc about its axis
passing through its centre of mass is 2x 10-4 kg m² Calculate the new frequency of rotation of
the disc. [Ans. 80 r.p.m] (Feb. 2015) (3)
(12) A stone of mass 100 g attached to a string of length 50 cm is whirled in a vertical circle
by giving velocity at lowest point as 7 m/s. Find the velocity at the highest point.
(Acceleration due to gravity 9.8 m/s²). [Ans. 5.422 m/s] (Oct. 2015) (3)
(13) A coin kept at a distance of 5 cm from the centre of a turntable of radius 1.5 m just
begins to slip when the turntable rotates at a speed of 90 r.p.m. Calculate the coefficient of
static friction between the coin and the turntable. (g-=9.8 m/s²) [Ans. 0.4533] (Feb. 2016) (2)
(14) A stone of mass 2 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle attached at the end of 1.5 m long
string. If the string makes an angle of 30° with vertical, compute its period. (9-9.8 m/s) [Ans.
2.291 s] (July 2016) (2)
(15) A uniform solid sphere has a radius 0.1 m and density 6 x 103 kg/m³. Find its moment
of inertia about a tangent to its surface. [Ans. 0.3485 kg m2]
(16) A solid sphere of mass 1 kg rolls on a table with linear speed 2 m/s, find its total kinetic
energy. [Ans. 2.8 J] (March 2017) (2)
(17) A vehicle is moving on a circular track whose surface is inclined towards the horizontal
at an angle of 10°. The maximum velocity with which it can move safely is 36 km/hr.
Calculate the length of the circular track. [ π=3.142] [Ans. 363.7 m] (March 2017) (3)
(18) A small body of a mass 0.3 kg oscillates in vertical plane with the help of a string 0.5 m
long with a constant speed of 2 m/s. It makes an angle of 60° with the vertical. Calculate
tension in the string. (g=9.8 m/s²). [Ans. 3.87 N] (July 2017) (2)
(19) A uniform solid sphere has radius 0.2 m and density 8 x103 kg m2. Find the moment of
inertia about the tangent to its surface. ([ π=3.142] [Ans. 15.02 kg m²] July 2017) (3)
(20) A flat curve on a highway has a radius of curvature 400 m. A car goes around a curve at
a speed of 32 m/s. What is the minimum value of coefficient of friction that will prevent the
car from sliding? (g=9.8 m/s²) [Ans. 0.21612] (March 2018) (2)
(21) The frequency of revolution of a particle performing circular motion changes from 60
r.p.m to 180 r.p.m. in 20 seconds. Calculate the angular acceleration of the particle. (π=3.142)
(Ans. 0.628 rad/s²] (July 2018) (3)
(22) A meter gauge train is moving at 72 km/hr along a curved railway of radius of curvature
500 m at a certain place. Find the elevation of outer rail above the inner rail so that there is no
side pressure on the rail. (g-9.8 m/s²) [Ans. 0.08163 m] July 2018) (3)
(23) A solid sphere of diameter 50 cm and mass 25 kg rotates about an axis through its
centre. Calculate its moment of inertia. If its angular velocity changes from 2 rad/s to 1 rad/s
in 5 seconds, calculate the torque applied. [Ans. I = 0.625 kg. m²; t =1.25 N-m] (July 2018)
(3)
(24) A wheel of moment of inertia 1 kg m² is rotating at a speed of 30 rad/s. Due to friction
on the axis, it comes to rest in 10 minutes. Calculate the average torque of the friction. [Ans. -
0.05 N-m] (March 2019) (2)
(25) The radius of gyration of a body about an axis, at a distance of 0.4 m from its centre of
mass is 0.5 m. Find its radius of gyration about a parallel axis passing through its centre of
mass. [Ans. 0.3 m] (March 2019) (2)
(26) A car rounds a curve of radius 625 m with a speed of 45 m/s. What is the minimum
value of coefficient of friction which prevents the car from sliding? [Ans. 0.3306] (July 2019)
(2)
(27) Find the frequency of revolution of a round disco stage revolving with an angular speed
of 300 degree/second. [Ans. 0.8333 Hz] (July 2019) (2)
(28) Energy of 1000 J is spent to increase the angular speed of a wheel from 20 rad/s to 30
rad/s. Calculate the moment of inertia of the wheel. [Ans. 4 kg.m²] (March 2020) (2)
(29) In a circus, a motor-cyclist having mass of 50 kg moves in a spherical cage of radius 3m.
Calculate the last velocity with which he must pass the highest point without losing contact.
Also calculate his angular speed at the highest point. [Ans. 5.422 m/s; 1.807 rad/s] (March
2020) (3)
(30) A motor cyclist (to be treated as a point mass) is to undertake horizontal circles inside
the cylindrical wall of a well of inner radius 4 m. The co-efficient of static friction between
tyres and the wall is 0.2. Calculate the minimum speed and period necessary to perform this
stunt. [Ans. 14 m/s; 1.796 s] (Oct. 2021) (2)
(31) Calculate the moment of inertia of a uniform disc of mass 10 kg and radius 60 cm about
an axis perpendicular to its length and passing through its centre. [Ans. 1.8 kg-m²] (March
2022) (1)
(32) The surface density of a uniform disc of radius 10 cm is 2 kg/m². Find its M.I. about an
axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its plane. [Ans. 3.142 x 10-4 kg.m²] (July
2022) (2)
L N- 2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
Theory:
(1) Derive the relation between surface tension and surface energy per unit area. (March
2013)
(2) Show that the surface tension of a liquid is numerically equal to the surface energy per
unit area. (Oct 2013) (2)
(3) Explain the rise of liquid in the capillary on the basis of pressure difference. (Feb. 2014)
(4) Define angle of contact. State its any two characteristics. (Oct. 2011, 2014; July 2022) (2)
(5) Derive an expression for excess pressure inside a drop of liquid. (Feb. 2015)
(6) Draw a neat labelled diagram showing forces acting on the meniscus of water in a
capillary tube. (Oct. 2015) (2)
(7) Derive Laplace's law for spherical membrane of bubble due to surface tension. (Feb.
2016, March 2018) (3)
(8) Draw a neat diagram for the rise of liquid in a capillary tube showing the components of a
surface tension. (March 2010, July 2016) (2)
(9) Draw a neat labelled diagram for a liquid surface in contact with a solid, when the angle
of contact is acute. (March 2017) (2)
(10) Define surface tension and surface energy. (July 2017) (3)
(11) What is capillarity? State any two uses of capillarity. (October 2010, March 2011, July
2018, 2022) (2)
(12) Obtain an expression for the rise of a liquid in a capillary tube. (March 2019) (3)
(13) On the basis of molecular theory explain the phenomenon of surface tension. (July 2019)
(3)
(14) Define angle of contract. (Oct. 2021) (1)
(15) Explain surface tension on the basis of molecular theory. (Oct. 2021) (3)
(16) State the formula for critical velocity in terms of Reynold's number for a flow of a fluid.
(March 2022) (1)
(17) Derive an expression for terminal velocity of a spherical object falling under gravity
through a viscous medium. (March 2022)
(18) Define coefficient of viscosity. State its formula and S.I. units. (Feb. 2023) (2)
(19) Obtain the relation between surface energy and surface tension. (Feb. 2023) (2)
Problems:
(1) The surface tension of water at 0°C is 75.5 dyne/cm. Find surface tension of water at
25°C.(a for water = 0.0021/°C] [Ans. 71.52 dyne/cm] (March 2013, 2015)
(2) A soap bubble of radius 12 cm is blown. Surface tension of soap solution is 30 dyne/cm.
Calculate the work done in blowing the soap bubble. [Ans. 1.086 x 105 erg] (Oct 2013) (2)
(3) Calculate the density of paraffin oil, if glass capillary of diameter 0.25 mm dipped in
paraffin oil of surface tension 0.0245 N/m rises to a height of 4 cm. (Angle of contact of
paraffin with glass = 28° and acceleration due to gravity=9.8 m/s².) [Ans. 882.8 kg/m³] (Feb.
2014) (3)
(4) Water rises to a height 3.2 cm in a glass capillary tube. Find the height to which the same
water will rise in another glass capillary having half area of cross section. [Ans. 4.525 cm]
(Oct. 2014) (2)
(5) A raindrop of diameter 4 mm is about to fall on the ground. Calculate the pressure inside
the raindrop. [Surface tension of water T=0.072 N/m, atmospheric pressure 1.013× 10 5 N/m²
[Ans. 1.01372 × 105 N/m²] (Oct. 2015) (2)
(6) The energy of the free surface of a liquid drop is 5rt times the surface tension of the
liquid. Find the diameter of the drop in C.G.S. system. [Ans. 2.236 cm] (Feb. 2016)
(7) The total free surface energy of a liquid drop is √2 times the surface tension of the liquid.
Calculate the diameter of the drop in S.I. unit. [Ans. 1.1896 m] (July 2016)
(8) The total energy of free surface of a liquid drop is 2π times the surface tension of the
liquid. What is the diameter of the drop? (Assume all terms in SI unit]. [Ans. 1.414 m]
(March 2017)
(9) Two soap bubbles have radii in the ratio 4:3. What is the ratio of work done to blow these
bubbles? [Ans. 16:9] (July 2017)
(10) Calculate the work done in increasing the radius of a soap bubble in air from 1 cm to 2
cm. The surface tension of soap solution is 30 dyne/cm. (π = 3.142) [Ans. 2262 erg] (March
2018)
(11) A horizontal circular loop of a wire of radius 0.02 m is lowered into crude oil and a film
is formed. The force due to the surface tension of the liquid is 0.0113 N. Calculate the surface
tension of the crude oil. (π = 3.142) [Ans. 0.045 N/m] (July 2018)
(12) A rod of length 4 cm is movable on a rectangular frame of wire. A film is formed in the
frame. A force of 3.2 × 10 -3 N is applied to the rod for its equilibrium. Find the surface
tension of the liquid. [Ans. 0.04 N/m] (July 2019)
(13) Calculate the work done in blowing a soap bubble of radius 0.1 m. (Surface tension of
soap solution = 30 dyne/ cm) [Ans. 7.541 x 10-3 J] (March 2020)
(14) Compare the amount of work done in blowing two soap bubbles of radii in the ratio 4: 5.
[Ans. 16:25] (Oct. 2021)
(15) Eight droplets of water each of radius 0.2 mm coalesce into a single drop. Fine the
decrease in the surface area. [Ans. 2.011 x 10-6 m²] (March 2022) (2)
(16) Find the difference of pressure between inside and outside of a spherical water drop of
radius 2 mm, if surface tension of water is 73 x 10-3 N/m. [Ans. 73 N/m²] (July 2022)
(17) Calculate the work done in blowing a soap bubble to a radius of 1 cm. The surface
tension of a soap solution is 2.5 x 10-2 N/m. [Ans. 62.84 x 10-6 J] (Feb. 2023) (2)
L N-3 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND RADIATION
Theory:
(1) Draw a neat labelled diagram for Ferry's perfectly black body. (March 2013, July 2018)
(2)
(2) Explain black body radiation spectrum in terms of wavelength. (Oct 2013) (2)
(3) Show that R.M.S. velocity of gas molecules is directly proportional to square root of its
absolute temperature. (Feb. 2014, March 2017) (2)
(4) Show graphically spectrum of energy distribution of black body in terms of wavelengths.
(Oct. 2008, 2009, Feb. 2014) (2)
(5) Explain Maxwell distribution of molecular speed with necessary graph. (Oct 2014) (3)
(6) With a neat and labelled diagram, explain Ferry's perfectly black body. (Oct. 2014) (2)
(7) State: (a) Wein's displacement law and (b) First law of thermodynamics. (Feb. 2015)
(8) Define 'emissive power' and 'coefficient of emission of a body'. (Feb. 2016)
(9) State Kirchhoff's law of radiation and prove it theoretically. (March 2012, July 2017,
2019) (3)
(10) What is perfectly black body? Explain Ferry's black body. (March 2019) (3)
(11) State Boyle's law. On the basis of kinetic theory of gases, obtain an expression for
kinetic energy per unit volume of gas. (July 2019)
(12) Explain energy distribution spectrum of a black body radiation in terms of wavelength.
(March 2020)
(13) Draw a neat, labelled diagram of Ferry's black body. (Oct. 2021)
(14) State: (a) Stefan - Baltzmann law radiation. (b) Wien's displacement law. (Oct. 2021)
(15) Derive an expression for a pressure exerted by a gas on the basis of kinetic theory of
gases. (March 2022; Feb. 2023)
(16) Define: (i) Emissive power (ii) Co-efficient of emission (July 2022)
Problems:
(1) Calculate the kinetic energy of 10 gram of Argon molecules at 127°C.
(Universal gas constant R = 8320 J/k mole K, Atomic weight of Argon = 40) [Ans. 1248 J]
(March 2013) (3)
(2) The kinetic energy of nitrogen per unit mass at 300 K is 2.5 x 10 J/kg. Find the kinetic
energy of 4 kg oxygen at 600 K. (Molecular weight of nitrogen-28, Molecular weight of
oxygen-32) [Ans. 1.75 x 107 J] (Oct 2013) (3)
(3) Calculate the average molecular kinetic energy: (a) per kilomole (b) per kilogram of
oxygen at 27°C. [R-8320 J/kmole K, Avogadros number = 6.03 x 10 26 molecules/K mole.
[Ans. (a) 3.744 x 106 J (b) 1.17 x 105J] (Feb. 2015) (3)
(4) A pinhole is made in a hollow sphere of radius 5 cm whose inner wall is at temperature
727°C. Find the power radiated per unit area. [Stefan's constant a 5.7x 10 8 J/m2sK4,
emissivity (e) = 0.2] [Ans. 1.14 x 104 watt/m²] (Oct. 2015) (2)
(5) Compute the temperature at which the r.m.s. speed of nitrogen molecules is 832 m/s.
Universal gas constant, R-8320 J/k mole K, molecular weight of nitrogen - 28.]
[Ans. 776.53 K](Oct. 2015) (2)
(6) A metal sphere cools at the rate of 4°C/min. when its temperature is 50°C. Find its rate of
cooling at 45°C if the temperature of surrounding is 25°C. [Ans. 3.2°C/min.] (Feb. 2016) (3)
(7) A body cools from 62°C to 54°C in 10 minutes and 48°C in next 10 minutes. Find the
temperature of the surroundings. [Ans. 30°C] (July. 2016) (3)
(8) A body cools at the rate of 0.5°C/min. when it is 25°C above the surroundings. Calculate
the rate of cooling when it is 15°C above the same surroundings. [Ans. 0.3°C/min] (March
2017) (2)
(July 2018) (3)
(Oct. 2021) (2)
(9) At what temperature will average kinetic energy of gas be exactly half of its value at
N.T.P.? (July 2017) (2)
(10) A body cools from 80°C to 70°C in 5 minutes and to 62° C in the next 5 minutes.
Calculate the temperature of the surroundings. [Ans. 30°C] (Feb. 2018) (3)
(11) Compare the rates of loss of heat by a black body at 627°C and 327° C, if the
temperature of surrounding is 27°C. [Ans. 5.33: 1] (July 2018) (3)
(12) The difference between two molar specific heats of a gas is 6000 J/kg. K. If the ratio of
specific heats is 1.4 calculate the molar specific heat at constant volume. [Ans. 15000 J/kg K]
(Oct 2021) (2)
(13) The difference between the two molar specific heats of a gas is 9000 J/kg K. If the ratio
of the two specific is 1.5, calculate the two molar specific heats. [Ans. Cp 27000 J/kg K; Cv-
18000 J/kg K] (March 2022) (2)
(14) Calculate the energy radiated in half a minute by a black body of surface area 200 cm 2 at
127°C. [Ans. 875.5 J] (July 2022) (3)
(15) Compare the rate of loss of heat from a metal sphere at 827°C with rate of loss of heat
from the same at 427°C, if the temperature of surrounding is 27°C. [Ans. 6.267] (Feb. 2023)
(2)

