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14 views4 pages

New Text Document

math

Uploaded by

mohavswf123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Understanding Ratios
A ratio is a way to compare two quantities. It shows how many times the first
quantity contains the second.

Example: If there are 4 apples and 3 oranges, the ratio of apples to oranges is
written as:
4:3
This means for every 4 apples, there are 3 oranges.
2. Writing Ratios
Ratios can be written in three different forms:

Fraction form:
4
3
3
4

Colon form: 4:3


Word form: "4 to 3"
3. Equivalent Ratios
Two ratios are equivalent if they represent the same relationship between numbers.
To check if two ratios are equivalent, you can:

Cross multiply (only for two ratios in fraction form) and see if the products are
equal.
Example: Are the ratios
4
3
3
4

and
8
6
6
8

equivalent?

Cross-multiply:
4
×
6
=
24
4×6=24 and
3
×
8
=
24
3×8=24
Since the products are the same,
4
3
=
8
6
3
4

=
6
8

(they are equivalent).


4. Proportions
A proportion is an equation that shows two ratios are equal. It is written in the
form:

𝑎
𝑏

𝑐
=

𝑑
b
a

=
d
c

𝑏
, where

≠
0
b

=0.
Example:

If a recipe calls for 4 cups of sugar and 6 cups of flour, the ratio of sugar to
flour is
4
6
6
4

If you want to make a larger batch and use 10 cups of sugar, you can set up the
proportion:
4
6
=

𝑥
10

6
4

=
x
10

𝑥
, where

x is the unknown amount of flour.


𝑥
To solve for

x, cross-multiply:
4

𝑥
×

=
6
×
10
4×x=6×10,

𝑥
4

=
60

𝑥
4x=60,

=
15
x=15.

So, for 10 cups of sugar, you need 15 cups of flour.

5. Solving Proportions
To solve proportions, use the cross-multiplication method. This means:

Multiply the numerator of one ratio by the denominator of the other ratio.
Set the two products equal and solve for the unknown value.
Example: Solve
2
3
=

𝑥
8

3
2

=
x
8

Steps:

Cross-multiply:
2

𝑥
×

=
3
×
8
2×x=3×8.
This simplifies to:

𝑥
2

=
24
2x=24.

𝑥
Solve for

𝑥
x:

=
24
2
=
12
x=
2
24

=12.

𝑥
So,

=
12
x=12.

6. Application of Ratios and Proportions


Real-life examples of ratios and proportions:
Recipe ingredients
Speed (distance/time)
Scaling drawings (like maps or models)
Example: A car travels 120 miles in 2 hours. What is the speed in miles per hour?
The ratio of distance to time is
120
2
=
60
2
120

=60.
The car's speed is 60 miles per hour.
Summary
Ratio compares two quantities.
Equivalent ratios represent the same relationship.
A proportion is an equation that sets two ratios equal.
Use cross-multiplication to solve proportions

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