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Chapter 6 Test Item File Nevid
1) Excessively rigid patterns of behaviour, or ways of relating to others, that ultimately

become self-defeating because of their rigidity are called ________ disorders.
A) adjustment
B) psychotic
C) personality
D) neurotic
Answer: c
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 215 Skill: Conceptual
2) The warning signs of personality disorders usually become evident in ________.

A) childhood
B) adolescence
C) middle adulthood
D) late adulthood
Answer: a
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 215 Skill: Factual
3) People who have personality disorders tend to perceive their disturbed behaviours or
traits as ________.
A) superfluous
B) egocentric
C) ego syntonic
D) ego dystonic
Answer: c
4) The term that refers to personality traits that are perceived as a natural part of oneself
is ________.
A) integral
B) egocentric
C) ego syntonic
D) ego dystonic
Answer: c
5) Each of the following is true of people with personality disorders EXCEPT ________.
A) they are likely to seek professional help on their own for their problems
B) their behaviour patterns are highly resistant to change
C) they do not generally perceive a need to change their behaviours
D) their rigidity prevents them from adjusting to external demands
Answer: a
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 1

6) People who have anxiety or mood disorders tend to perceive their disturbed behaviours
as ________.
A) integral
B) egocentric
C) ego syntonic
D) ego dystonic
Answer: d
7) The term that refers to personality traits that are perceived as being separate or outside
one's self-identity, and thus changeable, is ________.
A) superfluous
B) egocentric
C) ego syntonic
D) ego dystonic
Answer: d
8) The DSM-IV lists personality disorders on Axis ________.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
Answer: b
9) The DSM-IV groups personality disorders into ________ clusters.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
Answer: b
10) The DSM-IV lists ________ individual personality disorders.

A) 2
B) 6
C) 10
D) 14

Answer: c
11) In the DSM-IV listing of personality disorder clusters, people who are perceived as
odd or eccentric would be listed under cluster ________.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: a
12) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster A personality disorder?

A) paranoid
B) schizoid
C) antisocial
D) schizotypal
Answer: c
13) In the DSM-IV listing of personality disorder clusters, people whose behaviour is
overly dramatic, emotional, or erratic would be listed under cluster ________.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: b
14) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster B personality disorder?

A) avoidant
B) histrionic
C) narcissistic
D) antisocial
Answer: a
15) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster B personality disorder?

A) borderline
B) passive-aggressive
C) histrionic
D) narcissistic

Answer: b
16) In the DSM-IV listing of personality disorder clusters, people who often appear
anxious or fearful in their behaviour are listed under cluster ________.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: c
17) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster C personality disorder?

A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) histrionic
D) obsessive-compulsive
Answer: c
18) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster C personality disorder?

A) dependent
B) borderline
C) avoidant
Answer: b
19) People with personality disorders listed under DSM-IV cluster ________ often have
difficulty relating to others or show little or no interest in developing social
relationships.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: a
20) The defining trait of ________ personality disorder is pervasive suspiciousness.

A) antisocial
B) paranoid

C) schizoid
D) avoidant
Answer: b
21) Ginette is overly sensitive to criticism. She takes offence at the most trivial real or
imagined slight. She does not trust others, is easily angered, and holds grudges. She
has few friends and is extremely jealous and possessive of her one boyfriend, whom
she is always accusing of "playing around" on her. She is most likely suffering from
________ personality disorder.
A) antisocial
B) paranoid
C) histrionic
D) avoidant
Answer: b
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 216 Skill: Applied
22) The DSM-5 includes all of the following changes EXCEPT __________.
A) a reduction of the number of personality disorders
B) an increase in the number of personality disorders
C) updated criteria based on core impairments
D) a new measure of dysfunction called the Levels of Personality Functioning
Scale
Answer: d
23) In the DSM-5, the definition of a personality disorder focuses on all of the following
EXCEPT __________.
A) pervasive and problematic patterns of thinking, emotions, and behaviour
B) personality traits that contribute to a failure to adapt
C) an impaired sense of identity
D) a failure to develop effective interpersonal functioning
Answer: a
24) In the DSM-5, there are __________ instead of __________ personality disorders.
A) 8; 10
B) 12; 10
C) 6; 8
D) 6; 10
a
Answer: d

25) The DSM-5 has dropped __________ personality disorder.