L N-4 THERMODYNAMICS
Theory:
(1) State first law of thermodynamics. (Feb. 2015) (4)
(2) What is isothermal process? (March 2020, Oct. 2021) (1)
(3) Write a note on free expansion in thermodynamic process. (Oct 2021) (2)
(4) What is a thermodynamic process? Give any two types of it. (March 2022) (2)
(5) What are mechanical equilibrium and thermal equilibrium? (March 2022) (2)
(6) In which thermodynamic process the total internal energy of system remains constant?
(July 2022) (3)
(7) State zeroth law of thermodynamics. What are the limitations of first law of
thermodynamics. (July 2022) (1)
(8) Derive an expression for the work done during an isothermal process. (Feb. 2023) (2)
Problems:
(1) 0.5 mole of gas at temperature 450 K expands isothermally from an initial volume of 3L
to final volume of 9L.
(a) What is the work done by the gas? (R = 8.319 J mol¹ K¹)
(b) How much heat is supplied to the gas?
[Ans. (a) 2.057 kJ (b) 2.057 kJ] (Oct 2021) (3)
(2) The initial pressure and volume of a gas enclosed in a cylinder are 2 x 105 N/m² and
6 x 10-3 m³ respectively. If work done in compressing the gas at constant pressure is 150 J,
find the final volume of the gas. [Ans. 5.25 x 10-3 m³] (March 2022) (2)
(3) An automobile engine develops 62.84 kW while rotating at a speed of 1200 rpm. What
torque does it deliver? [Ans. 500 N-m] (July 2022) (1)
(4) A system releases 125 kJ of heat while 104 kJ of work is done on the system. Calculate
the change in internal energy of the gas. [Ans. 21 kJ] (July 2022) (2)
(5) 104 J of work is done on certain volume of a gas. If the gas releases 125 kJ of heat,
calculate the change in internal energy of the gas. [Ans. 124.9 kJ] (Feb. 2023) (2)
(6) An ideal mono-atomic gas is adiabatically compressed so that its final temperature is
twice its initial temperature. Calculate the ratio of final pressure to its initial pressure. [Ans.
5.656] (Feb. 2023) (2).

L N – 5 OSCILLATIONS
Theory:
(1) Represent graphically the displacement, velocity and acceleration against time for a
particle performing linear S.H.M., when it starts from the mean position. (March 2008, 2013,
Oct. 2010) (3)
(2) Define an ideal simple pendulum. Show that the motion of a simple pendulum under
certain conditions is simple harmonic. Obtain an expression for its period. (March 2010,
2013, July 2018) (4)
(3) Derive an expression for the period of motion of a simple pendulum. On which factors
does it depend? (Oct 2013) (4)
(4) State an expression for K.E. (kinetic energy) and P. E. (potential energy) at displacement
'x' for a particle performing linear S.H.M. Represent them graphically. Find the displacement
at which K. E. is equal to P. E. (Feb. 2014) (4)
(5) Define phase of S.H.M. Show variation of displacement, velocity and acceleration with
phase for a particle performing linear S.H.M. graphically, when it starts from extreme
position. (Oct. 2014) (4)
(6) Obtain an expression for potential energy of a particle performing simple harmonic
motion. Hence evaluate the potential energy, (a) at mean position and (b) at extreme position.
(Feb. 2015, March 2019) (4)
(7) Discuss the composition of two S.H.M.s along the same path having same period. Find
the resultant amplitude and initial phase. (Oct. 2015) (4)
(8) Define linear S.H.M. Show that S.H.M. is a projection of U.C.M. on any diameter. (Feb.
2016) (2)
(9) Define practical simple pendulum. Show that motion of bob of pendulum with small
amplitude is linear S.H.M. Hence obtain an expression for its period. What are the factors on
which its period depends? (July 2016) (5)
(10) Obtain the differential equation of linear simple harmonic motion. (March 2017) (2)
(11) Prove the law of conservation of energy for a particle performing simple harmonic
motion. Hence graphically show the variation of kinetic energy and potential energy w. r. t.
instantaneous displacement. (March 2017) (4)
(12) Define linear simple harmonic motion. Assuming the expression for displacement of a
particle starting from extreme position, explain graphically the variation of velocity and
acceleration w.r.t. time. (July 2016) (4)
(13) State the differential equation of linear simple harmonic motion. Hence obtain the
expression for acceleration, velocity and displacement of a particle performing linear S.H.M.
(March 2018) (4)
(14) From differential equation of linear S.H.M., obtain an expression for acceleration,
velocity and displacement of a particle performing S.H.M. (March 2019) (3)
(15) Define epoch of S.H.M. State the factors on which the total energy of a particle
performing S.H.M. depends. (July 2019) (2)
(16) At which position, the total energy of a particle executing linear S. H. M. is purely
potential? (March 2020) (1)
(17) Define linear S. H. M. Obtain differential equation of linear S. H. M. (March 2020) (3)
(18) At which position the restoring force acting on a particle executing linear SHM is
maximum? (Oct. 2021) (1)
(19) Derive an expression for period of a simple pendulum. (Oct. 2021) (3)
(20) Write the differential equation for angular S. H. M. (March 2022) (1)
(21) Define second's pendulum. Derive a formula for the length of second's pendulum.
(March 2022) (2)
(22) What is perfectly black body? (July 2022) (1)
(23) Discuss analytically the composition of two linear SHMs having same period and along
the same path. Obtain the expression for resultant amplitude. Find the resultant amplitude
when the phase difference is:
(i) zero radians (ii) π/2 radians. (July 2022) (4)
(24) State the differential equation of linear S.H.M. Hence, obtain expression for:
(a) acceleration (b) velocity. (Feb.2023) (3)

Problems:
(1) A body of mass 1 kg is made to oscillate on a spring of force constant 16 N/m.
Calculate: (a) angular frequency, (b) frequency of vibration.
[Ans. (a) 4 rad/s; (b) 0.6365 Hz] (Oct. 2013; March 2019) (2)
(2) When the length of a simple pendulum is decreased by 20 cm, the period changes by
10%. Find the original length of the pendulum. [Ans. 105.3 cm] (Feb. 2014) (3)
(3) The maximum velocity of a particle performing linear S.H.M. is 0.16 m/s. If its maximum
acceleration is 0.64 m/s², calculate its period. [Ans. 1.57 second] (Oct. 2014) (2)
(4) A particle in S.H.M. has a period of 2 seconds and amplitude of 10 cm. Calculate the
acceleration when it is at 4 cm from its positive extreme position. [Ans. 59.16 cm/s²] (Feb.
2015) (2)
(5) The periodic time of a linear harmonic oscillator is 2π second, with maximum
displacement of 1 cm. If the particle starts from extreme position, find the displacement of
the particle after π/3 seconds. [Ans. 0.5 cm] (Oct. 2015) (2)
(6) A particle performing linear S.H.M. has a period of 6.28 seconds and a pathlength of 20
cm. What is the velocity when its displacement is 6 cm from mean position? [Ans. 8 cm/s]
(Feb. 2016) (2)
(7) A particle executes S.H.M. with a period of 10 seconds. Find the time in which its
potential energy will be half of its total energy. [Ans. 1.25 second] (July 2016) (2)
(8) A clock regulated by seconds pendulum, keeps correct time. During summer, length of
pendulum increases to 1.005 m. How much will the clock gain or loose in one day? (g=9.8
m/s² and π=3.142) [Ans. Loss, 518.4 sec.] (July 2017) (3)
(9) A particle performing linear S.H.M. has maximum velocity of 25 cm/s and maximum
acceleration of 100 cm/s2. Find the amplitude and period of oscillation. (π=3.142)
[Ans. A 6.25 cm; T-1.571 sec.] (March 2018) (2)
(10) A simple pendulum of length 1 m and mass 10 g oscillates freely with amplitude 2 cm.
Find its potential energy (P.E) at the extreme position. (g=9.8 m/s²) [Ans. 1.96 x 10 -5 J] (July
2018) (2)
(11) The length of the second's pendulum in a clock is increased to 4 times its initial length.
Calculate the number of oscillations completed by the new pendulum in one minute. [Ans.
15] (March 2019) (2)
(12) A body of mass 1 kg is made to oscillate on a spring of force constant 25 x 103 dyne/cm.
Calculate the magnitude of angular velocity and frequency of vibrations of the body. [Ans.
0.7956 Hz] (July 2019) (3)
(13) A simple pendulum of length 1 m has mass 10 g. and oscillates freely with amplitude of
5 cm. Calculate its potential energy at extreme position. [Ans. 1.225 x 10 -4 J] (March 2020)
(3)
(14) A particle performing linear S. H. M. has maximum velocity 25 cm/s and maximum
acceleration 100 cm/s², Find period of oscillation. [Ans. 1.571 second] (March 2022) (2)
(15) Calculate the velocity of a particle performing S.H.M. after 1 second, if its displacement
is given by x= 5 sin(πt/3)m. [Ans. 2.618 m/s] (Feb. 2023) (1)

