WRITING

WRITING TASK 1
BUỔI 1: BIỂU ĐỒ SO SÁNH

The table compares the percentage of water used for domestic use, industry and agriculture in four different
countries namely…
Overall, the use of water for agriculture is the highest among three purposes. In addition, while Egyptian and
Arabs use water for agriculture most, the amount of water used for industry is dominant in New Zealand and
Canada.(the predominant use of water in New Zealand and Canada is for industry purposes.)
Turning to the details, the percentage of water used for agriculture by Egyptian is 82%, which is 18% higher
than that of Saudi Arabia. Meanwhile, the use of water for industry in Saudi Arabia is three times as high as
that in Egypt. Besides, Egyptian and Arabs need roughly the same amount of water for domestic use, at 8%
and 6% respectively.
New Zealand and Canada, on the other hand, use much water for industry (use a
significant/substantial/considerable amount of water for industry). The amount of water used for industry in
New Zealand is 46%, which is 34% lower than that of Canada. Regarding domestic use, Canadians use twice
as much water as New Zealanders, at 20% and 10% respectively. Also, the proportion of water used for
agriculture in New Zealand is about four times as much as that of Canada.
(182 words)
Predominant (adj) chiếm ưu thế hơn, nổi bật

Bài mẫu
The table gives a breakdown of water usage for three sectors in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, New
Zealand and Canada. Overall, domestic activities consume the least water in all these nations.
Additionally, while the industrial sector is the largest user of water in New Zealand and
Canada, the majority of water consumption is attributed to farming activities in Egypt and Saudi
Arabia.
Regarding domestic purposes, the percentage of water used in Canada is the highest, at 20%,
which is exactly double that of New Zealand. Meanwhile, the figures for Egypt and Saudi Arabia
are similar but negligible, at 8% and 6% respectively.
 In terms of industrial activities, 70% of the total water consumption is for these purposes in
Canada, the highest among all countries listed. This is distantly followed by New Zealand, Saudi
Arabia and Egypt, with respective proportions of 46%, 30% and 10%.
Turning to the agricultural sector, Egypt uses a significant 82% of its water for it, compared to
64% in Saudi Arabia. At the same time, this sector accounts for 44% of New Zealand’s water use,
and in the last position is Canada, as agriculture in this country constitutes merely one-tenth of
the total.
Từ vựng:
 Domestic activities: các hoạt động sinh hoạt trong gia đình
 the largest (adj) user (n) of water (n): người sử dụng lớn nhất của nước
 the majority (n) of (prep): đa số của
 be attributed to: Cụm từ này chỉ ra rằng một cái gì đó được coi là nguyên nhân hoặc nguồn gốc
của một kết quả hoặc tình huống cụ thể.
 double: Từ này biểu thị phép nhân hai hoặc tăng gấp đôi số lượng hoặc kích thước ban đầu.
 negligible: Thuật ngữ này mô tả một cái gì đó quá nhỏ hoặc không đáng kể đến mức nó có thể bị
bỏ qua hoặc coi là không đáng kể.
 This is distantly (adv) followed (v) by (prep): Điều này được theo sau một cách xa xôi bởi
 in (prep) the (adj) last (adj) position (n) is (v): ở vị trí cuối cùng là
 constitute: Từ này biểu thị hành động hình thành hoặc tạo thành một yếu tố hoặc thành phần cụ
thể của một thực thể lớn hơn. (ở bài này là ám chỉ chiếm bao nhiêu phần trăm trong tổng số
100%)

The bar chart illustrates the percentage of young people using car, motorbike, and bicycle in four distinct
countries: Great Britain, the USA, Germany, and France.
Overall, cars are the most popular transport among young people in four countries. Additionally, in France,
the percentage of young people traveling by car is significantly higher than that for the other kinds of
transport.
As can be observed from the graph, around 60% of young people in Great Britain commute by car, which is
similar to the percentage in the USA. Meanwhile, the proportion of young motorcycle commuters in Great
Britain is about 10%, which is approximately 20% lower than this figure in the USA. Roughly 30% of young
people in Great Britain use bicycles, compared to 10% in the USA.
Regarding France, nearly three-fourths of young people choose the car as their transport, which is the
highest among the four countries. In contrast, the figure in Germany is notably lower, at just 40%. Besides,
the proportion of motorcycles used by young people in Germany and France is 15% and 10%, respectively.
Furthermore, with approximately 45% of young people riding bicycles in Germany, the percentage is
noticeably higher than in France, where it is 15%.
SAMPLE:

The bar chart presents data on the transportation preferences of young people across four countries: Great
Britain, the USA, Germany, and France, focusing on cars, motorbikes, and bicycles.