A) narcissism
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) schizoid
D) avoidant
Answer: c

A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) schizotypal
D) antisocial
Answer: a

A) borderline
B) paranoid
C) antisocial
D) narcissistic
Answer: b

A) histrionic
B) antisocial
C) avoidant
D) schizotypal
Answer: a
29) The DSM-5 includes __________ domains on a Five-Factor Model of Personality.

A) trait
B) adaptive
C) characteristic
D) interpersonal functioning
Answer: a

30) The DSM-5 includes all of the following domains EXCEPT _________.
A) compulsivity
B) extroversion
C) disinhibition
D) antagonism
Answer: b
31) People with paranoid personality disorder are ________ to seek treatment for
themselves and are more likely to be ________.
A) unlikely; men than women
B) likely; men than women
C) unlikely; women than men
D) likely; women than men
Answer: a
32) People from other cultures tend to be guarded or defensive in their behaviour.
Clinicians need to be careful not mistake this behaviour for ______ personality
disorder.
A) paranoid
B) schizoid
C) schizotypal
D) antisocial
Answer: a
33) Social isolation is the cardinal feature of ________ personality disorder.

A) schizoid
B) schizotypal
C) narcissistic
D) avoidant
Answer: a
34) Alexis is a "loner." She has little interest in social relationships and appears distant
and aloof. She rarely shows any emotional expression and seems indifferent to praise
and criticism. She is usually wrapped up in abstract ideas and has little time for, or
interest in, people. She is most likely suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) schizotypal
B) schizoid

C) narcissistic
D) avoidant
Answer: b
35) Those with schizoid personality disorder usually ________.

A) experience anxiety in social situations.
B) express emotions openly
C) show little or no emotion
D) are oversensitive to criticism
Answer: c
36) Rachid puts on a superficial display of social aloofness. But deep inside he harbours
deep curiosities about other people, and exquisite sensitivity. He wishes for love that
he cannot openly express, and often expresses his sensitivity in deep feelings and
affection for animals rather than for people. He is typical of someone with ________
personality disorder.
A) schizotypal
B) dependent
C) borderline
D) schizoid
Answer: d
37) André appears aloof but harbours deep curiosities about people and wishes for love
that he cannot express. He is able to express his love for his poodle. André likely has
__________ personality disorder.
A) schizotypal
B) paranoid
C) schizoid
D) antisocial
Answer: c
38) Manny falsely believes his co-workers are talking about him and that they get
depressed because he regularly listens to blues music. This thinking style is called
_________.
A) paranoia
B) ideas of reference
C) a fifth sense
D) ideas of forecast

Answer: b
39) With schizoid personality disorder, sensitivity is sometimes expressed in deep

feelings for _______.
A) children
B) nature
C) animals
D) family
Answer: c
40) Schizotypal personality disorder usually becomes evident in ________.

A) childhood
B) adolescence
C) early adulthood
D) middle adulthood
Answer: c
41) People whose behaviours and mannerisms are particularly odd, but not severe enough
to merit a diagnosis of schizophrenia, are said to be suffering from ________
A) schizoid
B) schizotypal
C) schizoaffective
D) histrionic
Answer: b
42) Danielle is a little "different" from other people. She often feels as if deceased
relatives are in the room with her. She believes she possesses a "sixth sense" by which
she can read people's minds and foretell the future. She talks to herself frequently and
often speaks to others in a meandering, vague, although not incoherent manner. She is
often unkempt, believes people are talking about her, and tends to be socially aloof.
She is most likely suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) schizoid
B) avoidant
C) histrionic
D) schizotypal
Answer: d

43) Schizotypal personality is believed to affect about ________ % of the general

population.
A) 1
B) 3
C) 7
D) 10
Answer: b
44) The eccentricity associated with schizoid personality is ________.

A) limited to a lack of interest in social relationships
B) limited to bizarre ideation regarding one's destiny or importance in life
C) limited to obsessive interest in the bizarre or the occult
D) pervasive, affecting nearly every aspect of the person's life
Answer: a
45) The eccentricity associated with personality is ________.

A) limited to a lack of interest in social relationships
B) limited to bizarre ideation regarding one's destiny or importance in life
C) limited to obsessive interest in the bizarre or the occult
D) pervasive, affecting a wide range of odd behaviours, beliefs, and perceptions
Answer: d
46) Each of the following is true of people with personality disorder EXCEPT ________.
A) they may develop ideas of reference
B) they may feel the presence of deceased family members in the room and not
realize that the person is not really there
C) they may attach unusual meanings to words, and their own speech may be
vague or unusually abstract
D) they may appear unkempt and display unusual mannerisms, such as talking to
themselves in the presence of others
Answer: b
47) Schizotypal personality disorder may actually be a mild form of ________.