L N -6 SUPERPOSITION OF WAVES
Theory:
(1) Differentiate between free and forced vibrations. (March 2013; Feb. 2023) (2)
(2) With a neat labelled diagram, show that all harmonics are present in an air column
contained in a pipe open at both the ends. Define end correction. (March 2013) (4)
(3) Draw neat labelled diagrams for modes of vibrations of an air column in a pipe when it is:
(a) open at both ends (b) closed at one end.
Hence derive an expression for fundamental frequency in each case. (Oct 2013, July 2018)
(4)
(4) Derive an expression for one dimensional - Simple harmonic progressive wave travelling
in the direction of positive X-axis. Express it in 'two' different forms. (Oct 2013) (3)
(5) A wire of density 'p' and Young's modulus 'Y' is stretched between two rigid supports
separated by a distance 'L' under tension T'. Derive an expression for its frequency in

√
YL
fundamental mode. Hence, show that n = 1/(2L) PL ¿
¿
Where symbols have their usual meanings. (Feb. 2014) (4)
(6) Distinguish between forced vibrations and resonance. Draw neat, labelled diagrams for
the modes of vibration of a stretched string in second harmonic and third harmonic. (Oct.
2014) (4)
(7) What are forced vibrations and resonance? Show that only odd harmonics are present in
an air column vibrating in a pipe closed at one end. (Feb. 2015) (4)
(8) Explain what is Doppler effect, in sound and state its any 'four' applications. (Feb. 2015)
(3)
(9) Show that all harmonics are present on a stretched string between two rigid supports.
(Oct. 2015)
(10) Explain analytically how the stationary waves are formed. Hence show that the distance
between node and adjacent antinode is λ/4 (Feb. 2016) (2)
(11) Explain the formation of stationary wave by analytical method. Show that nodes and
antinodes are equally spaced in a stationary wave. (July 2016) (4)
(12) Explain the formation of stationary waves by analytical method. Show the formation of
stationary wave diagrammatically. (March 2017) (4)
(13) Discuss different modes of vibrations in an air column of a pipe open at both the ends.
State the cause of end correction. Find the end correction for the pipe open at both the ends in
fundamental mode. (July 2017) (5)
(14) What is meant by harmonics? Show that only odd harmonics are present as overtones in
the case of an air column vibrating in a pipe closed at one end. (March 2018) (4)
(15) Show that beats frequency is equal to frequency difference between two interfering
waves. (July 2018) (3)
(16) Explain the reflection of transverse and longitudinal waves from a denser medium and
a rarer medium. (March 2019) (3)
(17) Show that even as well as odd harmonics are present as overtones in the case of an air
column vibrating in a pipe open at both the ends. (March 2019) (3)
(18) Explain analytically how stationary waves are formed. What are nodes and antinodes?
Show that distance between two adjacent nodes or antinode is λ/4. (March 2012, 2019)
(19) State the principle of superposition of waves. Distinguish between forced vibrations and
resonance. (July 2019) (3)
(20) Show that all harmonics are present in case of an air column. (March 2020) (4)
(21) What are harmonics and overtones (Two Points)? (March 2022) (2)
(22) Prove that frequency of beats is equal to the difference between the frequencies of the
two sound notes giving rise to beats. (March 2022) (3)
(23) State any two characteristics of progressive waves. (July 2022) (2)

Problems:
(1) Two sound notes have wavelengths 8/172m and 8/173m in air. These notes when sounded
together produce 8 beats per second. Calculate the velocity of sound in air and frequencies of
two notes. [Ans. 332 m/s] (March 2009, 2017) (4)
(2) A set of 12 tuning forks is arranged in the increasing order of frequencies. Each tuning
fork produce beats per second with previous one. The last tuning fork is an octave of the first.
The fifth tuning fork has the frequency 90 Hz. Find Y and hence find the frequency of the last
fork. [Ans. Y=6 beats/s, n₁₂ = 132 Hz] (March 2011, 2017) (4)
(3) A train blows a whistle of frequency 640 Hz in air, Find the difference in apparent
frequencies of the whistle for a stationary observer, when the train moves towards and away
from the observer with the speed of 72 km/hour. [Speed of sound in air-340 m/s] [Ans. 75.6
Hz] (March 2013) (3)
(4) The equation of simple harmonic progressive wave is given by Y=0.05 sin π [20t- x/6],
where all quantities are in S.I. units, Calculate the displacement of a particle at 5 m from
origin and at the instant 0.1 second. [Ans. -0.025 m] (Feb. 2014) (3)
(5) A pipe which is open at both ends is 47 cm long and has an inner diameter 5 cm. If the
speed of sound in air is 348 m/s, calculate the fundamental frequency of air column in that
pipe. [Ans. 348 Hz] (Feb. 2014) (2)
(6) A 36 cm long sonometer wire vibrates with frequency of 280 Hz in fundamental mode,
when it is under tension of 24.5 N. Calculate linear density of the material of wire. [Ans.
6.028 × 10-4 kg/m] (Oct. 2014) (2)
(7) Wavelengths of two notes in the air are (70/153) m and (70/157) m. Each of these notes
produces 8 beats per second with a tuning fork of fixed frequency. Find the velocity of sound
in the air and frequency of the tuning fork. [Ans. v 280 m/s; N 620 Hz] (Oct. 2014) (3)
(8) A stretched wire emits fundamental note of frequency 256 Hz. Keeping the stretching
force constant and reducing the length of wire by 10 cm, the frequency becomes 320 Hz.
Calculate the original length of wire. [Ans. 0.5 m] (Feb. 2015) (3)
(9) A sonometer wire is in unison with a tuning fork of frequency 125 Hz when it is stretched
by a weight. When the weight is completely immersed in water, 8 beats are heard per second.
Find the specific gravity of the material of the weight. [Ans. σ =8.09] (Oct. 2015) (3)
(10) In a set, 21 tuning forks are arranged in a series of decreasing frequencies. Each tuning
fork produces 4 beats per second with the preceding fork. If the first fork is an octave of the
last fork, find the frequencies of the first and tenth forks.
[Ans. n1 =160 Hz, n10 = 124 Hz] (Oct. 2015) (3)
(11) A set of 48 tuning forks is arranged in a series of descending frequencies such that each
fork gives 4 beats per second with preceding one. The frequency of first fork is 1.5 times the
frequency of the last fork, find the frequency of the first and 42nd tuning fork.
[Ans. n₁ = 564 Hz, n42 = 400 Hz] (Feb. 2016) (2)
(12) The fundamental frequency of an air column in a pipe closed at one end is in unison with
the third overtone of an open pipe. Calculate the ratio of lengths of their air columns. [Ans.
1:8] (Feb. 2016) (2)
(13) A tube open at both ends has length 47 cm. Calculate the fundamental frequency of air
column. (Neglect end correction. Speed of sound in air is 3.3 x 102 m/s). [Ans. 351.1 Hz]
(July 2016) (2)
(14) The speed limit for a vehicle on road is 120 km/hr. A policeman detects a drop of 10% in
the pitch of horn of a car as it passes him. Is the policeman justified in punishing the car
driver for crossing the speed limit?(Given: Velocity of sound = 340 m/s) [Ans. 64.4 km/hr,
not justified] (July 2016) (3)
(15) A transverse wave is produced on a stretched string 0.9 m long and fixed at its ends.
Find the speed of the transverse wave, when the string vibrates while emitting second
overtone of frequency 324 Hz. [Ans. 194.4 m/s] (March 2017) (2)
(16) What should be tension applied to a wire of length 1m and mass 10 gram, if it has to
vibrate with fundamental frequency of 50 Hz? [Ans. 100 N] (July 2017) (2)
(17) The wavelength of two sound waves in air are (81/173)m and (82/171)m. They produce
10 beats per second. Calculate the velocity of sound in air.
[Ans. 270 m/s] (March 2018) (3)
(18) The length of an air column for a fundamental mode in a resonance tube is 16 cm and
that for second resonance is 50.25 cm. Find the end correction. [Ans. 1.125 cm] (July 2018)
(2)
(19) A stretched sonometer wire is in unison with a tuning fork. When the length of the wire
is increased by 5%, the number of beats heard per second is 10. Find the frequency of the
tuning fork. [Ans. 210 Hz] (March 2019) (2)
(20) A sonometer wire 1 metre long weighing 2 g is in resonance with a tuning fork of
frequency 300 Hz. Find tension in the sonometer wire.
[Ans. 720 N] (March 2019, 2020) (2)
(21) A driver in a stationary bus blows horn with frequency 1024 Hz. Another bus directly
behind the stationary bus is approaching it at the speed of 54 km/hr. Find the frequency of
sound heard by the driver in the moving bus. [Speed of sound in air is 40 m/s.]
[Ans. 1069 Hz] (July 2019) (2)
(22) Find the distance between two successive antinodes in a stationary wave on s string
vibrating with frequency 32 Hz. /Speed of wave - 48 m/s. [Ans. 0.75 m] (Oct. 2021) (2)
(23) The wavelength of two sound waves in air are (81/173) m and (81/ 171) m. They
produce 9 beats per second. Calculate Velocity of sound in air. [Ans. 369 m/s] (Oct. 2021) (3)
(24) A pipe open at both the ends has a fundamental frequency of 600 Hz. The first overtone
of a pipe closed at one end has the same frequency as the first overtone of the open pipe. How
long are the two pipes? [Velocity of sound in air 330 m/s]
[Ans. 20.63 cm] (July. 2022) (3)
(25) Two tuning forks of frequencies 320 Hz and 340 Hz are sounded together to produce
sound wave. The velocity of sound in air is 326.4 m/s. Calculate the difference in
wavelengths of these waves. [Ans. 0.06 m] (Feb. 2023) (3)