Overall, cars emerge as the most favored mode of transport among young people in all four countries.
Particularly in France, car usage stands out significantly compared to other modes.

In Great Britain and the USA, approximately 60% of young people prefer cars for commuting, with slight
variations observed. Meanwhile, the preference for motorbikes is notably higher in the USA, at around 30%,
compared to Great Britain's 10%. Bicycling is also more popular in the USA, with 10% of young people opting
for it, contrasting with Great Britain's higher 30% preference.

In France, cars dominate transportation choices, chosen by nearly three-quarters of young people, the
highest proportion among the four countries. Germany, on the other hand, shows a lower preference for
cars, with approximately 40% of young people opting for them. Motorbike usage in Germany is higher at
15%, while bicycles are more popular, chosen by about 45% of young people, compared to France's lower
15%.

In summary, cars are consistently the primary mode of transportation for young people across the countries
studied, with notable variations in preferences for motorbikes and bicycles among them.

The bar chart below shows shares of expenditures for five major categories in the United
States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan in the year 2009.
 The presented chart provides information about the proportion of expenditures across four
different countries in 2009, focusing on five major sectors: food, housing, transportation, health care, and
clothing.
Overall, housing emerged as the predominant expenditure category in all four countries.
Additionally, expenditures on food, housing, and transportation significantly outweighted those on health
care and clothing across the board.
In 2009, only 13% of the money spent in the US was on food, while the figure for Japan was
remarkably higher, at around 23%, followed by 2% and 8% lower in the United Kingdom and Canada,
respectively. On the other hand, the United States had the highest proportion of housing expenses, at over
25%. In contrast, citizens in Canada spent about 20% of their outlays on this category, which was the lowest
figure among the four countries. Regarding transportation, however, Canada was the country with the
highest figure, at 20%, contrasting with Japan’s significantly lower figure, at 10%.
In terms of health care, approximately 8% of US expenditures were allocated to this sector,
while the figures for Canada, the UK, and Japan were roughly 4%, 2%, and 4%, respectively. Furthermore,
clothing attracted more spending in Canada and the UK than those in Japan and the US, with around 7% of
expenditures in Canada and the UK, compared to 4% in Japan and the US.
TR: 6.0 CC: 6.0 LR: 5.0 GA: 6.5
SAMPLE:

The provided bar chart illustrates the distribution of expenditures across four nations — the United States,
Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan — in the year 2009, categorizing their spending into five key sectors:
food, housing, transportation, health care, and clothing.

Overall, housing emerged as the predominant expenditure category in all four countries. Additionally,
expenditures on food, housing, and transportation significantly outweighed those on health care and
clothing across the board.

In 2009, the United States allocated only 13% of its expenditures to food, whereas Japan's expenditure in
this category was notably higher, standing at approximately 23%. The figures for the United Kingdom and
Canada were 2% and 8% lower than Japan, respectively. Conversely, the United States led in housing
expenses, with over 25% of expenditures directed towards housing. In contrast, Canada spent approximately
20%, the lowest among the four countries. Regarding transportation, Canada had the highest proportion at
20%, in stark contrast to Japan's significantly lower 10%.

In terms of health care spending, approximately 8% of expenditures in the United States were allocated to
this sector, whereas Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan spent roughly 4%, 2%, and 4%, respectively.
Furthermore, clothing expenditures were higher in Canada and the United Kingdom, accounting for around
7% of expenditures in each country, compared to 4% in Japan and the United States.

Overall, the data reveals significant variations in expenditure patterns across these nations in the specified
year.
The provided chart details the salaries for secondary and high school teachers in five distinct countries:
Australia, Denmark, Luxembourg, Korea, and Japan in the year 2009.
Overall, it is readily apparent that the teachers in Luxembourg generally earned the highest salaries though,
similar to Korea and Japan, it required a long time to reach one’s maximum salary. In contrast, the salaries in
the other nations were comparable with Australia and Denmark requiring notably little time to top incomes.
As can be observed from the table, secondary and high school teachers in Luxembourg were paid a starting
salary of 80,000 dollars a year, which was considerably higher than that in Denmark ($47,000), and all other
countries which were centered loosely around $30,000. The average annual salary displayed a similar
pattern with Luxembourg by far the highest at $112,000, compared to the other nations, at around $50,000.
In terms of maximum salaries, Luxembourg was again the highest ($139,000) though in this category Korea
was the second ($84,500), followed by Japan ($62,400), Denmark ($54,000), and Australia ($48,000). The
time involved to earn those figures was longest in Korea, Japan, and Luxembourg, at 37, 34, and 30 years,
respectively. Conversely, teachers only needed to work 8 and 9 years in turn in Denmark and Australia to
achieve their top salaries.
TR: 7.0 CC: 7.0 LR: 6.0 GA: 6.5
The bar charts detail the production volumes of four distinct dairy products: milk, cheese, butter, and milk
powder by the world's top three manufacturers in 2012.
Overall, it is readily apparent that the EU was the leading producer of all four products. Additionally, the
total milk production outstripped the other dairy products listed, while the opposite was true for milk
powder.
As can be observed from the milk chart, the EU's production stood at over 140,000 metric tons, compared to
that of India and the United States, which was approximately 125,000 and 90,000 metric tons, respectively.
Milk production displayed a similar pattern with the EU by far the highest at loosely around 7000 metric
tons, which was considerably higher than India (5000 metric tons) and the US (nearly 900 metric tons).
In terms of butter, the EU's production was again the highest (4500 metric tons), followed by India and the
US, at about 2000 and 800 metric tons, respectively. Milk powder emerged as the product with the lowest
amount of production. Despite remaining the top manufacturer, the EU only produced around 1200 metric
tons, moderately similar to India, with nearly 1150 metric tons. In contrast, only over 750 metric tons of milk
powder were produced by the United States.
TR: 7.0 CC: 7.0 LR: 6.0 GA: 6.5
The bar chart shows the percentage of males and females aged 18-20 in a city who participated in
various activities in one month in 2015.