A) paranoia
B) major affective disorder
C) schizophrenia

D) an adjustment disorder
Answer: c
48) ________ people diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder go on to develop

schizophrenia.
A) Relatively few
B) About half
C) A great majority
D) Virtually all
Answer: a
49) People with personality disorders listed in cluster ________ of the DSM-IV tend to
engage in excessive, unpredictable, and self-centred patterns. They have difficulty
forming and maintaining relationships.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: b
50) People with ________ personality disorder persistently disregard the rights and
feelings of others and feel little or no remorse for their actions.
A) paranoid
B) borderline
C) narcissistic
D) antisocial
Answer: d
51) To people who know her casually, Lynette is very charming. But underneath her
superficial charm is a monster. She is impulsive, self-centred, insensitive to others,
and irresponsible; has little anxiety; and feels no guilt or remorse when she hurts
someone else. She blames others for her problems and rarely learns from her
mistakes. She sees others as tools to be used to meet her own needs. While she can
appear to be the nicest person in the world, if you get in her way—watch out! Mary is
most likely suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) paranoid
B) narcissistic
C) sadistic

D) antisocial
Answer: d
52) A cardinal feature of ________ personality disorder is lack of remorse.

A) antisocial
B) borderline
C) narcissistic
D) paranoid
Answer: a
53) Men are ________ likely than women to have antisocial personality disorder.
A) less
B) just as
C) almost as
D) more
Answer: d
54) People with _________ personality disorder display low levels of anxiety in
threatening situations.
A) paranoid
B) schizoid
C) schizotypal
D) antisocial
Answer: d
55) The prevalence of antisocial personality disorder in Canada has been ________ for
men and ________ for women.
A) declining; declining
B) rising; declining
C) declining; rising
D) rising; rising
Answer: d
56) To receive a diagnosis of “antisocial personality disorder,” a person must be at least

________ years of age.
A) 12

B) 15
C) 18
D) 21
Answer: c
57) Children who exhibit antisocial behaviour patterns are said to be suffering from
________ disorder.
A) psychopathic
B) conduct
C) attention-deficit
D) maturity
Answer: b
58) The terms psychopath and sociopath once referred to individuals diagnosed with
A) sadistic
B) paranoid
C) antisocial
D) schizotypal
Answer: c
59) The PCL-R is used to measure interpersonal and affective traits, such as ________.
A) callousness, selfishness, and the remorseless use of others
B) anxiety and depression
C) paranoia, social isolation, and persistent suspiciousness of others
D) delusional thinking
Answer: a
60) Paul Bernardo is a classic example of a person with ________ personality disorder.
A) narcissistic
B) paranoid
C) antisocial
D) schizotypal
Answer: c

61) Researchers now believe psychopathic personality is composed of ________

somewhat independent dimensions.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
Answer: a
62) The diagnostic features of antisocial personality disorder require evidence of a

conduct disorder prior to age __________.
A) 21
B) 18
C) 16
D) 15
Answer: d
63) About ________ % of prison inmates could be diagnosed with antisocial personality
disorder.
A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100
Answer: b
64) Psychopathic personality is composed of _________ factors.

A) social and personality
B) personality and behaviour
C) social and behaviour
D) social and cognition
Answer: b
65) In Canada, males are __________ times more likely than females to be diagnosed
with antisocial personality disorder.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Answer: a
66) Which of the following is NOT one of the psychophysiological or biological factors
associated with antisocial personality and psychopathy?
A) lack of emotional responsiveness
B) lack of restraint or impulsivity
C) a need for a low level of stimulation
D) limbic abnormalities
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 223-224 Skill: Factual
67) Laboratory experiments provide evidence that people with antisocial personalities
experienced little anxiety in anticipation of impending ______.
A) emotions
B) incarceration
C) pain
D) ECT
Answer: c
68) Which of the following is NOT a biological factor associated with the possible cause
of antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy?
A) lack of emotional responsiveness
B) craving for stimulation
C) overactive prefrontal cortexes
D) limbic system abnormalities
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 223-224 Skill: Factual
69) The level of arousal associated with peak performance and maximum feelings of
well-being is referred to as _________ level of arousal.
A) baseline
B) optimal
C) exaggerated
D) heightened
Answer: b
70) People with borderline personality disorder tend to see others as _________.
A) threatening
B) mirror images of themselves