L N -7 WAVE OPTICS
Theory:
(1) On the basis of Huygens' wave theory of light prove that velocity of light in a rarer
medium is greater than velocity of light in a denser medium. (March 2013) (4)
(2) Describe biprism experiment to find the wavelength of monochromatic light. Draw the
necessary ray diagram for magnified and diminished images of virtual sources. (Feb. 2014,
March 2017) (5)
(3) Draw a neat labelled diagram showing the plane of vibration and plane of polarisation for
polarised light. (Oct. 2014) (2)
(4) What is a Polaroid? State its 'two' uses. (Feb. 2015) (3)
(5) Describe biprism experiment to calculate the wavelength of a momochromatic light. Draw
the necessary ray diagram. (Feb. 2015) (2)
(6) With the help of neat diagrams, explain how the non-polar dielectric material is polarised
in external electric field of increasing intensity. Define polarisation in dielectrics. (Oct. 2015)
(3)
(7) What is 'diffraction of light? Explain its two types. (Feb. 2016) (2)
(8) Using analytical method for interference bands, obtain an expression for path difference
between two light waves. (July 2016) (3)
(9) Distinguish between the phenomenon of interference and diffraction. (October 2011,
March 2017) (2)
(10) Obtain an expression for path difference and fringe width of interference pattern in
Young's double slit experiment. Show that the fringe width is same for consecutive bright and
dark bands. (July 2017)(3)
(11) Explain the construction of plane wavefront using Huygens' principle. (July 2017) (3)
(12) State the conditions to get constructive and distructive interference of light. (March
2018) (2)
(13) State Brewster's law and show that when light is incident at polarizing angle the
reflected and refracted rays are mutually perpendicular to each other. (March 2019) (3)
(14) Explain refraction of light on the basis of wave theory. Hence prove the laws of
refraction. (March 2020) (2)
(15) Explain Rayleigh's criterion for the resolution of two close point objects, when their
images are: (i) just resolved (ii) well resolved and (iii) unresolved. (July 2019) (3)
(16) State Huygens' principle. Explain geometrical construction of a plane wavefront. (March
2020) (3)
(17) State any two conditions for steady interference pattern. (Oct 2021) (2)
(18) With the help of a neat diagram, explain the reflection of light on a plane reflecting
surface. (March 2022) (3)
(19) What happens to the fringe width in diffraction pattern if the diameter of wire is
increased? (July 2022) (1).
(20) Derive the laws of reflection of light using Huygen's theory. (July 2022; Feb. 2023) (3)
Problems:
(1) A point is situated at 7 cm and 7.2 cm from two coherent sources. Find the nature of
illumination at the point if wavelength of light is 4000 A.
[Ans. n =10000, bright point] (March 2013) (2)
(2) In Young's experiment the ratio of intensity at the maxima and minima in the interference
pattern is 36:16. What is the ratio of the widths of the two slits? [Ans. 25] (March 2013) (3)
(3) In Young's experiment, the ratio of intensity at the maxima and minima in an interference
pattern is 36:9. What will be the ratio of intensities of two interfering waves? [Ans. 9:1] (Oct
2013) (3)
(4) The minimum angular reparation between two stars is 4 x 10 6 rad, if telescope is used to
observe them with an objective of aperture 16 cm. Find the wavelength of light used. [Ans.
5246 A] (Oct 2013) (2)
(5) The refractive indices of water for red and violet colours are 1.325 and 1.334 respectively.
Find the difference between the velocities of rays for these two colours in water. (c=3x 10 8
m/s)
[Ans. 1.53 x 106 m/s] (Oct. 2013) (3)
(6) For a glass plate as a polarizer with refractive index 1.633, calculate the angle of
incidence at which light is polarised.
[Ans. 58°31'] (Feb. 2014) (2)
(7) If the difference in velocities of light in glass and water is 2.7 x 10 7 m/s, find the velocity
of light in air. (Refractive index of glass = 1.5, Refractive index of water = 1.333) [Ans.
3.233 × 108 m/s] (Feb. 2014) (2)
(8) A red light of wavelength 6400 Å in air has wavelength 4000 A in glass. If the
wavelength of violet light in air is 4400A, find its wavelength in glass. (Assume that µ r=µv)
[Ans. 2751 A] (Oct. 2014) (2)
(9) In a biprism experiment, a slit is illuminated by a light of wavelength 4800 A. The
distance between the slit and biprism is 15 cm and the distance between the biprism and
eyepiece is 85 cm. If the distance between virtual is 3 mm, determine the distance between 4 th
bright brand on the other side of the central bright band. [Ans. 12 x 10-4 m] (Oct. 2014) (3)
(10) If the critical angle of a medium is sin -1 (3/5) find the polarising angle. [Ans. 59°2′]
(Feb. 2015) (3)
(11) In a biprism experiment, when a convex lens was placed between the biprism and
eyepiece at a distance of 30 cm from the slit, the virtual images of the slits are found to be
separated by 7 mm. If the distance between the slit and biprism is 10 cm and between the
biprism and eyepiece is 80 cm, find the linear magnification of the image. [Ans. 2] (Oct.
2015) (3)
(12) In a single slit diffraction pattern, the distance between first minima on the right and first
minima on the left of central maximum is 4 mm. The screen on which the pattern is
displaced, is 2 m from the slit and wavelength of light used is 6000 A. Calculate width of the
slit and width of the central maximum.
[Ans. Width of slit = 6 x 10-4 m; Width of central maxima = 4 x 10-3 m] (Oct. 2015) (3)
(13) A parallel beam of monochromatic light is incident on a glass slab at an angle of
incidence 60°. Find the ratio of width of the beam in the glass to that in the air if refractive
index of glass is 3/2. [Ans. 1.633] (Oct. 2015) (3)
(14) Determine the change in wavelength of light during its passage from air to glass. If the
refractive index of glass with respect to air is 1.5 and the frequency of light is 3.5 x 10 14 Hz,
find the wave number of light in glass. [Velocity of light in air, c = 3 × 108 m/s]
[Ans. λa-λb=2856 Å; v = 3.501 x 106 m²¹] (Feb. 2016) (3)
(15) In biprism experiment, 10th dark band is observed at 2.09 mm from the central bright
point on the screen with red light of wavelength 6400 A. By how much will fringe width
change if blue light of wavelength 4800 Å is used with the same setting?
[Ans. 0.055 mm] (Feb. 2016) (3)
(16) A point is situated at 6.5 cm and 6.65 cm from two coherent sources. Find the nature of
illumination at the (E) point, if wavelength of light is 5000 A.
[Ans. n=3000, hence bright point] (July 2016) (2)
(17) Determine the change in wavelength of light during its passage from air to glass, if the
refractive index of glass with respect to air is 1.5 and the frequency of light is 5 x 10 14 Hz.
Find the wave number of light in glass. [Velocity of light in air, c=3x 108 m/s]
[Ans. Δλ=2000 A; -2.5 x 106 m-1] (July 2016) (3)
(18) The width of plane incident wavefront is found to be doubled on refraction in denser
medium. If it makes an angle of 65° with the normal. Calculate the refractive index for the
denser medium.
[Ans. 1.697] (March 2017) (3)
(19) The refractive indices of glass and water w.r.t. air 3/2 and 4/3 respectively. Determine
the refractive index of glass w.r.t. water. [Ans. wHg= 1.12] (July 2017) (3)
(20) The refractive indices of water and diamond are 3 and 2.42 respectively. Find the speed
of light in water and diamond. (c = 3 x 10 8 m/s) [Ans. C-2.25 x 108 m/s; c = 1.24 × 108 m/s]
(March 2018) (3)
(21) In a biprism experiment light of wavelength 5200A is used to get an interference pattern
on the screen. The fringe width changes by 1.3 mm when the screen is moved towards
biprisim by 50 cm. Find the distance between two virtual images of the slit. [Ans. 2 × 10 -4 m]
(March 2018) (3)
(22) In Young's double slit experiment, the slits are 0.5 mm apart and interference is observed
on a screen placed at a distance of 100 cm from the slit. It is found that 9th bright fringe is at
a distance of 8.835 mm from the 2nd dark fringe, on the same side of the centre of the fringe
pattern. Find the wavelength of light used.
[Ans. 5890A] (July 2018) (3)
(23) The optical path difference between two identical waves arriving at a point is 3712. Is
the point If the path difference is 0.24 mm, calculate the wavelength of light used. [Ans. 6469
Å] (July 2018)
(24) Determine the change in wavelength of light during its passage from air to glass, if the
refractive index of glass with respect to air is 1.5 and frequency of light is 4 x 1014 Hz.(c = 3 x
108 m/s) [Ans. 2500A] (July 2018) (3)
(25) In Young's experiment interference bands were produced on a screen placed at 150 cm
from two slits, 0.15 mm apart and illuminated by the light of wavelength 6500 A. Calculate
the fringe width. [Ans. 6.5 mm] (March 2019) (2)
(26) Two coherent sources of light having intensity ratio 81:1 produce interference fringes.
Calculate the ratio of intensities at the maxima and minima in the interference pattern. [Ans.
25:16] (March 2019) (2)
(27) Monochromatic light of wavelength 4300 Å falls on a slit of width 'a'. For what value of
'a' the first maximum falls at 30°?
[Ans. a 12.9 × 10-7 m] (March 2019) (2)
(28) A parallel beam of monochromatic light is incident on a glass slab at an angle of
incidence 30°, gets refracted through an angle of 19°28'. Find the ratio of width of parallel
beam in air to that in glass. [Ans. 0.9183] (July 2019) (2)

(29) In a biprism experiment, light of wavelength 5200A is used to obtain an interference

pattern on the screen. The fringe width changes by 1.3 mm when the screen is moved towards
the biprism by 50 cm. Calculate the distance between the two virtual images of the slif. [Ans.
0.2 m] (March 2020) (3)
(30) If the difference in the velocities of light in glass and water is 0.25 x 10 8 m/s, calculate
the velocity of light in air. Given that refractive index of glass and water with respect to air
are 1.5 and respectively.
[Ans. Cair =3x 108 m/s] (March 2020) (3)
(31) Plane wavefront of light of wavelength 6000 Å is incident on two slits on a screen
perpendicular to the direction of light rays. If the total separation of 10 bright fringes on a
screen 2 m away is 2 cm, find the distance between the slits.
[Ans. 6 x 10-4 m] (March 2022) (3)
(32) A plane wavefront of light of wavelength 4000 Á is incident on two slits on a screen
perpendicular to the direction of light ray. If the total separation of 10 bright fringes on a
screen 2 m away is 2 cm, find the distance between the slits.
[Ans. 4 x 10-4 m] (July 2022) (2)
(33) In a biprism experiment, the fringes are observed in the focal plane of the eye-piece at a
distance of 1.2 m from the slit. The distance between the central bright band and the 20th
bright band is 0.4 cm. When a convex lens is placed between the biprism and the eye-piece,
90 cm from the eye-piece, the distance between the two virtual magnified images is found to
be 0.9 cm. Determine the wavelength of light used. [Ans. 5000 A] (Feb. 2023) (3)
L No. – 8 ELECTROSTATICS
Theory:
(1) Draw a neat labelled diagram of a parallel plate capacitor completely filled with
dielectric. (March 2013)
(2) What do you mean by polar molecules and non-polar molecules? Give one example each.
(Oct. 2013)
(3) With the help of neat diagrams, explain how the non-polar dielectric material is polarised
in external filed increasing intensity. Define polarisation in dielectrics. (Oct. 2015)
(4) With the help of a neat diagram, describe the construction and working of van de Graff
generator. (July 2016)
(5) Obtain an expression for electric field intensity at a point outside uniformly charged thin
plane sheet. (July 2017)
(6) State Gauss's theorem in electrostatics. State the expression for electric field intensity at a
point outside an infinitely long charged conducting cylinder. (July 2018)
(7) Define capacitance of a capacitor and its SI unit. (March 2019)
(8) Obtain an expression for energy of a charged capacitor and express it in different forms.
(July 2019)
(9) Explain the concept of a parallel plate capacitor. State its any 'two' applications. (March
2020)
(10) Obtain an expression for equivalent capacity for combination of three capacitors
connected in series. (Oct. 2021)
(11) What are polar dielectrics and non-polar dielectrics. (March 2022)
(12) State the formula for electric field intensity at a point outside an infinitely long charged
cylindrical conductor. (July 2022)
(13) Draw neat, labelled diagram of a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric slab between
the plates. (July 2022)
(14) State the formula giving relation between electric field intensity and potential gradient.
(Feb. 2023)
(15) Obtain an expression for equivalent capacitance of two capacitors C, and C, connected in
series. (Feb. 2023)
Problems:
(1) Electrostatic energy of 3.5 x 10 J is stored in a capacitor at 700 V. What is the charge on
the capacitor? [Ans. 10-6 C] (March 2013)
(2) The energy density at a point in a medium of dielectric constant 6 is 26.55 x 106 J/m³.
Calculate electric field intensity at that point. ( = 8.85 x 10-12 SI units) [Ans. 1 x 109 N/C]
(Oct. 2013)
3) A network of four capacitors of 6 uF each is connected to a 240 V supply. Determine the
charge on each capacitor. [Ans. Charge on capacitors: C1, C2, C3 = 4.8 × 10-4 C;
Charge on capacitor C4= 14.4 x 10-4]