The presented chart gives a breakdown of the proportion of young people at the age of 18-20 engaging in
different sports activities in one month in 2015.
Overall, it is clear that cycling emerged as the most prevalent activity among the youth. Additionally, while
the proportion of males surpassed that of females in basketball, football, and hockey, the converse was true
for cycling and swimming.
In 2015, around 33% of young males took part in basketball, while the figure for females was just over 10%.
Football attracted more participation from men aged 18-20, with more than 50%, compared to a significantly
smaller proportion of females, at approximately 15%. Meanwhile, at about 12%, the percentage of young
males participating in hockey games was 7% higher than that of females, at nearly 5%.
In terms of cycling, it was the predominant activity for both genders, with roughly 37% and 40% of males and
females aged 18-20 taking part, respectively. Besides, only one-fifth of young males participated in
swimming, which was notably lower than that of females, accounting for 35%.
( 177 words)

SAMPLE:

1)

The provided bar chart illustrates the participation rates of males and females aged 18-
20 in various sports activities over one month in 2015.

Overall, cycling emerged as the most popular activity among youth, regardless of
gender. Additionally, while more males than females participated in basketball, football,
and hockey, the reverse was observed for cycling and swimming.

Specifically, approximately 33% of young males engaged in basketball, whereas this

figure was slightly above 10% for females. Football garnered significant interest from
young men, with participation exceeding 50%, contrasting sharply with females who
participated at around 15%. In hockey, around 12% of young males participated,
marking a 7% higher rate than females, who accounted for nearly 5%.
Cycling stood out as the most favored activity, with roughly 37% of males and 40% of
females aged 18-20 taking part. Conversely, swimming attracted fewer male
participants, with only around 20%, notably lower than females at 35%.

2)

The bar chart illustrates the participation rates of males and females aged 18-20 in
various sports activities over a one-month period in 2015.

Overall, cycling emerged as the most popular activity among young people in this age
group. Moreover, while more males than females engaged in basketball, football, and
hockey, the opposite trend was observed for cycling and swimming.

In 2015, approximately 33% of young males participated in basketball, whereas the

corresponding figure for females was just over 10%. Football attracted over 50% of
males aged 18-20, in contrast to around 15% of females. Additionally, around 12% of
young males took part in hockey, which was 7% higher than the participation rate for
females, at nearly 5%.

Regarding cycling, it was the predominant activity for both genders, with roughly 37%
of males and 40% of females aged 18-20 participating. Conversely, swimming saw
higher participation among females, accounting for 35%, compared to only about 20%
of males in the same age group.

The chart below shows the results of a survey about people’s coffee and tea buying and
drinking habits in five Australian cities.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant. (Cambridge 15 test 1)

The bar chart depicts how individuals’ habits of coffee and tea purchasing and drinking varies across five
specific cities in Australia.
The bar chart illustrates the distribution of individuals’ coffee and tea purchasing and consumption habits
across five specific cities in Australia.
Overall, it is clear that drinking coffee or tea in a café is more popular than the other methods in all cities,
except for Adelaide due to instant coffee’s domination. In addition, among five cities, Adelaide stands out as
the city with the smallest coffee and tea consumption.
As can be observed from the diagram, fresh coffee purchased within the last four weeks reports the lowest
figure in all five cities, accounting for about 40% of citizens’ drinking habits in Sydney and Melbourne. The
figures for Brisbane and Adelaide are similar, at approximately 35%, while the figure in Hobart is relatively
higher, at nearly 40%.
Regarding instant coffee purchases, Brisbane and Hobart take the lead, comprising around 54% of
individuals. Following closely, Adelaide and Melbourne constitute roughly 50% and 48%, respectively.
Sydney registers the lowest amount of instant coffee bought in the last month, at 45%.
Having coffee or tea at a café plays a significant role in individuals’ drinking habits, as over 60% of the
surveyed people in Sydney, Melbourne, and Hobart take this in their routines. The figure for Brisbane is
slightly lower, at 55%, compared to only under 40% in Adelaide.
The chart shows the average daily minimum and maximum levels of air pollutants in
4 cities in 2000.