C) all good or all bad

D) a target for seduction
Answer: c
71) Instability in self-image, relationships, and mood and a lack of control are the
hallmark features of ________ personality disorder.
A) schizoid
B) schizotypal
C) antisocial
D) borderline
Answer: d
72) Marilyn Monroe and Lawrence of Arabia are two people with personality
characteristics similar to those of ________ personality disorder.
A) avoidant
B) dependent
C) borderline
D) narcissistic
Answer: c
73) Marcella is uncertain about her goals, values, loyalties, career, and friends.
Sometimes she is not even certain if she is heterosexual or lesbian. She feels bored
and empty and is terrified of being alone. She clings desperately to her friends
because of her fear of abandonment. However, her clinging behaviour and her
oversensitivity to any sign of rejection often push away those friends. Marcella is
A) avoidant
B) borderline
C) histrionic
D) dependent
Answer: b
74) Borderline personality disorder is estimated to occur in about ________ % of the

population.
A) 0.5
B) 2
C) 5
D) 10

Answer: b
75) About ________ % of people diagnosed with borderline personality are women.
A) 35
B) 50
C) 75
D) 95
Answer: c
76) The term “borderline personality” was originally used to refer to individuals whose
behaviour appeared to be on the border between ________.
A) introverted and extroverted
B) heterosexual and homosexual
C) passive and aggressive
D) neurotic and psychotic
Answer: d
77) Borderline personality disorder appears to be closest in its dynamics to ________

disorders.
A) mood
B) adjustment
C) anxiety
D) dissociative
Answer: a
78) Instability of moods is a central characteristic of ________ personality disorder.

A) dependent
B) paranoid
C) borderline
Answer: c
79) Researchers have noted an association between _________ and later development of
borderline personality disorder.
A) alcohol abuse
B) conduct disorder

C) attention-deficit disorder
D) childhood sexual abuse
Answer: d
80) Persons with borderline personality disorder may exhibit __________ as an

expression of anger or a means of manipulating others.
A) self-mutilation
B) passive-aggressiveness
C) promiscuity
D) violent acts
Answer: a
Page Ref: 226
81) According to the psychodynamic perspective, borderline personalities ________.

A) cannot synthesize positive and negative aspects of personality into an
integrated whole
B) are fixated in the anal stage of development
C) cannot accept the mortality of their physical body and periodically lash out in
rebellion against eventual death
D) develop elaborate fantasy worlds as a defence against responsibilities they feel
ill-equipped to handle
Answer: a
82) People who show excessive emotionality; who have excessive needs for praise,
reassurance, and approval; and who constantly need to be the centre of attention are
A) dependent
B) histrionic
C) borderline
D) narcissistic
Answer: b
83) Marc is a born actor. He is always the centre of attention. He is highly dramatic,
overemotional, self-centred, spoiled, and inconsiderate of his friends. While he can
appear charming, and is often flirtatious and seductive, he has no deep feelings
toward anyone and has never had a truly intimate relationship. He has poor self-
esteem and tries to impress others as a means of improving his own self-worth. He is
A) histrionic

B) dependent
C) narcissistic
D) antisocial
Answer: a
84) The central feature of ________ personality disorder is a constant need for “hogging
centre stage” and getting others to pay attention to them.
A) histrionic
B) dependent
C) narcissistic
D) borderline
Answer: a
85) Females may be more likely than males to be diagnosed with ________ personality
disorder, though some studies suggest that the actual rates of occurrence may be
similar.
A) antisocial
B) paranoid
C) narcissistic
D) histrionic
Answer: d
86) People with conversion disorder are ________.