(4) Six capacitors of capacities 5, 5, 5, 5, 10 and X uF are connected as shown in the network
given diagram. Find: (a) The value of X if the network is balanced, and (b) The resultant
capacitance between A and C. [Ans. (a) 10µF (b) 5µF] (Feb. 2014)

(5) Two metal spheres having charge densities 5 μC/m 2 and -2 μC/m² with radii 2 mm and 1
mm respectively are kept in a hypothetical closed surface. Calculate total normal electrical
induction over the closed surface. [Ans. 226.1 x 10-12 C] (Feb. 2015)
(6) A conductor of any shape, having area 40 cm² placed in air is uniformly charged with a
charge 0.2 μC. Determine the electric intensity at a point just outside its surface. Also, find
the mechanical force per unit area of the charged conductor. [Ɛ 0=8.85 x 10-12 S.I. Units] [Ans.
E=5.649 x 106 V/m, f=141.2 N/m²] (Feb. 2016)
7) A cube of marble having each side 1 cm is kept in an electric field of intensity 300 V/m.
Determine the energy contained in the cube of dielectric constant 8. [Given: Ɛ 0=8.85 x 10-12
C/Nm²] [Ans. 3.185 x 10-12 J] (March 2017)
(8) Three capacitors of capacities 8 uF, 8 μF and 4 uF are connected in a series and a
potential difference at 120 volt is maintained across the combination. Calculate the charge on
capacitor of capacity 4 F. [Ans. 240 x 10-6 C] (July 2017)
(9) A parallel plate air condenser has a capacity of 20 μF. What will be the new capacity if:
(a) the distance between the two plates is double?
(b) a marble slab of dielectric constant 8 is introduced between the two plates?
[Ans. (a) 10uF, (b) 160 uF] March 2018)
(10) A 10 uF capacitor is connected with 100 V battery. What would be the electrostatic
energy stored? [Ans. 5 x 10-2 J] (July 2018)
(11) Capacity of a parallel capacitor with dielectric constant 5 is 4uF. Calculate the capacity
of the same capacitor when dielectric material is removed. [Ans. 0.8 μF] (March 2020)
(12) Two charges of magnitude 5nC and -2 nC are placed at points (2 cm,0,0) and (20 cm, 0,
0) in a region of a space where there is a no external field. Find electrostatic potential energy
of the system. [Ans. U=-0.5 x 10-6 J] (Oct. 2021)
(13) A parallel plate capacitor filled with air has an area of 6 cm² and plate separation of 3
mm. Calculate its capacitance. [Ans. 1.77 x 10-12F] (March 2022)
(14) A small particle carrying a negative charge of 1.6 x 10 -19 C is suspended in equilibrium
between two horizontal metal plates 10 cm apart, having a potential difference of 4000 volts
across them. Find the mass of the particle. [Ans. 6.53 x 10-16kg] (July 2022)
(15) An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges each of magnitude 1 μC, separated
by 2 cm. The dipole is placed in an external field of 10 5 N/C. Calculate: (a) maximum torque
experienced by the dipole and (b) work done by the external field to turn the dipole through
180°. [Ans. (i) 2 × 10-3 N-m (ii) 4 x 10-3 J] (Feb 2023)
L No. – 9 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Theory:
(1) State Kirchhoff's laws in electricity. (March 2010, July 2018)
(2) State and explain principle of potentiometer. (March 2011, Oct 2013)
(3) Explain with neat circuit diagram how will you determine unknown resistance by using
meter bridge experiment. (March 2012)
4) State any two' possible sources of errors in meter-bridge experiment. How can they be
minimised? (Oct. 2015) (2)
(5) Describe Kelvin's method to determine the resistance of galvanometer by using metre
bridge. (Feb. 2016) (2)
(6) State the advantages of potentiometer over voltmeter. (March 2017)
(7) State Kirchoff's second law for closed circuit. How will you minimize the errors in
Kelvin's method. (July 2019) (2)
(8) Explain the conversion of a Moving Coil Galvanometer (MCG) into an ammeter. Obtain
necessary formula. (Oct. 2021) (4)
(9) Define potential gradient of the potentiometer wire. (March 2022) (1)
(10) Distinguish between potentiometer and volltmeter. (March 2022) (2)
(11) What is shunt? (July 2022) (1)
(12) State Kirchhoff's laws of electric network. (July 2022) (2)
(13) What is the value of resistance for an ideal voltmeter? (Feb. 2023) (1)
(14) How will you convert a moving coil galvanometer into an ammeter? (Feb. 2023) (2)
(15) Explain the use of potentiometer to determine internal resistance of a cell. (Feb. 2023)
(3)

Problems:
(1) A cell balances against a length of 200 cm on a potentiometer wire, when it is shunted by
a
resistance of 8Ω. The balancing length reduces by 40 cm, when it is shunted by a resistance
of 4 Ω. Calculate the balancing length when the cell is in open circuit. Also calculate the
internal resistance of the cell. [Ans. L=266.7 cm; r=2.668 Ω] (March 2013)
(2) Four resistances 4 Ω, 8 Ω, X Ω and 6 Ω are connected in a series so as to form
Wheatstone's network. If the network is balanced, find the value of X. [Ans. 12 Ω] (Oct
2013) (2)
(3) Two diametrically opposite points of a metal ring are connected to two terminals of the
left gap of meter bridge. The resistance of 11 Ω is connected in right gap. If null point is
obtained at a distance of 45 cm from the left end, find the resistance of metal ring. [Ans. 36
Ω] (Feb. 2014) (3)
(4) A potentiometer wire has a length of 4 m and a resistance of 5 Ω. What resistance should
be connected in series with a potentiometer wire and a cell of e.m.f. 2 V having internal
resistance 1 Ω to get a potential gradientof 10-3 V/cm? [Ans. 19 Ω] (Oct. 2014)
(5) Resistance of a potentiometer wire is 0.1 Ω /cm. A cell of emf 1.5 V is balanced at 300
cm on this potentiometer wire. Calculate the current and balancing length for another cell of
e.m.f. 1.4 V on the same potentiometer wire. [Ans. I1 = 0.05 A; l=2.8 m] (Feb 2015)
(6) A potentiometer wire has resistance of per unit length of 0.1 Ω /m. A cell of e.m.f. 1.5 V
balances against 300 cm length of the wire. Find the current in the potentiometer wire. [Ans.
5 A] (Oct. 2015) (2)
(7) A potentiometer wire has length of 2 m and resistance 10 Ω. It is connected in series with
resistance 990 Ω and a cell of e.m.f. 2 V. Calculate the potential gradient along the wire.
[Ans. 0.01 V/m] (July 2016) (2)
(8) An unknown resistance is placed in the left gap and resistance of 50 ohm is placed in the
right gap of a meter bridge. The null point is obtained at 40 cm from the left end. Determine
the unknown resistance. [Ans. 33.33 Ω] (March 2017)
(9) When a resistance of 12 ohm is connected across a cell, its terminal potential difference is
balanced by 120 cm length of potentiometer wire. When the resistance of 18 ohm is
connected across the same cell, the balancing length is 150 cm. Find the balancing length
when the cell is in open circuit. Also calculate the internal resistance of the cell. [Ans. L 1= 300
cm; r = 18 Ω]
(July 2017) (3)
(10) In a potentiometer the balancing length of the wire is found to be 2.5 m for a cell of
e.m.f. 1.5 V. Find the balancing length of the wire for another cell of e.m.f. 1.2 V on the same
potentiometer. [Ans. 2 m] (July 2018) (2)
(11) When a resistor of 5 Ω is connected across the cell, its terminal potential difference is
balanced by 150 cm of potentiometer wire and when a resistance of 10 Ω is connected across
cell, the terminal potential difference is balanced by 175 cm same potentiometer wire. Find
the balancing length when the cell is in open circuit and the internal resistance of the cell.
[210 cm, 2 Ω] (March 2019)
(12) Find the total current I flowing through the following circuit. [I = 1 A]