The bar chart illustrates how the average daily minimum and maximum levels of air pollutants including SO2
and N2O varied across four specific cities in 2000.
Overall, Mexico City emerged as the city with the highest levels of air pollutants among all the cities
mentioned. Additionally, while SO2 was the primary contributor to air pollution in Calcutta and Beijing, the
converse was true for Los Angeles and Mexico City.
As can be observed from the chart, with levels ranging from 80 to 200 micrograms per cubic metre of SO2,
Mexico City reported the largest amount of SO2 serving as a pollutant. In Los Angeles, the SO2 pollutant was
not prevalent, with the average maximum level only reaching 10 micrograms per cubic metre. This gas also
contributed to up to 100 and 59 micrograms per cubic metre in Beijing and Calcutta, respectively.
Regarding the N2O air pollutant, Mexico City also took the lead, with the maximum amount of 207
micrograms per cubic metre and the minimum of 113 micrograms per cubic metre. The figure for Los
Angeles ranked second, with an average of 70 micrograms per cubic metre, compared to less than 60
micrograms in Calcutta and Beijing.

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BUỔI 2: BIỂU ĐỒ CÓ YẾU TỐ XU HƯỚNG

The given graph illustrates the amount of money ( millions of USD ) was invested in four different sectors,
including property, gold, fine art, and company shares between 1988 and 2014.
Overall, the amount of money spent on all mentioned categories saw an upward trend over the period.
Among them, the figure for gold was highest in the final years of the period.
As can be observed from the table, in 1988, about 50 million USD was invested in property and company
shares, while those for fine art and gold were roughly 75 millions and exactly 100 million respectively. In the
following 18 years, there was a fluctuation in the value of investment in fine art. Meanwhile, the amount of
money allocated in property increased slightly to about 90 million. Also, company shares and gold attracted
a remarkable investment interest ( investor attention), as the figures for both rose to nearly 200 million USD.
From 2006 to 2014, the amount of money invested in gold reached its peak at 450 million in 2012 before
dropping to around 380 million in 2014. Regarding fine art, the amount of invested money witnessed a
dramatic increase and peaked at 340 million in the final year. Moreover, the figure for company shares went
up gradually, while that for property experienced a significant rise to approximately 195 million dollars at the
end.
2)
The presented chart illustrates the proportion of Australian exports to 4 different countries Japan, the US,
China, and India from 1990 to 2012.
Overall, over the 22-year period, the allocation of Australian exports to China and India experienced a
significant increase, while the opposite was true for the US and Japan. Additionally, the figure for China was
the highest at the end of the period.
In 1990, the percentage of Australian exports to China and India was very low, just around 3% and 1%
respectively. Over the next ten years, the share of exports to China witnessed a slight rise to 5%, while the
figure for India almost stayed unchanged. From 2000 to 2012, the Chinese imports from Australia increased
steadily and reached its peak at about 28% in the final year. Meanwhile, during this period, there was a
significant increase of 6% in the figure for India in 2010, before falling marginally to 5% in 2012.
Regarding the US import figure, it fluctuated over the years in a downward trend, reaching a low of nearly
7% at the end of the period. Besides, the rate of exports to Japan declined dramatically from its peak of 27%
in the first year to 17% in 2010, and remained unchanged until 2012.
SAMPLE:

The provided chart illustrates the percentage breakdown of Australian exports to four
distinct countries—Japan, the US, China, and India—from 1990 to 2012.

Overall, there were notable fluctuations in the allocation of Australian exports across
these countries over the 22-year period. Particularly, exports to China and India saw
substantial increases, contrasting with declines observed in exports to the US and
Japan. Notably, China emerged as the leading destination for Australian exports by the
end of the period.

In 1990, Australian exports to China and India were minimal, approximately 3% and
1%, respectively. Over the subsequent decade, exports to China experienced a modest
increase to 5%, while those to India remained relatively stable. From 2000 onwards,
exports to China exhibited a consistent upward trend, peaking at around 28% in 2012.
Conversely, exports to India saw a significant rise to 6% in 2010 before declining
slightly to 5% by 2012.