A) equally unlikely to show features of histrionic or dependent personality
disorder
B) more likely to show features of histrionic personality disorder than dependent
personality disorder
C) more likely to show features of dependent personality disorder than histrionic
personality disorder
D) very likely to show features of both dependent and histrionic personality
disorders
Answer: c
87) Rapid alterations between adulation and outrage would be interpreted by a

psychoanalyst as __________.
A) splitting
B) polarization
C) ego defence

D) ego suppression
Answer: a
88) At a therapy session, Naomi told her therapist she was the best therapist in the whole
world and that only she could ever help her. At her next session, Naomi accused her
therapist of being inadequate, uncaring, and only in practice to make money using
sick people. Naomi is showing symptoms of __________ personality disorder.
A) narcissistic
B) paranoid
C) histrionic
D) borderline
Answer: d
89) Alan puts on a front of being very flirtatious and seductive, and he typically draws
attention to himself by dressing in an overly “macho” manner. He hopes to someday
be a male model or an actor, but he is plagued by inner doubts and insecurities about
himself, despite his successful image, and he constantly feels the need to impress
others to boost his own ego and self-image. His behaviour is typical of someone with
A) narcissistic
B) histrionic
C) borderline
D) schizotypal
Answer: b
90) The central feature of ________ personality disorder is an overblown sense of

oneself.
A) dependent
B) histrionic
C) narcissistic
D) borderline
Answer: c
91) Gisele loves to brag about her accomplishments. While she is not overly dramatic or
flirtatious, she enjoys being the centre of attention. She is self-absorbed and lacks
empathy for others. She is successful in her career and very proud of her
accomplishments. Gisele just wishes that others would show more appreciation of

how wonderful she is. She is preoccupied with fantasies of future success, power, and
recognition. Gisele is most likely suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) antisocial
B) histrionic
C) narcissistic
D) borderline
Answer: c
92) Which of the following is NOT true of narcissistic personalities?

A) They are virtually invulnerable to criticism.
B) They are often driven by insatiable ambition.
C) They are often superficially charming and friendly, but they see people as
pawns who can serve their interests.
D) They seek and surround themselves with flatterers who lavish them with
unconditional praise.
Answer: a
93) People with histrionic personality disorder share certain features with ___________
A) schizoid
B) antisocial
C) narcissistic
D) borderline
Answer: c
94) Rocco is very self-absorbed and likes to brag about his accomplishments. He likes to
be the centre of attention and lacks empathy. Rocco likely has _________ personality
disorder.
A) histrionic
B) antisocial
C) borderline
D) narcissistic
Answer: d
95) People with personality disorders from DSM-IV cluster ________ share the common
component of fear or anxiety in their behaviour patterns.
A) A
B) B

C) C
D) D
Answer: c
96) Interpersonal relationships are invariably strained by the demands that people with
narcissistic personality disorder impose on others and by their lack of _______ with
and concern for other people.
A) working
B) identification
C) cooperation
D) empathy
Answer: d
97) People who are so terrified of criticism or rejection that they are generally unwilling
to enter relationships are suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) schizoid
B) paranoid
C) antisocial
D) avoidant
Answer: d
98) Hansa wants to be involved with people. In fact, she truly loves people and has strong
needs for affection and acceptance. But her fears of rejection and public
embarrassment prevent her from reaching out to those around her. Instead, she sticks
to her routine and refuses to take any risks or try anything new. Hansa is most likely
suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) paranoid
D) histrionic
Answer: b
99) Avoidant personality disorder is ________ as common in men as in women.

A) one-quarter
B) one-half
C) just
D) twice

Answer: c
100) There is a good deal of overlap between generalized social phobia and ________
A) schizoid
B) dependent
C) antisocial
D) avoidant
Answer: d
101) There is a good deal of overlap between avoidant personality disorder and
________.
A) posttraumatic stress disorder
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) generalized social phobia
D) antisocial personality
Answer: c
102) People who are overly reliant on others to give them advice or make decisions for
them are suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) schizotypal
D) histrionic
Answer: a
103) Melissa is a thoughtful and considerate person but has a difficult time making
decisions on her own. She relies on her one best friend, someone she has known
since childhood, to give her advice on virtually every decision she makes.
Sometimes Melissa even asks the friend to make the decision for her. At work, she
holds a position far below her potential and has refused several promotion
opportunities. She is most likely suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) schizotypal
D) histrionic
Answer: a

