PROTOTYPE AND DESIGN BUILDING

GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION

Team Members:
23951A0491-Thailam Madhulika
23951A04C0-Gaddam Poojitha
24955A0413-Kasoju Likhitha
GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION
ABSTRACT:
Gas leakage poses significant risks to human life and property, making early detection
crucial for safety. This project aims to design and implement a Gas Leakage
Detection System using an Arduino Uno microcontroller and a gas sensor (such as
MQ-2 or MQ-5) to detect the presence of harmful gases like LPG, methane, alcohol,
or carbon monoxide in an environment. The system operates by continuously
monitoring the gas concentration in the air through the MQ gas sensor, which
generates an analog signal proportional to the detected gas level. This signal is read
by the Arduino Uno, which processes the data and compares it to a predefined
threshold. If the gas concentration exceeds the threshold, the system activates a Red
LED and a Buzzer to alert users to the presence of a gas leak. On the other hand, if
the gas concentration is within safe limits, a Green LED is activated to indicate
normal conditions.
INTRODUCTION:
Gas leakage is a significant safety concern, particularly in residential, commercial, and
industrial settings where the presence of flammable or toxic gases like LPG (Liquefied
Petroleum Gas), methane, carbon monoxide (CO), and alcohol can lead to dangerous
situations such as fires, explosions, or poisoning. Ensuring the early detection of gas
leaks is essential for minimizing these risks and protecting lives and property. In this
context, the Gas Leakage Detection System is designed to provide a simple, cost-
effective, and efficient solution for detecting gas leaks in real-time. The system uses
an Arduino Uno microcontroller in combination with a gas sensor, such as the MQ-2
or MQ-5 sensor, to continuously monitor the environment for hazardous gases. The
Arduino Uno processes the data from the gas sensor and, based on the gas
concentration level, activates visual and auditory alerts to warn individuals about
potential gas leaks.
The MQ gas sensors are sensitive to a variety of gases, and the Arduino Uno reads
their analog output to determine whether the gas concentration exceeds a
predefined threshold. If the threshold is crossed, the system triggers a Red LED and a
Buzzer, signaling a gas leak, while a Green LED lights up if the air is safe. The buzzer
provides an audible alarm, while the LEDs offer a visual indication, ensuring that
users are promptly informed of any potential danger.
This project highlights the effectiveness of Arduino Uno in creating practical safety
solutions for everyday applications. With its low cost and ease of implementation, the
Gas Leakage Detection System can be used in homes, kitchens, factories, laboratories,
and other environments where gas leaks pose a risk to health and safety. By
combining sensors, microcontrollers, and simple alarm mechanisms, this system
provides a reliable and accessible approach to preventing the hazards associated with
gas leaks.
LITERATURE SURVEY:
Gas leakage detection is a critical safety concern, especially in environments where
combustible or toxic gases are used or stored. Numerous research studies, projects,
and solutions have been developed to address the dangers posed by gas leaks. This
literature survey explores existing work related to gas leakage detection systems,
with a focus on technologies using Arduino Uno and gas sensors like the MQ series.

1. Gas Leakage Detection Systems: An Overview

Gas leakage detection systems are widely used in residential, industrial, and
commercial settings to prevent accidents caused by the presence of dangerous
gases. According to research conducted by Chauhan et al. (2017), the presence of
gases such as methane, LPG, and carbon monoxide in confined spaces can lead to
dangerous explosions, fires, or health issues. Hence, detecting and responding to
such leaks in real-time is crucial to ensuring safety.
Various methods for detecting gas leaks have been proposed, including infrared
sensors, electrochemical sensors, and semiconductor-based gas sensors. Among
these, semiconductor-based sensors such as the MQ series have become popular for
low-cost, real-time gas detection in many applications. These sensors offer simplicity,
cost-effectiveness, and flexibility for integration with microcontroller systems like
Arduino.
2. Use of MQ Gas Sensors in Gas Detection: The MQ series of gas sensors,
developed by Figaro Engineering, are widely used for detecting various gases like
methane, LPG, alcohol, and carbon monoxide. These sensors operate based on a
semiconductor sensing element that changes resistance when exposed to gases. As
Wang et al. (2016) demonstrated, the MQ sensors provide analog output signals that
can be interpreted by microcontrollers like the Arduino Uno.
3. Integration with Arduino Uno:
The Arduino Uno microcontroller has become a widely popular platform for
developing affordable and flexible solutions in various fields, including gas leak
detection. Its open-source nature, ease of use, and compatibility with a wide range
of sensors, including the MQ series, make it an excellent choice for building gas
detection systems.
In the study by Jasleen et al. (2019), the Arduino Uno was used to create a gas
leakage detection system integrated with the MQ-2 sensor. The system provided
real-time alerts using LEDs and buzzer when dangerous gas concentrations were
detected. The research concluded that Arduino-based systems are reliable, efficient,
and affordable solutions for detecting gas leaks, especially in domestic
environments.
4. Gas Leak Detection Systems in Industry:
Gas leakage detection systems have significant applications in industries such as oil
and gas, chemical plants, and factories, where hazardous gases are commonly used.
According to a study by Dhadge et al. (2020), industrial gas leak detection systems
often require high sensitivity and real-time monitoring. These systems are integrated
with advanced sensors, including infrared sensors and electrochemical sensors, to
ensure safety. However, the Arduino-based gas detection system is gaining
attention as an affordable solution for small-scale and home-based applications.
Researchers like Chakraborty et al. (2021) have explored the use of Arduino with
the MQ series sensors to detect a variety of gases in domestic and semi-industrial
environments. These systems offer a simple but effective way of monitoring and
controlling gas safety, especially in kitchens and residential areas where LPG and
natural gas leaks are common.
COMPONENTS:
1. Power Supply
2. Arduino Uno
3. MQ-5 Gas Sensor
4. Buzzer
5. Communication Modules
6. Jumper Wires
7. Bread board
8. LED’s
BLOCK DIAGRAM
PROPOSED BLOCK DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Project Code:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The Gas Leakage Detection System using Arduino Uno and MQ-2/MQ-5 gas sensors
was successfully developed and tested. The system was designed to monitor the
concentration of gases such as LPG, methane, alcohol, and carbon monoxide, and
provide an alert when gas levels exceed safe thresholds. Below are the key results
from the testing phase:

1.Sensor Performance:
The MQ-2 and MQ-5 gas sensors effectively detected gas concentrations in the test
environment. The sensors showed reliable sensitivity to LPG, methane, and alcohol
(in the case of the MQ-2), and methane and LPG (for the MQ-5). The sensors output
an analog voltage that corresponds to the concentration of gases in the environment.
This data was read by the Arduino Uno using its analog input pin (A0).
2. Response Time:
The system demonstrated a relatively quick response to gas exposure. Upon detecting
gas concentrations above the threshold, the Red LED turned on almost immediately,
and the Buzzer sounded the alarm within seconds.

3. Alarm System: The Red LED and Buzzer effectively alerted the user in the case of a
gas leak, providing both visual and auditory signals to indicate a dangerous situation.
The system was also able to reset itself and return to normal operation once the gas
concentration returned to safe levels.

4. Power Consumption: The Arduino Uno and the connected components (sensor,
LEDs, and Buzzer) consumed minimal power, making it suitable for continuous
monitoring over extended periods without significant energy concerns.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE:
Conclusion:

The Gas Leakage Detection System developed using Arduino Uno and MQ gas
sensors successfully fulfills its objective of providing real-time detection of gas leaks,
ensuring safety in environments such as homes, kitchens, and industrial settings. By
using the MQ-2 and MQ-5 gas sensors, the system is capable of detecting hazardous
gases like LPG, methane, carbon monoxide, and smoke. Upon detecting gas
concentrations that exceed safe thresholds, the system activates both visual (LEDs)
and auditory (buzzer) alarms, effectively alerting users to the potential danger.
The project proves to be a reliable and cost-effective solution for gas leakage
detection. The Arduino Uno microcontroller, combined with MQ sensors, provides
an affordable and efficient alternative to expensive industrial gas detection systems.
This simplicity and low cost make it an ideal choice for residential and small-scale
industrial applications where safety concerns regarding gas leaks are paramount. The
system offers real-time monitoring of gas concentrations, ensuring that users are
promptly informed when the gas levels surpass safety limits. The use of both Red
LED and Buzzer as an alarm mechanism guarantees that the alerts are noticeable
and effective in drawing attention. Furthermore, the system’s flexibility is evident as
it can detect a wide range of gases, depending on the specific MQ sensor used. For
example, the MQ-2 sensor is versatile in detecting gases such as smoke, methane,
and LPG, while the MQ-5 sensor specializes in LPG and methane detection, making it
ideal for natural gas leak detection.
Future Scope:
The future scope of the Gas Leakage Detection System using Arduino Uno and MQ
gas sensors holds significant potential for advancements and broader applications.
One of the key areas for improvement is the integration with Internet of Things
(IoT) technologies, which would allow the system to send real-time alerts to users’
smartphones or other connected devices. This would enable remote monitoring of
gas levels, providing users with the ability to receive notifications even when they
are not physically present at the location. Furthermore, adding cloud-based data
storage could allow for tracking gas levels over time, offering valuable insights for
maintenance and safety audits. Another critical area for future development is
enhancing the sensor accuracy. The MQ sensors are sensitive to environmental
factors such as temperature and humidity, which can affect their performance.