In contrast, exports to the US showed a downward trajectory throughout the period,

reaching a low of nearly 7% by 2012. Similarly, exports to Japan experienced a steep
decline from 27% in 1990 to 17% in 2010, remaining unchanged until the end of the
period.

Overall, the data indicates dynamic shifts in Australian export distribution to these four
countries, with China's share experiencing remarkable growth while the US and Japan
witnessed declines over the 22-year span.

The provided bar chart illustrates the proportion of males and females having their driving
license in an Asian country over a period of 30 years, commencing from 1980.
Overall, it is clear that the percentage of individuals passing their driving test for both genders
increased over time. Additionally, women had the higher figure for all listed years.
In 1980, around 48% of women taking the driving examination had driving licenses, followed by a
slight increase to 52% in 1990. The year 2000 experienced a significant increase to nearly 70% in the
proportion of females passing their driving exam before this figure declined moderately to about 65% in the
last year of the mentioned period.
In terms of men, on the other hand, there were over 70% of whom failed their driving test in
1980. However, the proportion of males passing their driving examination witnessed a considerable rise
from approximately 30% to 37% in 1990. By 2000, this figure had climbed up to around 50% and remained
unchanged till the end of the period.
(175 words)
The graph below shows the production levels of the main kinds of fuel in the UK between 1981
and 2000.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

The chart below shows changes in the number of international students in Australia
in 2019 and 2020. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features
and make comparisons where relevant.
The bar chart illustrates how the number of foreign students in Australia from six different countries, namely
China, India, Nepal, Vietnam, Brazil, and Malaysia changed in two years, 2019 and 2020.
Overall, it is clear that fewer students from China, Brazil, and Malaysia enrolled in Australian educational
institutions over the two-year period, while the trend was reversed for India, Nepal, and Vietnam.
Additionally, China consistently maintained the highest number of students in Australia.
In 2019, 182,325 students from China came to Australia for their education, followed by a substantial decline
to 167,568 students in the next year. Conversely, the number of Brazil underwent a slight drop, with 22,859
students in 2019 and 21,086 students in 2020. Meanwhile, Australian schools witnessed a moderate
fluctuation in the number of Malaysian students participating over the mentioned period, with nearly 20,000
students each year.
On the other hand, the year 2020 experienced a significant increase in the number of Indian students
choosing Australian schools for their studies, from 92,024 to 108,049 students. The figure for Nepal
displayed a similar pattern, with 46,382 and 50,252 students in 2019 and 2020. There was a modest rise
from 22,204 to 23,268 in the number of Vietnamese students attending Australian schools from 2019 to
2020.
(221 words) 7.0

The bar charts illustrate how the percentages of men and women aged 60-64 in employment
varied across four specific countries in 1970 and 2000.
Overall, the number of males and females participating in work decreased over time, except for
the rates of women in Australia and the USA. Additionally, Japan led the charts for the
examined period.
Regarding men, in 1970, Japan held the highest position, with a significant 84% of men in the
60-64 age group in employment, and this peak was maintained although the rate declined
remarkably to 76% by 2000. Meanwhile, Belgium began with the second-highest figure in 1970
(79%) before dropping drastically by 2000, plummeting to 19%. The figures for Australia and
the USA also witnessed a noticeable decrease of approximately 20%, reaching 47% and 55% by
2000, respectively.
In terms of women, Japan also held the top rank in the two years despite a slight decline of 3%
from 43% to 40%. Belgium had the lowest proportion of 60-64-year-old female employment,
and its figure experienced the same trend, declining modestly from 8% to 7% in 2000. By
contrast, Australia and the USA experienced growth, albeit modest, of 1-2% from 17% and
36%, respectively.

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BUỔI 3: BIỂU ĐỒ HỖN HỢP

(steel: thép)
The first given chart illustrates the number of worker employed of the UK steel industry, and the second line
graph gives information about value changes in this sector from 1970 to 2000.
Overall, the number of people working in the UK steel industry witnessed a considerable decrease over the
mentioned period. Meanwhile, total demand on steel and steel production in UK experienced a drop, while
the opposite was true for the amount of steel imported.
As can be observed from the first chart, in 1970, there were exactly 50,000 employees working in steel
industry. In the following 30 years, this figure witnessed dramatic drop and hit its lowest point of just nearly
17,000 workers in the final year.
Turning to the second presented graph, at the beginning of the period, the total steel demand and steel
manufacture in the UK reached their highest points of 200,000 tonnes and about 165,000 tonnes,
respectively. Regarding steel import, at that time, was approximately 10,000 tonnes. Over a 30-year period,
both total steel demand and production halved, finishing at 100,000 tonnes and roughly 80,000 tonnes,
respectively. By contrast, the year of 2000 recorded a steady rise of around 70,000 tonnes in the import
values, slightly lower than the production of steel.