104) Dependent personality disorder has been linked to each of the following disorders
EXCEPT ________.
A) major depression
B) bipolar disorder
C) social phobia
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder
Answer: d
105) There appears to be a link between dependent personality disorder and what
psychodynamic theorists would label ________ behaviour problems.
A) phallic
B) anal
C) oral
D) genital
Answer: c
106) Each of the following is true of people suffering from dependent personality
disorder EXCEPT ________.
A) it is diagnosed more frequently in women than in men
B) it is linked to problems with what psychodynamic theorists call “anal”
behaviours
C) it is linked to such physiological problems as hypertension, cancer, ulcers, and
colitis
D) dependent personalities often attribute their problems to physical, rather than
emotional, causes and seek advice from medical experts
Answer: b
107) The defining features of ________ personality disorder are traits such as
perfectionism, rigidity, being overly meticulous, and having difficulties coping with
ambiguity.
A) histrionic
B) paranoid
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) avoidant
Answer: c

108) Matt is a perfectionist. He is so preoccupied with perfection that he almost never

gets things done on time. He procrastinates and focuses so closely on trivial details
that he often fails to see how the details fit into the bigger picture. Socially, he rarely
goes out because he is too busy working. He often won't make choices because he
fears making the wrong choice. Matt's life is dominated by rigid expectations and
goals. Matt is suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) schizotypal
B) avoidant
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) histrionic
Answer: c
109) About ________ % of people in community samples are diagnosed with obsessive-
compulsive personality disorder.
A) 1
B) 5
C) 8
D) 12
Answer: a
110) Dependent personality disorder has been linked to such physical problems as
__________.
A) cancer
B) Alzheimer’s disease
C) lupus
D) osteoporosis
Answer: a
111) Dependent personality disorder has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT
__________.
A) smoking
B) eating disorders
C) alcoholism
D) self-injury
Answer: d

112) The diagnosis of women with dependent personality disorder is controversial. It

may be due to a sense of blaming the victim, and __________ issues can explain
this.
A) socialization
B) women’s rights
C) family
D) personality
Answer: a
113) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is ________ as common in men as in

women.
A) one-quarter
B) one-half
C) just
D) twice
Answer: d
114) Which of the following is NOT a problem with the current system for the
classification of personality disorders?
A) There remain nagging questions about the reliability and validity of the
diagnoses of personality disorders.
B) There is not enough overlap among the various categories of personality
disorders.
C) The present classification system blurs the distinction between normal and
abnormal variations in personality.
D) Some of the categories of personality disorders may have underlying sexist
biases.
Answer: b
115) Bastin went on vacation with his family. He found it necessary to schedule each day
with activities and even made a list for everyone to use. He resented eating in
restaurants, claiming that they could save money by eating meals in their motel
rooms. While away, all Bastin could think about was what he should be doing back
at work. Bastin likely has ___________ disorder.
A) dependent personality
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) histrionic personality
D) obsessive-compulsive personality
Answer: d

116) People with obsessive-compulsive disorder are preoccupied with _________.

A) themselves
B) their emotions
C) impulsive thinking
D) perfection
Answer: d
117) Some commentators of the DSM system believe there is a high degree of
__________ among the personality disorders.
A) variance
B) predictability
C) inconsistency
D) overlap
Answer: d
118) There are personality disorders for ________.

A) neither stereotypically masculine nor stereotypically feminine behaviour
B) stereotypically masculine but not stereotypically feminine behaviour
C) stereotypically feminine but not stereotypically masculine behaviour
D) both stereotypically masculine and stereotypically feminine behaviour
Answer: c
119) The concept of ________ personality seems to be a caricature of the traditional

stereotype of the feminine personality.
A) narcissistic
B) dependent
C) borderline
D) histrionic
Answer: d
120) The DSM-5 reduces the number of personality disorders from __________.
A) 10 to 6
B) 10 to 8
C) 12 to 6
D) 12 to 8

Answer: a
121) Livesley has suggested that the definition of personality disorder should also include
measureable dysfunction in all of the following domains EXCEPT _________.
A) self system
B) societal relationships
C) interpersonal relationships
D) family system
Answer: d
Page Ref: 235
122) Women are at greater risk of receiving a diagnosis of __________ personality

disorder, and men are at greater risk of receiving a diagnosis of _________
A) histrionic; antisocial
B) histrionic; dependent
C) dependent; narcissistic
D) narcissistic; antisocial
Answer: a
123) In one study, psychologists, social workers, and psychiatrists displayed gender bias
when it came to diagnosing __________ personality disorder.
A) histrionic
B) borderline
C) schizoid
D) narcissistic
Answer: b
124) Each of the following statements is true EXCEPT ________.