(13) Two resistances X and Y in the two gaps of a meter-bridge gives a null point dividing
the wire in the ratio 2:3. If each resistance is increased by 30 Ω, the null point divides the
wire in the ratio 5:6, calculate the value of X and Y. [Ans. X = 20 Ω; Y=30 Ω] (March 2020)
(3)
(14) The e.m.f. of a cell is balanced by a length of 320 cm of the potentiometer wire. When a
cell is shunted by a resistance of 50 Ω the balancing length is reduced by 20 cm. Find internal
resistance of the cell. [Ans. r = 3.333 Ω] (Oct. 2021) (2)
(15) Two cells of emf 4V and 2V having respective internal respective internal resistance of
1Ω and 2Ω are connected in parallel, in so to send current in the same direction through an
external resistance of 5Ω. Find the current through the external resistance. (March 2022)
(16) When two cells of emfs E1, and E2 are connected in series so as to assist each other, their
balancing length on potentiometer wire is found to be 3.2 m. When two cells are connected in
series so as to oppose each other, the balancing length is found to be 0.7 m. Compare the
emfs of two cells. [Ans. E1 / E2 = 1.56 V] (July 2022)
10. MAGNETIC FIELDS DUE TO ELECTRIC CURRENT
Theory:
(1) State and explain Ampere's circuital law. (March 2012, 2018)
(2) Obtain the expression for current sensitivity of moving coil galvanometer. (March 2013)
(3) State Ampere's circuital law. Obtain an expression for magnetic induction along the axis
of toroid. (Feb. 2014)
(4) Show that the current flowing through a moving coil galvanometer is directly proportional
to the angle of deflection of coil. (Oct. 2014)
(5) Draw a neat and labelled diagram of suspended coil type moving coil galvanometer. (Feb.
2015)
(6) Draw a neat labelled diagram for the construction of 'cyclotron'. (Feb. 2016)
(7) Explain how moving coil galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter. Derive the
necessary formula. (March 2017)
(8) Obtain an expression for magnetic induction along the axis of toroid on the basis of
Ampere's circuital law. (July 2017)
(9) State Ampere's circuital law. Using Ampere's circuital law, obtain an expression for
magnetic induction at any point due to a straight conductor carrying current. (July 2019)
(10) State the advantages and disadvantages of a moving coil galvanometer. (March 2020)
(11) With help of suitable diagram state the expression for Biot-Savart's law in vector from.
(Oct. 2021)
(12) Draw a neat, labelled diagram of a suspended coil type moving coil galvanometer.
(March 2022)
(13) State the formula for magnetic potential energy of a dipole and hence obtain the
minimum and maximum magnetic potential energy. (July 2022)
(Feb. 2023) (1)
(14) What is the value of force on a closed circuit in a magnetic field?
Problems:
(1) In a cyclotron, magnetic field of 3.5 Wb/m² is used to accelerate protons. What should be
the time interval in which the electric field between the Dees be reversed? (Mass of proton-
1.67 x 10-27 kg, Charge on proton-1.6 x 10-19 C)
[Ans. 9.369 x 10-19 s] (March 2013)
(2) A galvanometer has a resistance of 16Ω. It shows full scale deflection, when a current of
20 mA is passed through it. The only shunt resistance available is 0.06 Ω which is not
appropriate to convert a galvanometer into an ammeter. How much resistance should be
connected in series with the coil of the galvanometer, so that the range of ammeter is 8 A?
[Ans. 7.94Ω] (Oct 2013)
(3) A solenoid 3.142 m long and 5.0 cm in diameter has two layers of windings of 500 turns
each and carries a current of 5 A. Calculate the magnetic induction at its centre along the
axis. [Ans. 2 x 10-3 T] (Feb. 2015)
(4) A rectangular coil of a moving coil galvanometer contains 50 turns each having area
12cm². It is suspended in radial magnetic field 0.025 Wb/m 2 by a fibre of twist constant 15 x
10-10 N-m/degree. Calculate the sensitivity of moving coil galvanometer. [Ans. 10 6 Degree
/A] (Oct 2015)
5) The combined resistance of a galvanometer of resistance 500 Ω and its shunt is 21 Ω.
Calculate the value of shunt. (Ans. 21.92 Ω) (Feb. 2016) (2)
(6) A voltmeter has a resistance of 100 Ω. What will be its reading when it is connected
across a cell of e.m.f. 2V and internal resistance 20 Ω? (Ans. 1.67 V) (July 2016)
(7) A moving coil galvanometer has a resistance of 25 Ω and gives a full-scale deflection for
a current of 10 mA. How will you convert it into a voltmeter having range 0-100 V? (Ans. By
connecting R=9975 Ω in series) (July 2016) (3)
(8) A rectangular coil of a moving coil galvanometer contains 100 turns, each having area 15
cm². It is suspended in the radial magnetic field 0.03 T. The twist constant of suspension fibre
is 15 x 10-10 N-m/degree. Calculate the sensitivity of the moving coil galvanometer. (Ans. 3 x
106 div/A] (March 2017)
(9) In a cyclotron, magnetic field of 1.4 Wb/m² is used. To accelerate protons, how rapidly
should the electric field between the Dees be reversed? (π =3.142, M p =1.67 x 10-27 kg, e =1.6
x 10-19 C) [Ans. t=2x 10-8 sec] (March 2018) (2)
(10) A rectangular coil having 100 turns each of length 1 cm and breadth 0.5 cm is suspended
in radial magnetic induction 0.002 T. The torsional constant of suspension fiber is 2 x 10 -8
Nm/degree. Calculate the current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer. [Ans. 500 div/A]
(July 2018) (3)
(11) A cyclotron is used to accelerate protons to a kinetic energy of 5 MeV. If the strength of
magnetic field in the cyclotron is 2T, find the radius and the frequency needed for the applied
alternating voltage of the cyclotron. (Given: Velocity of proton-3x 10 7 m/s) [Ans. f=3.049 x
107 Hz, r=0.1566 m] (March 2019) (3)
(12) A coil has 'n' turns, each of cross-sectional area 1.6 cm². The axis of the coil is kept
inclined at 30° with the direction of uniform magnetic field of induction 2 N/Am. The torque
of 0.02 Nm is experienced by the coil, when a current of 1.25 A flows through each turn.
Calculate n. [Ans. 100] (July 2019) (2)
(13) A moving coil galvanometer (M.C.G. has 10 turns each of length 12cm and breadth 8
cm. The coil of M.C.G. carries a current of 125 μA. and is kept perpendicular to the uniform
magnetic field of induction 10-2T. The twist constant of phosphor bronze fiber is 12 x 10 -9
Nm/degree. Calculate the deflection produced. [Ans. θ =10°] (March 2020) (2)
(14) If a charge of 50μC is moving with speed of 50m/s parallel to the direction of magnetic
field, find the mechanical force acting on charged particle. [Ans. 0] (Oct 2021) (1)
(15) A circular loop of radius 9.2 cm carries a current of 2.3 A. Obtain the magnitude of
magnetic field at the centre of loop. [Ans. 1.571 x 10-5 T] (Oct. 2021) (2)
(16) Calculate the value of magnetic field at a distance of 3cm from a very long straight wire
carrying a current of 6 A.[Ans. 4 x 10-5 T] (March 2022) (2)
(17) A current of equal magnitude flows through two long parallel wires separated by 0.2 cm.
If force per unit length of 4 x 10 -2 N/m acts on both the wires respectively, calculate the
current through each wire. [Ans. 20 A] (July 2022) (3)
(18) Calculate the current flowing through two long parallel wires carrying equal currents and
separated by a distance of 1.35 cm experiencing a force per unit length of 4.76 x 10 -2 N/m.
[Ans. 56.68 A] (Feb. 2023) (3)
L No. 11 MAGNETIC MATERIALS
Theory:
(1) Define magnetization. State its formula and S. I. unit. (March 2013) (2)
(2) What is: (a) Magnetization and (b) Magnetic intensity? (Oct 2013, Feb. 2015) (2)
(3) Show that the orbital magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron is 2 (Feb. 2014) (2)
(4) Give any 'two' points of differences between diamagnetic and ferromagnetic substances.
(Oct. 2015) (2)
(5) Distinguish between 'paramagnetic' and 'ferromagnetic' substances. (Feb. 2016) (2)
(6) Draw the diagrams showing the dipole moments in paramagnetic substance when external
magnetic field is (a) absent (b) strong. (July 2016) (2)
(7) Distinguish between diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances. (July 2017) (2)
(8) Define magnetization. Write its SI unit and dimensions. (March 2018) (2)
(9) What happens to a ferromagnetic substance heated above Curie temperature? (March
2019) (1)
(10) What happens if the rod of diamagnetic material is placed in a non-uniform magnetic
field? (July 2019) (1)
(11) What is magnetization? Write its unit and dimensions. (Oct. 2021) (1)
(12) Obtain the expression for Bohr magneton. (Oct. 2021) (3)
(13) What is magnetization, magnetic intensity and magnetic susceptibility? (March 2022) (3)
(14) Derive an expression for orbital magnetic moment of an electron revolving around the
nucleus in an atom. State the formula for the Bohr magneton. (July 2022) (3)
(15) What is gryomagnetic ratio? Write the necessary expression. (July 2022)
(16) (a) Define and state unit and dimensions of Magnetization
(b) Explain magnetic susceptibility. (Feb. 2023) (3)

Problems:
(1) A circular coil of 250 turns and diameter 18 cm carriers a current of 12 A. What is the
magnitude of magnetic moment associated with the coil? [Ans. 76.35 Am²] (March 2013) (2)
(2) The magnetic susceptibility of annealed iron at saturation is 4224. Find the permeability
of annealed iron at saturation. (µ = 4 x 10-7 S.I. unit) [Ans. 5.310 x 10-3] (Oct 2013) (2)
(3) The susceptibility of magnesium at 300 K is 2.4 x 10 -5. At what temperature will the
susceptibility increase to 3.6 x 10-5? [Ans. 200 K] (Feb. 2014)
(4) The magnetic moment of a magnet of dimensions 5 cm x 2.5 cm x 1.25 cm is 3 Am².
Calculate the intensity magnetic moment associated with the coil. [Ans. 1.920 × 10 5A/m]
(Oct. 2014) (2)
(5) A circular coil of 300 turns and average area 5 x 10 -3m² carries a current of 15 A.
Calculate the magnitude of magnetic moment associated with the coil. [Ans. 22.5 Am³] (Feb.
2018) (2)
(6) An iron rod of area of cross section 0.1m2 is subjected to a magnetising field of 1000
A/m. Calculate the magnetic permeability of the iron road. [Magnetic susceptibility of iron-
59.9; Magnetic permeability of vacuum=4π x 10 -7 S. 1. Unit.] [Ans. 7.654 x 10 -5Wb/A-m]
(Oct. 2015) (2)
(7) The susceptibility of magnesium at 200 K is 1.8 x 10 -5. At what temperature will the
susceptibility decrease by 6 x 10-6? [Ans. 300 K) (Feb. 2016) (2)

(8) The susceptibility of magnesium at 300 K is 1.2 x 10 -5. At what temperature will the
susceptibility increase to 1.8 x 10-5? [Ans. 200 K] (July 2016) (2)
(9) Find the magnetization of a bar magnet of length 10 cm and cross-sectional area 4 cm², if
the magnetic moment is 2 Am². [Ans. 5 x 104 A/m] (July 2017) (2)
(10) The susceptibility of magnesium at 300 K is 1.2 × 10 -5. At What will be its susceptibility
at 200 K? [Ans. 1.8 x 10-5] (March 2019) (2)
(11) The susceptibility of magnesium at 300 K is 1.2 x 10 -5. At what temperature the
susceptibility will decrease by 0.4 x 10-5? [Ans. 450 K] (July 2019) (2)
(12) An electron in an atom is revolving round the nucleus in a circular orbit of radius 5,3 x
10-11 m with a speed of 3x106m/s. Find the angular momentum of electron. [Ans. 1.447 x 10 -34
kg m2/s] (March 2022) (2)
(13) A bar magnet of mass 120 g in the form of a rectangular parallelopiped, has dimensions
l=40 mm, b=10 mm and h=80 mm, with its dimension 'h' vertical, the magnet performs
angular oscillations in the plane of the magnetic field with period seconds. If the magnetic
moment is 3.4 Am², determine the influencing magnetic field. [Ans. 2 x 10 -5 Wb/m2] (Feb.
2023) (2)

L. No. 12 - ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Theory:
(1) State Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction and Lenz's law. (March 2013) (2)
(2) Prove theoretically, the relation between e.m.f. induced and rate of change of magnetic
flux in a coil moving in a uniform magnetic field. (March 2013) (3)
(3) Obtain an expression for the induced e.m.f. in a coil rotating with uniform angular
velocity in uniform magnetic field. Plot a graph of variation of induced e.m.f. against phase
(0-ot) over one cycle. (Oct 2013) (4)
(4) State the principle of a transformer. Explain its construction and working. Derive an
expression for the ratio of e.m.f.s in terms of number of turns in primary and secondary coil.
(Feb. 2014) (4)
(5) Explain the phenomenon of self induction and mutual induction. Define coefficient of self
induction and mutual induction. Write the SI unit and dimensions of coefficient of self
induction. (Oct. 2014) (4)
(6) Obtain an expression for e.m.f. induced in a coil rotating with uniform angular velocity in
a uniform magnetic field. Show graphically the variation of e.m.f. with time (t). (Feb. 2015)
(4)
(7) Obtain an expression for average power dissipated in a purely resistive A.C. circuit.
Define power factor of the circuit and state its value for purely resistive A. C. circuit. (Oct.
2015) (3)
(8) State the principle on which transformer works. Explain its working with construction.
Derive an expression for ratio of e.m.f.s and currents in terms of number of turns in primary
and secondary coil. (Feb. 2016) (4)
(9) What is electromagnetic induction? Prove theoretically e= - dϕ/ dt (July 2016) (5)
(10) Explain self induction and mutual induction. (March 2017) (3)
(11) State the principle of working of transformer. Explain the construction and working of a
transfer. Derive an expression for e.m.f. and current in terms of turns ratio. (July 2017) (5)
(12) Prove theoretically, the relation between e.m.f. induced and rate of change of magnetic
flux in the electric circuit in electromagnetic induction. (March 2011, 2018) (4)
(13) What is series LCR circuit? Obtain the expression for impedance. Hence state the
conditions for series resonance and derive the expression for resonant frequency. (July 2018)
(4)
(14) Explain the working of a transistor as a switch. (July 2018) (3)
(15) At
(16) Assuming expression for impedance in a parallel resonant circuit, state the conditions for
parallel resonance. Define resonant frequency and obtain an expression for it. (March 2019)
(3)
(17) Obtain an expression for average power dissipated in series LCR A.C. circuit. Hence
obtain an expression for power factor of the circuit. (July 2019) (3)
(18) What does the negative sign indicate in Lenz's law? (March 2020) (1)
(19) Derive an expression for magnitude of magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron.
(March 2020) (2)
(20) State Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction. (Oct. 2021) (2)
(21) Define the following: (a) Self inductance (b) Mutual inductance. (Oct-2021) (2)
(22) Derive an expression for emf (e) generated in a conductor of length (1) moving in
uniform magnetic (B) with uniform velocity (v) along x-axis. (March 2022) [2]
(23) What is transformer? With the help of suitable diagram describe working of transformer.
(July 2022) (4)
(24) Derive an expression for energy stored in the magnetic field in terms of induced current.
(Feb. 2023) (2)