The first chart below gives information about the money spent by
British parents on their children’s sports between 2008 and 2014. The
second chart shows the number of children who participated in three
sports in Britain over the same time period.

The first line graph illustrates the average amount of money spent by British parents on their children’s
sports during a 6-year period, commencing from 2008. The second chart provides information about how
many children took part in three sport sectors: football, athletics, and swimming in Britain over the same
period.
Overall, it is clear that the amount of money spent on sports for children underwent an increase over time.
Additionally, the children’s involvement in all three different kinds of sports increased over the mentioned
period, while football was notably more popular than athletics and swimming.
As can be observed from the first chart, in 2008, around 20 pounds per month were spent on children’s
participation in sports. This figure then witnessed a significant increase of 13 pounds and reached the
highest point of 33 pounds at the end of the period.
In terms of the number of children taking part in three athletic categories, in 2008, approximately 8 million
British children played football, while only 2 million children were enrolled in swimming clubs and less than 1
million practised athletics. The figures for football participation remained relatively stable over the following
6 years. By contrast, participation in swimming almost doubled, to nearly 4 million children, and there was a
near fivefold increase in the number of children doing athletics.

The charts below show the protein and calorie intakes of people in different parts of the world.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

The bar charts illustrate the average protein and calorie intakes of individuals across four different
parts of the world, namely India, East Africa, Latin America, and North America.
Overall, North America emerges as the region with the highest levels of protein and calories intake,
which is generally over the ideal intake. Additionally, while people in the other mentioned areas
prefer animal protein, the converse is true for India.
As can be observed from the first chart, individuals in India absorb 28 units of protein on average,
with 13 units from animals and 15 units from other supplies. The figures for East Africa are slightly
higher, with 16 units from animals and 15 units from other sources of protein. Meanwhile, the
protein intake in Latin America is 45 units, compared to a significantly higher figure in North
America, at 80 units per person, which is approximately 10 units above the recommended daily
protein intake.
In terms of calorie intake, about 2000 calories are consumed by one person in India, as opposed to
approximately 500 calories more in East Africa, at around 2500 calories. Latin America has the most
ideal calorie intake, with an average of nearly 3000 calories. The calorie intake in North America
displays a similar pattern to its figure for protein intake, with a number of nearly 3500 calories per
person.
(224 words) TA: 6.0 CC: 6.0 LR: 7.0 GA: 7.0 Overall: 6.5

SAMPLE:

The bar charts illustrate the average protein and calorie intakes of individuals across four different
regions of the world, namely India, East Africa, Latin America, and North America.

Overall, North America emerges as the region with the highest levels of protein and calorie intake,
which is generally above the ideal intake. Additionally, while people in the other mentioned areas
prefer animal protein, the opposite is true for India.

As can be observed from the first chart, individuals in India consume an average of 28 units of
protein, with 13 units derived from animal sources and 15 units from other supplies. The figures for
East Africa are slightly higher, with 16 units from animals and 15 units from other sources of protein.
Meanwhile, the protein intake in Latin America is 45 units, compared to a significantly higher figure
in North America, at 80 units per person, which is approximately 10 units above the ideal protein
intake.

In terms of calorie intake, about 2000 calories are consumed by one person in India, as opposed to
approximately 500 calories more in East Africa, at around 2500 calories. Latin America has the most
ideal calorie intake, with an average of nearly 3000 calories. The calorie intake in North America
follows a similar pattern to its protein intake, with a figure of nearly 3500 calories per person.

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BUỔI 4: MAP
The maps below show a plan of a city in 1950 and at the present. Summarise the information
by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. (Đề thi
ngày 13/1/2021)
The given maps illustrate changes in the layout of a particular city since 1950.
Overall, the area has undergone significant changes. The most noticeable changes have taken place
in the residential area’s expansion and an upgrade of local transport infrastructure.
Located on the north bank of a river, the city accommodated a total of 20,000 people in 1950.
Presently, the population has increased tenfold to 200,000 residents, causing the residential area to
significantly expand in all directions, while the business district approximately doubles in area.
Additionally, at present, there is a lake built across the business district and the resident area from
west to east, ending with a dam. Furthermore, a second government building has been constructed
to the south of the plan.
Regarding the infrastructure, in 1950, the city was accessed by major roads dissecting the business
district, running from north to south, and east to west. Curently, a new road linking the southern
and eastern roads has been erected. A new bridge has also been built in line with this road, above
the lake. Meanwhile, an airport on the right of the city has increased dramatically in size.