A) personality disorders are convenient labels for identifying common patterns of
ineffective and ultimately self-defeating behaviour
B) the labels used to identify personality disorders have been useful in helping to
explain their causes
C) clinicians appear to have a gender bias in diagnosing some personality
disorders
D) many of the traits used to describe personality disorders are commonly found
in normal people
Answer: b

125) Freud believed that most personality disorders have their roots in the ________.
A) collective unconscious
B) Oedipus complex
C) anal stage of development
D) development of the id
Answer: b
126) Freud believed that most personality disorders have their roots in ________.
A) poor toilet training
B) oral fixations
C) failure of the ego to develop properly
D) failure to resolve the Oedipus/Electra complex
Answer: d
127) According to Freud, proper resolution of the Oedipus complex is represented by the
development of the ________.
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) persona
Answer: c
128) According to Freud, many factors may interfere with appropriate identification with
a parent's moral reasoning, such as having a weak or absent _____.
A) superego
B) sibling
C) father
D) set of morals
Answer: c
129) Recent (post-Freudian) psychodynamic theories have focused on the age period of
________ as the time period when most personality disorders begin.
A) birth to 18 months
B) 18 months to 3 years
C) 3 to 5 years
D) 5 to 9 years

Answer: b
130) Recent advances in psychodynamic theory focus on the development of ________.

A) the superego
B) the id
C) the collective unconscious
D) the sense of self
Answer: d
131) Heinz Kohut's views on the development of personality are labelled ________
psychology.
A) personal
B) self
C) individual
D) client-centred
Answer: b
132) According to Kohut, childhood narcissism ________.

A) is normal and sets the stage for healthy development when combined with
parental empathy
B) is normal and sets the stage for healthy development when confronted with
strict discipline from parents
C) is pathological and must be dealt with early and forcefully
D) is pathological if it involves the belief that “the world revolves around me”
Answer: a
133) According to Kohut, lack of ________ may set the stage for pathological narcissism
in adulthood.
A) a structured environment
B) consistent discipline during toilet training
C) parental empathy and support
D) idealistic parental behaviour
Answer: c
134) According to Kohut, lack of parental empathy and support may set the stage for
pathological ________ in adulthood.
A) paranoia

B) insecurity
C) compulsiveness
D) narcissism
Answer: d
135) Albert suffers from narcissistic personality disorder. His therapist says that his
problem is due to a lack of parental empathy and support for his normal childhood
narcissism. This conceptualization of Albert's problem is most like that of
________.
A) Kohut
B) Kernberg
C) Mahler
D) Millon
Answer: a
136) The idea that borderline personality disorder stems from a pre-Oedipal failure to
develop a sense of constancy and unity in one's image of the self and others was
proposed by ________.
A) Kohut
B) Kernberg
C) Mahler
D) Millon
Answer: b
137) The concept “splitting” is central to ________ psychodynamic theory of borderline

personality.
A) Kohut’s
B) Kernberg’s
C) Mahler’s
D) Millon’s
Answer: b
138) Kernberg used the concept of “splitting” to explain ________ personality disorder.
A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) histrionic
D) borderline

Answer: d
139) According to Kernberg, children who fail to synthesize contradictory images of

good and bad in themselves and others are likely to have tendencies toward
________.
A) reactivity
B) splitting
C) individuation
D) schizotypal traits
Answer: b
140) Brent suffers from borderline personality disorder. His therapist says that his
problems are due to a failure to develop a consistent self-image and splitting. This
conceptualization of Brent's problem is most like that of ________.
A) Kohut
B) Kernberg
C) Mahler
D) Millon
Answer: b
141) According to Mahler, infants develop a(n) ________ attachment to their mothers.
A) reciprocal
B) ego syntonic
C) symbiotic
D) ego dystonic
Answer: c
142) A state of “oneness” in which a child's identity is fused with that of the mother is
called ________.
A) symbiosis
B) synthesis
C) identity diffusion
D) reciprocation
Answer: a
143) The concept of separation-individuation was developed by ________.