Problems:
(1) A metal rod 1/ sqrt (π) m long rotates about one of its ends perpendicular to a plane whose
magnetic induction is 4 x 10-3 T. Calculate the number of revolutions made by the rod per
second if the e.m.f. induced between the ends of the rod is 16 mV. [Ans. 4 r.p.s.]
(Feb. 2014) (2)
(2) An A.C. circuit consists of inductor of inductance 125 mH connected in parallel with a
capacitor of capacity 50 µF. Determine the resonant frequency. [Ans. 63.65 Hz] (Oct. 2014)
(2)
(3) The magnetic flux through a loop varies according to the relation ϕ= 8t 2+6t+ C, where 'C'
is constant, ' ϕ ' is in milliweber and 't' is in second. What is the magnitude of induced e.m.f.
in the loop at t 2 seconds? [Ans. 2 x 10-3 TJ] (Feb. 2015) (2)
(4) A coil of 100 turns, each of area 0.02 m 2 is kept in a uniform field of induction 3.5 × 10 -5
T. If the coil rotates with a speed of 6000 r.p.m. about an axis in the plane of the coil and
perpendicular to the magnetic induction, calculate peak value of e.m.f. induced in the coil.
[Ans. 43.99 x 10-3 VJ] (Oct 2015) [2]
(5) The co-efficient of mutual induction between primary and secondary coil is 2H. Calculate
induced e.m.f. if current of 4 A is cut off in 2.5 x 10 seconds. [Ans. 3.2 x 104 volt] (Feb.
2016)
(6) The magnetic flux through a loop is varying according to a relation ϕ = 6t 2+7t+1 where is
‘ϕ’ in milliweber and t is in second. What is the e.m.f. induced in the loop at t=2 second?
[Ans. 31 × 10-3 VJ] (March 2017) (2)
(7) A capacitor of capacitance 0.5 μF is connected to a source of alternating e.m.f. of
frequency 100 Hz. What is the capacitive reactance? (π=3.142) [Ans. 3182] (March 2018)
(8) A closely wound solenoid of 1000 turns and area of cross-section 2 x 10 m² carries a
current of 1A. It is placed in a horizontal plane with its axis making an angle of 30° with the
direction of uniform magnetic field of 0.16 T. Calculate the torque acting on the solenoid.
[Ans. 0.016 N-m] (July 2018) (2)
(9) A circular coil of 300 turns and diameter 14 cm carries a current of 15A. Calculate the
magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment associated with the coil. [Ans. 69.28 Am²] (March
2020) (2)
(10) A parallel L-C circuit comprises of a 5H inductor and 5uF capacitor. Calculate the
resonant frequency of the circuit. [Ans. 31.83 Hz] (March 2020)
(11) A straight conductor is moving with a velocity of 3 m/s, at right angles to a magnetic
field 4.5 x 10-5 Wb/ m². If an e. m. f. developed between its ends is 1.35 x 10 4 volt, calculate
the length of straight conductor. [Ans. 1 m] (Oct. 2021) (2)
(12) Two inductor coils with inductance 10mH and 20mH are connected in series. What is
the resultant inductance of the combination of the two coils? [Ans. 30 mH] (March 2022) (1)
(13) An emf of 91 mV is induced in the windings of a coil, when the current in a nearby coil
is
increasing at the rate of 1.3 A/s, what is the mutual inductance (M) of the two coils in mH?
[Ans. 70 mH] (March 2022) (3)
(14) An emf of 96.0 mV is induced in the windings of a coil when the current in a nearby coil
is increasing at the rate of 1.20 A/s. What is the mutual inductance (M) of the coils? [Ans. 80
× 10-3 H] (July 2022) (2)
(15) An aircraft of a wing span of 50 m flies horizontally in earth's magnetic field of 6 x 10 -5
T. Calculate the velocity required to generate an e.m.f. of 1.2 V between the tips of the wings
of the aircraft. [Ans. 400 m/s] (July 2022) (2)
(16) A wire 5 m long is supported horizontally at a height of 15 m along east-west direction.
When it is about to hit the ground, calculate the average an e,m,f induced in it. [Ans. 311.76 x
10-5 V] (Feb. 2023) (2)

L. No. 13 – AC CIRCUITS
Theory:
(1) When is an AC Circuit non-inductive? (Oct 2021) [1]
(2) Explain why the total impedance of a circuit decreases when a capacitor is added in series
with inductor and resistor. (Oct 2021) [2]
(3) Define: (a) Inductive reactance (b) Capacitive reactance (e) Impedance. (March 2022) [3]
(4) Explain the terms: (a) Capacitive reactance (b) Inductive reactance (e) Impedance. (July
2022) [3]
(5) What is the average value of alternating current over a complete cycle? (Feb 2023) [1]

Problems:
(1) An alternating e.m.f., e-200 sin314.21 volt is applied between the terminals of an electric
bulb whose filament ha a resistance of 100 n. Calculate the following:
(a) RMS current (b) Frequency of AC signal (e) Period of AC signal.
[Ans. (a) 1.414 A (b) 50 Hz (e) 0.02 second] (Oct. 2021) (3)

(2) A 0.1 H inductor, a 25x 10 -6F capacitor and a 15 resistor are connected in series to 120V ,
50Hz AC source. Calculate the resonant frequency. [Ans. 100.8 Hz] (March 2022) (3)
(3) A 1000 mH inductor, 36 mF capacitor and 12Ω resistor are connected in series to 120 V,
50 Hz AC source. Calculate: (i) impedance of the circuit at resonance (il) current at resonance
(iii) resonant frequency. [Ans. (i) 12 to (ii) 10 A (iii) 26.52 Hz] (July 2022) (3)
(4) A 100 resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate: (a) r.m.s. value of current
and (b) net power consumed over the full cycle. [Ans. (a) 2.2 A (b) 484 watt)] (Feb. 2023)
(2)