The maps below show the village of Stokeford in 1930 and in 2010.
The given maps illustrate the transformation of the village of Stokeford from 1930 to 2010.
Overall, the village underwent several significant changes. The most noticeable changes are the
removal of agricultural facilities and the addition of houses.
In 1930, the village consisted mostly of farmlands, which were in the center and in the right side of
the layout. In the north of the village, there was a bridge over the river stroke. Along the main road
in the middle of the map, there were just a few houses, two shops and a post office. Besides, to the
east of the main road, there was a primary school and a large house in the vicinity of the gardens.
By 2010, the farmland had been annihilated to make space for more modern facilities. Housing was
added all along the main road, replacing the former shops, and extra roads with more houses were
also erected in the place of the farmland previously situated. Additionally, the primary school was
augmented with two new blocks to the east. Meanwhile, the garden was shrunk by nearly half, and
the large house was converted into a retirement home. By contrast, the bridge, the post office and
the main road stayed unchanged.
 The given maps illustrate the present construction of the Biology School in a particular
university and its proposed plan for the future.
Overall, it is clear that the Biology school is expected to experience major changes. The most
significant changes will be the expansion of the existing facilities, along with the addition of new
amenities.
As can be observed from the maps, the land to the north of the layout, previously a pine
forest, is predicted to be chopped down to make space for a laboratory and an office, which will be
in proximity to each other. There will be a range of old pines in the vicinity of both sections.
Meanwhile, the library in the centre, the curved road on the left-hand side of the school, and the
indoor sports hall in the top right corner are likely to remain unaltered in the future. By contrast, the
drama centre to the east of the library will transform into a music centre.
Regarding the wooden forest in the bottom left corner, in the future, it is proposed to be
cleared to erect a car park for staffs. The teaching building will undergo a renovation with the
addition of a new building, which will be opposite the former one. The lecture room, similar to the
teaching building, is expected to be expanded with a new room to the south. There is a café
between the teaching building and the lecture room, which will stay unchanged, while the IT centre
is planned to be relocated to the south, where it will triple in size.
(260 words) TA: 6.5 CC: 6.5 LR: 6.5 GA: 6.5

The plans below show a student room for two people and a student room for
one person at an Australian university.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
make comparisons where relevant.
The diagrams compare the layout of a single room and a double room for students at an Australian
university.
Overall, both types of rooms have essential amenities for students. However, the most noticeable
differences between the two room types are the better equipment and larger areas in twin rooms,
which come at the expense of higher rent.
Differences can be seen in the expenses and measurements of the two room types. Students in twin
rooms pay $350 per week, $150 more than those in single rooms. Although rooms designed for one
and two students share the same 6-meter length, their widths differ, with single rooms at 2.5 m and
twin rooms at 4 m.
On the left side of both room types, there is one bathroom and various amenities, including a sink,
stove, and microwave, which are adjacent to each other. Only two-person rooms feature a dining
set opposite a television, catering for entertainment during meals. Adjoining the right-hand side of
this set, there are two cupboards that divide double rooms into two sections, each with a bed and a
study desk. In contrast, on the right side of the one-person room, there is only a study desk and a
bed, accompanied by a TV behind the study desk.
 at the expense of (idiom): If you do one thing at the expense of another, doing the first thing
harms the second thing
 a dining set : bộ bàn ăn
 cater for sb/sth: phục vụ ai/cái gì
(210 words) TA: 7.0 CC: 7.0 LR: 5.5 GA: 6.5

The plans show how a coastal land has developed into a coastal park.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

The pictures depict how a coastal region has changed after being transformed into a seaside park.
Overall, it is clear that the area has undergone significant changes. The most noticeable changes
were the removal of agricultural structures and the addition of new amenities for entertainment
purposes.
As can be observed from the diagrams, the road stretching across the northern side of the layout
has remained unchanged after the renovation. Meanwhile, the vacant land and the animal
enclosures on the left-hand side were removed to make way for an oval lake surrounded by rows of
mature trees. The farm buildings in the center have been replaced by a car park to meet the needs
of tourists.
Regarding the eastern agricultural land, where a new café has been established between the road
and the car park, while the remaining land has been converted into a wooded area. New steps have
been set up on the cliffs to connect the land with the beach and the sea. The beach has been
transformed into a tourist destination, becoming a place for outdoor activities, such as sunbathing
and swimming.
(189 words) TA: 7.0 CC: 7.0 LR: 7.0 GA: 7.0
SAMPLE:
The pictures depict how a coastal region has changed after being transformed into a
seaside park.

Overall, it is clear that the area has undergone significant alterations. The most
noticeable changes include the removal of agricultural structures and the addition of
new amenities for entertainment purposes.