A) Kohut

B) Kernberg
C) Mahler
D) Millon
Answer: c
144) Mahler used the concept of separation-individuation to explain ________

A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) histrionic
D) borderline
Answer: d
145) Dominic suffers from borderline personality disorder. His therapist tells him that his
problem stems from a failure of separation-individuation while he was growing up.
His therapist's conceptualization of the problem is most like that of ________.
A) Kohut
B) Kernberg
C) Mahler
D) Millon
Answer: c
146) Marcel suffers from dependent personality disorder. If learning theorists are correct,
his problem arises from ________ when he was a child.
A) too much parental attention and reinforcement attached to his physical
appearance
B) excessive parental control and discipline
C) lack of reward or encouragement for exploratory behaviour
D) sibling rivalry combined with attention-seeking, emotional parents
Answer: c
147) Stephen suffers from obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. If learning

theorists are correct, his problem arises from ________ when he was a child.
A) too much parental attention and reinforcement attached to his physical
appearance
D) sibling rivalry combined with attention-seeking, emotional parents

Answer: b
148) Jean-Pierre suffers from histrionic personality disorder. If learning theorists are
correct, his problem arises from ________ when he was a child.
A) consistently attentive parents
D) sibling rivalry combined with attention-seeking
Answer: d
149) Tyler suffers from antisocial personality disorder. If social-cognitive theorists are
correct, his problem arises from ________ when he was a child.
A) a complete lack of discipline and punishment
D) lack of consistency and predictability in his learning experiences
Answer: d
150) Researchers have found that people with borderline personality disorder remember
their parents as significantly more ________.
A) affectionate and smothering
B) controlling and less caring
C) permissive and inconsistent
D) confused and inconsistent
Answer: b
151) When borderline personalities recall their earliest memories, they are more likely to
paint significant others as ________.
A) evil
B) affectionate
C) distant
D) strict
Answer: a
152) Recent research has uncovered a link between borderline personality disorder and
________.

A) a family history of schizophrenia

B) being adopted at or near birth
C) childhood trauma
D) social rejection in adolescence
Answer: c
153) Family factors such as ________ have been implicated in the development of
dependent personality disorder.
A) a weak or absent parent
B) lack of emotional bonding between parents and children
C) overprotectiveness
D) permissiveness
Answer: c
154) Family factors such as ________ have been implicated in the development of
dependent personality disorder.
A) a weak or absent parent
B) lack of emotional bonding between parents and children
C) authoritarianism
D) permissiveness
Answer: c
155) The McCords have conducted research relating early childhood ________ and
subsequent delinquency.
A) fear experiences
B) parental rejection
C) failure experiences
D) sexual experiences
Answer: b
156) According to the family perspective, the key factor in the development of antisocial
personality is ________.
A) parental rejection, parental neglect, and failure of the parents to love the child
B) extreme strictness in parental rules of conduct combined with unduly harsh
punishments
C) parental overprotectiveness and “smothering,” leading to rejection of parental
values by the child

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1) Excessively rigid patterns of behaviour, or ways of relating to others, that ultimately

2) The warning signs of personality disorders usually become evident in ________.

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Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 215 Skill: Factual

8) The DSM-IV lists personality disorders on Axis ________.

9) The DSM-IV groups personality disorders into ________ clusters.

10) The DSM-IV lists ________ individual personality disorders.

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12) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster A personality disorder?

14) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster B personality disorder?

15) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster B personality disorder?

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17) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster C personality disorder?

18) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster C personality disorder?

20) The defining trait of ________ personality disorder is pervasive suspiciousness.

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Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 216 Skill: Factual

25) The DSM-5 has dropped __________ personality disorder.

26) The DSM-5 has dropped __________ personality disorder.

27) The DSM-5 has dropped __________ personality disorder.

28) The DSM-5 has dropped __________ personality disorder.

29) The DSM-5 includes __________ domains on a Five-Factor Model of Personality.

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33) Social isolation is the cardinal feature of ________ personality disorder.

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35) Those with schizoid personality disorder usually ________.

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39) With schizoid personality disorder, sensitivity is sometimes expressed in deep

40) Schizotypal personality disorder usually becomes evident in ________.

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Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 218 Skill: Applied

43) Schizotypal personality is believed to affect about ________ % of the general

44) The eccentricity associated with schizoid personality is ________.

45) The eccentricity associated with personality is ________.

47) Schizotypal personality disorder may actually be a mild form of ________.

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48) ________ people diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder go on to develop

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52) A cardinal feature of ________ personality disorder is lack of remorse.

56) To receive a diagnosis of “antisocial personality disorder,” a person must be at least

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61) Researchers now believe psychopathic personality is composed of ________

62) The diagnostic features of antisocial personality disorder require evidence of a

64) Psychopathic personality is composed of _________ factors.

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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 15

C) all good or all bad