L N0 14 DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

Theory:
(1) State Einstein's photoelectric equation. Explain two characteristics of photoelectric effect
on the basis of Einstein photoelectron equation. (March 2008, 2013; Oct. 2010) (3)
(2) Draw a well labelled diagram of photoelectric cell. Explain the observations made by
Hertz and Lenard about the phenomenon of photoelectric emission. (Oct 2013) (3)
(3) Describe the construction of photoelectric cell. (Feb. 2014) (2)
(4) Draw a neat labelled circuit diagram of experimental arrangement for study of
photoelectric effect. (Oct. 2015) (2)
(5) With the help of a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a photodiode. State its any
'two' uses. (Oct. 2015) (2)
(6) State Einstein's photoelectric equation. Explain any two characteristics of photoelectric
effect on the basis of this equation. (Jul y 2018) [3]
(7) What is photoelectric effect? Define: (i) Stopping potential, (ii) Photoelectric work
function. March 2019) [3]
(8) Describe an experiment for the study of characteristics of photoelectric effect. (July 2019)
(9) Define: (a) Threshold frequency (b) Photoelectric work function. (Feb. 2020) (2)
(10) With a neat, labelled schematic diagram, explain the experimental set-up for
photoelectric effect. (Oct. 2021) (3)
(11) Is it always necessary of use red light to get photoelectric effect? (March 2022) (1)
(12) Explain de Broglie wavelength. Obtain an expression for de Broglie wavelength of wave
associated with the material particles. (March 2022) (2)
(13) How does the wave theory of light fail to explain the observations from experiment on
photoelectric effect. [Give any two points] (July 2022) (2)
(14) What is de-Broglie hypothesis? Obtain the relation for de-Broglie wavelength. (July
2022) (3)
(15) With neat labelled circuit diagram, describe an experiment to study the characteristics of
photoelectric effect. (Feb. 2023) (3)
Problems:
(1) The photoelectric work function for a metal is 4.2 eV. If the stopping potential is 3 V, find
the threshold wavelength and maximum kinetic energy of emitted electrons. (Velocity of
light in air= 3x108 m/s) Planck's constant= 6.63 x 10-34 J-s, Charge on electron=1.6 × 10-19 C)
[Ans. 2959 Å; 4.8 x 10-19 J] March 2013 (3)
(2) Find the wave number of a photon having an energy of 2.072 eV.
Given: Charge on electron 1.6 x 10 -19 C, Velocity of light air =3 × 10 8 m/s, Planck's constant
h=6.63 x 10-34 J-s.] [Ans. 1.667 x 106 m-1] (Feb. 2014) (2)
(3) The photoelectric threshold wavelength of a metal is 230 nm. Determine the maximum
kinetic energy in joule and in eV of the ejected electron for the metal surface when it is
exposed to a radiation of wavelength 180 nm.
[Planck's constant: h=6.63 x 10-34 J-s, Velocity of light: c=3x 108 m/s.]
[Ans. 2.402 x 10-19 J =1.5 eV] (Oct. 2014) (3)
(4) The threshold wavelength of silver is 3800 A. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy in
eV of photoelectrons emitted, when ultraviolet light of wavelength 2600 A falls on it.
(Planck's constant, h=6.63 x 10-34 J.S., Velocity of light in air, c=3x 108 m/s]
[Ans. 1.51eV] (Feb. 2015) (2)
(5) The photoelectric current in a photoelectric cell can be reduced to zero by a stopping
potential of 1.8 volt. Monochromatic light of wavelength 2200 A is incident on the cathode.
Find the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons in joules. [Charge on electron = 1.6 ×
10-19 C. [Ans. 2.88 x 10-19 J] (Oct 2015) (3).
(6) The photoelectric work function for a metal surface is 2.3 eV. If the light of wavelength
6800 A is incident on the surface of metal, find threshold frequency and incident frequency.
Will there be an emission of photoelectrons or not? [Velocity of light c = 3 x 10 8 m/s,
Planck's constant, h = 6.63 × 10-34 Js] [Ans. 5.55 x 1014 Hz; no emission] (Feb. 2016) (3)
(7) Light of wavelength 3000 Å falls on a metal surface having work function 2.3 eV.
Calculate the maximum velocity of ejected electrons. (Planck's constant h = 6.63 x 10 -34 J.s.,
Velocity of light c = 3 x 108 m/s, Mass of an electron = 9.1 x 10-31 kg)
[Ans. 8.051 x 105 m/s] (July 2016) (3)
(8) The work functions for potassium and cesium are 2.25 eV and 2.14 eV respectively. Is the
photoelectric effect possible for either of them if the incident wavelength is 5180?
(Given: Planck's constant h=6.63 x 10-34 J.s.; Velocity of light c= 3 x 108 m/s;
1 eV= 1.6 x 10-19 J]
[Ans. λ01 =15525 Å, λ02=025809 Å; Photoelectric effect is possible] (March 2017) (3)
(9) If the total energy of radiation of frequency 1014 Hz is 6.63 J, calculate the number of
photons in the radiation. (Planck's constant 6.63 x 10-34 J.S.) [Ans. n=1020] (July 2017) (2)
(10) If the work function of a metal is 3 eV, calculate the threshold wavelength of that metal.
[Ans. 4.144 x 10-7 m] (July 2017) (2)
(11) The work function for a metal surface is 2.2 eV. If light of wavelength 5000 Å is
incident on the surface of the metal, find the threshold frequency and incident frequency. Will
there be an emission of photoelectrons or not? (c = 3 x 10 8 m/s, 1 eV 1.6 x 10-19 J, h=6.63 x
10-34 J.s.)
[Ans. v = 6 x 1014 Hz; vo = 5.309x 1014 Hz; emission is possible... v > vol] (March 2018) (3)
(12) The photoelectric work function for a metal surface is 3.84 x 10 -19 J. If the light of
wavelength 5000 Å is incident on the surface of the metal, will there be photoelectric
emission?
[Ans. Vo 5.792x 1014 Hz; v = 6 x 10 14 Hz; As v > vo emission is possible.] (Feb. 2020) (2)
(13) The photoelectric work function for a metal is 5 eV. Calculate the threshold frequency
for the metal. [Ans. 1.207 x 1015 Hz] (Oct. 2021) (2)
(14) The photoelectric work function for a metal is 4.2 eV. Find the threshold wavelength.
[Ans. 2959 Å] (March 2022) (2)
L N-15 STRUCTURE OF ATOMS AND NUCLEI
Theory:
(1) State law of radioactive decay. Hence derive the relation N = N 0e-λt. Represent it
graphically.
(March 2013, 2019; July 2016) (3)
(2) Write notes on: (a) Nuclear fission (b) Nuclear fusion. (Oct 2013) (2)
(3) In a hydrogen atom, an electron carrying charge 'e' revolves in an orbit of radius with
speed 'v'. Obtain an expression for the magnitude of magnetic moment of a revolving
electron. (Oct 2013) (3)
(4) Derive an expression for the total energy of electron in 'n'th Bohr orbit. Hence show that
energy of the electron is inversely proportional to the square of principal quantum number.
Also define binding energy. (Oct. 2014) (4)
(5) Obtain an expression for the radius of Bohr orbit for H-atom. (Oct 2015)
(6) State Bohr's third postulate for hydrogen (H2) atom. Derive Bohr's formula for the wave
number. Obtain expressions for longest and shortest wavelength of spectral lines in
ultraviolet region for hydrogen atom. (Oct. 2015) (7)
(7) With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the Geiger-Marsden experiment. What
is mass defect? (Feb. 2016) (4)
(8) Draw a neat, labelled energy level diagram for H atom showing the transitions. Explain
the series of spectral lines for H atom, whose fixed inner orbit numbers are 3 and 4
respectively. (March 2017) (4)
(9) Draw a neat and labelled energy level diagram and explain Balmer series and Brackett
series of spectral lines for hydrogen atom. (March 2018) (4)
(10) Obtain an expression for energy of an electron in Bohr orbit. Hence obtain the
expression for its binding energy. (July 2018) (4)
(11) Using an expression for energy of electron, obtain the Bohr's formula for hydrogen
spectral lines. (March 2019) (3)
(12) What is the expression for minimum angular momentum of electron in hydrogen atom?
(July 2019) (1)
(13) State the name of the visible series in hydrogen spectrum. (March 2020) (1)
(14) State any two postulates of Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom. (March 2020) (2)
(15) State any two limitations of Bohr's atomic model? (Oct. 2021) (2)
(16) What is the mathematical formula for third postulate of Bohr's atomic model? (March
2022) (1)
(17) Derive an expression for the radius of the nth Bohr orbit of the electron in hydrogen
atom. (March 2022) (2)
(18) State the first and second postulate of Bohr's atomic model. (July 2022) (2)
(19) Write the mathematical formula for Bohr magneton for an electron revolving in nth
orbital.
(20) State postulates of Bohr's atomic model. (Feb. 2023) (3)
Problems:
(1) Find the value of energy of electron in eV in the third Bohr orbit of hydrogen atom
[Rydberg's constant (R) = 1.097 x 107 m-1, Planck's constant (h) = 6.63 x 10-34 J-s,
Velocity of light in air (c) = 3 x 108 m/s.]
[Ans. 1.516 eV] (March 2013) (2)
(2) The velocity of electron in the 1st Bohr-orbit having radius 0.53A is 2200 km/s. Calculate
the frequency of revolution of electron in the same orbit. [Ans. 6.606 x 10 15 Hz] (Oct 2013)
(2)
(3) Calculate the radius of second Bohr orbit in hydrogen atom from the given data.
Mass of electron = 9.1 x 10-31 kg; Charge on the electron = 1.6 x 10-19 C;
Planck's constant = 6.63 x 10-34 J-s.; Permittivity of free space =8.85 x 10-12 C2/Nm².
[Ans. 2.1126 A] (Feb. 2014) (3)

(March 2013) (2)

(4) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron moving with (1/3) rd of the speed of
light in vacuum. (Neglect relativistic effect) (Planck's constant : h = 6.63 × 10 -34 Js, Mass of
electron: m = 9.11 × 10-28 g) [Ans. 7.278 x 10-12 m] (Oct. 2014) (2)
(5) An electron is orbiting in 5th Bohr orbit. Calculate ionisation energy for this atom, if the
ground state energy is -13.6 eV. [Ans. 0.544 eV] (Feb. 2015) (2)
(6) The decay constant of radioactive substance is 4.33 × 10 -4 per year. Calculate its half life
period. [Ans. 0.16 x 104 s] (Feb. 2016) (2)
(7) What is de Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated through 25000 volt?
[Ans. 0.077 x 10-10 m] (July 2016) (2)
(8) Find the frequency of revolution of an electron in Bohr's 2nd orbit; if the radius and speed
of electron in that orbit is 2.14 x 10-10 m and 1.09 × 106 m/s respectively. [π=3.142]
[Ans. 8.106 x 1014 Hz] (March 2017) (2)
(9) An electron in an atom revolves around the nucleus in an orbit of radius 0.53. If the
frequency of revolution of an electron is 9 x 10 9 MHz. Calculate the orbital angular
momentum.
(Given: Charge on an electron = 1.6 x 10-19 C; Gyromagnetic ratio = 8.8 x 1010 C/kg;
π=3.142]
[Ans. 0.1443 x 10-33 kg m2/s] (March 2017) (3)
(10) Thorium 90Th 232 is disintegrated into lead 82Pb200. Find the number of α and ẞ particles
emitted in disintegration. [Ans. α-particles = 8, ẞ -particles =8] (July 2017) (2)
(11) Find the ratio of longest wavelength in Paschen series to shortest wavelength in Balmer
series. [Ans. 5.131] (July 2017) (2)
(12) The electron in the hydrogen atom is moving with a speed of 2.3 × 106 m/s in an orbit of
radius 0.53. Calculate the period of revolution of electron. (π = 3.142) [Ans. 1.448 × 10 -16 s]
(March 2018) (2)
(13) Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron moving with one fifth of the speed of
light. Neglect relativistic effects. (h = 6.63 x 10 -34 J.S., C = 3 × 108 m/s, mass of electron = 9
× 10-31 kg) [Ans. 0.1235 A] (March 2018) (2)
(14) The energy of an excited hydrogen atom is -0.85 eV. Find the angular momentum of the
electron. (h=6.63 x 10-34 J.S., π = 3.142, E, =-13.6 eV) [Ans. 4.22 x 10-34 J.s] (July 2018) (2)
(15) Calculate the wavelength of Hꙋ, line and series limit for Brackett series. [Ans. 4377 A;
14.640 A] (July 2019) (3)
(16) Energy of an electron in the second Bohr orbit is -3.4 eV. Calculate the energy of an
electron in the first Bohr orbit. [Ans. 1.51 eV] (March 2020) (2)
(17) Calculate the minimum energy required to take an electron from the ground state to the
first excited state in hydrogen atom. [Ans. 10.2 eV] (Oct. 2021) (1)
(18) The half-life of a radioactive species is 3.2 days. Calculate decay constant (per day)
[Ans. 0.2165 per day] (Oct. 2021) (2)
(19) Determine the shortest wavelengths of Balmer and Paschen series. Given the limit for
Lyman series is 912 Å [Ans. λB=3648 Å, λp=8208 Å] (March 2022) (3)
(20) The Photoelectric work function for a metal surface is 3.84 x 10 -19J. If the light of
wavelength 5000 A' is incident on the surface of the metal, will there be photoelectric
emission? (March 2022) (2)
(21) The half-life of a nuclear species is 1.386 years. Calculate its decay constant per year.
[Ans. 0.5 per year] (July 2022) (1)
wavelength in nm.
(22) Compute the ratio of the longest wavelength of Lyman and Balmer series in hydrogen
atom. (July 2022) (2)
(23) An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 100 volt. Calculate de-
Broglie
[Ans. 0.1228 nm] (Feb. 2023) (1)
(24) Disintegration rate of a radio-active sample is 1010 per hour at 20 hours from the start. It
reduces to 5 x 10° per hour after 30 hours. Calculate the decay constant. [Ans. 0.0693 per
hour] (Feb. 2023) (2)

L N -16 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

Theory:
(1) With the help of neat labelled circuit diagram explain the working of half wave rectifier
using semiconductor diode. Draw the input and output waveforms. (March 2013) (3)
(2) Explain the working of transistor as a switch. (Oct 2013) (3)
(3) Explain the working of P-N junction diode in forward and reverse biased mode. (Feb.
2014) (3)
(4) Explain the formation of energy band diagram in case of conductor and semiconductor.
(Oct. 2014) (3)
(5) What are α and ẞ parameters for a transistor? Obtain a relation between them. (Feb.
2015)
(6) Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor. (Give any two points). (July
2016)
(7) Draw the schematic symbols for AND, OR, NOT and NAND gate. (July 2016) (2)
(8) Explain with a neat diagram, how a p-n junction diode is used as a half wave rectifier.
(March 2017) (3)
(9) Draw a neat circuit diagram to study the characteristics of common emitter n-p-n
transistor.
With the help of a graph, explain the output characteristics of this transistor. (July 2017) (3)
(10) What is Zener diode? How is it used as a voltage regulator? (March 2018) (3)
(11) Distinguish between p-type and n-type semiconductors. (March 2019) (2)
(12) Name the logic gate which generates high output when at least one input is high. (March
2019) (1)
(13) When does p-n junction diode act as a closed switch and as an open switch? State any
four notes advantages of semiconductor devices. (July 2019) (3)
(14) What is a rectifier? With the help of the neat circuit diagram explain the working of
all full wave rectifier. (March 2020) (4)
(15) What is the phase difference between input signal voltage and output signal voltage in
CE amplifier? (Oct. 2021) (1)
(16) What is light emitting diode? Explain working of a LED. (Oct 2021) (2)
(17) Write the Boolean Expression of exclusive - OR (X-OP) gate. (March 2022) (1)
(18) What is a rectifier? With the help of a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a half
wave rectifier. (March 2022) (2)
(19) Define ad and Bae- Obtain the relation between them. (July 2022)
(20) Explain the working of n-p-n transistor in common base configuration. (Feb. 2023)