As can be observed from the diagrams, the road stretching across the northern side of
the layout has remained unchanged after the renovation. Meanwhile, the vacant land
and the animal enclosures on the left-hand side have been removed to make way for
an oval lake surrounded by rows of mature trees. The farm buildings in the center have
been replaced by a car park to accommodate the needs of tourists.

Regarding the eastern agricultural land, a new café has been established between the
road and the car park, while the remaining land has been converted into a wooded
area. New steps have been constructed on the cliffs to connect the land with the beach
and the sea. The beach has been transformed into a tourist destination, becoming a
place for outdoor activities such as sunbathing and swimming.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LESSON 5: PROCESS
The diagram shows how rainwater is collected for the use of drinking water in an
Australian town. (Đề thi ngày 25/05/2020)
The given chart illustrates the process of collecting rainwater to produce potable water in an Australian
town.
Overall, this is a linear process of harvesting rainwater for drinking with various steps. The process begins
with the capture of water when it rains and ends with the use of clean drinking water in households.
Initially, when it rains, the water is captured on the roofs of people’s houses. Then the collected water flows
through drainpipes attached to the sides of the houses. All drainage pipes from the houses flow into a larger
system, from where the water runs through a water filter to remove any impurities. After the water is
purified, it flows into big storage tanks.
Subsequently, the water is transferred from the storage tanks to the other tanks where it is treated with
chemicals. Finally, the clean water is ready to be delivered via pipes that flow from the treatment tanks to
citizen’s houses.
(150 words) TA: 7.0 CC: 7.0 LR: 7.0 GA: 7.0
The diagram below shows how one type of coal is used to produce
electricity. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The diagram illustrates the coal processing steps by which electricity is generated.
Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that this linear and complex procedure can be
divided into various steps, commencing with collecting coal from erected coal mines and culminating in
electricity being used in households and factories.
Initially, the coal in the constructed mine is gathered. From this point, the coal is transferred to a crush
machine where it is ground into smaller pieces. Subsequently, the crushed coal is loaded onto lorries and
transported to a gasifier section, where it is supplied with the heat to create the gas.
This gas is then delivered to another factory to cool it prior to releasing the waste heat into the air. Having
been cooled, the vapour is conveyed to the next section where it undergoes the cleaning process. Following
this, the cleaned gas is moved to the gas power plant, which separates it from the waste heat. And finally,
the power transforms into electricity and is transmitted to houses and factories for their uses.

( 175 words) TA: 7.0 CC: 7.0 LR: 6.5 GA: 6.5

WRITING TASK 2:
LESSON 6:
Write ONE PARAGRAPH (single-idea or double-idea) to answer this question:
Đề bài: Nowadays, it is not only large companies that are able to make films, as digital technology
enables anyone to produce films. Do you think this is a positive or negative development? (Đề thi
ngày 16/01/2020)

From my perspective, this is a positive development because of two main reasons. First, with the
advancement of technology, making films is now reasonably simple for many people. For example, many
apps are available these days that allow people to shoot and edit short films on their smartphones, and then
upload the content to social media and other platforms for people to see. As a result, even amateur
filmmakers can make a successful film with millions of views without spending a lot of money and time.
Secondly, digital cameras become cheaper and more accessible compared to the ones in the past. By using
new digital cameras, the image resolution has been increased significantly, making the result sharper and
clearer pictures. Consequently, viewers might have a good impression of the movies with affordable prices
and feel more satisfied when watching these films.

LESSON 7: TWO-QUESTION
While many families are keeping pets at home, some people fear that pets can
harm children. What threats can pets cause to children? How to minimize those
threats?
In recent years, there has been a significant number of households keeping pets at home, while
many people are concerned that pets can have harmful influences on children. This essay will
present some risks pets may cause to children and the remedies to this problem.
There are several reasons why individuals think that these kinds of animals would have bad impacts
on children. First, adopting pets may negatively affect the child’s physical health. Some children can
be allergic to pet dander, saliva, or urine, which can cause allergic reactions or asthma symptoms. As
a result, the youth could suffer from some serious illnesses if they have close contact with pets,
especially for a long time. Secondly, keeping pets at home would lead to distraction in schoolwork.
For some children, excessive play with pets at home could make them spend no time on their
homework; therefore, they might gain some underachievement at school, even though they have
intellectual faculties.
However, various measures can be adopted to address this problem. To begin with, adults whose
children are sensitive to pet fur or saliva should think about keeping pets in cages to minimize
contact. This, as a result, would limit their freedom while interacting with children. Additionally,
setting guidelines for when children can play with their pets can help reduce distractions. For
example, children are only allowed to play with their pets at a certain time, such as after finishing
their schoolwork or helping parents with housework. Consequently, both parents and their children
can benefit from these simple but effective rules.
In conclusion, despite several threats to children’s development caused by pets, numerous
approaches, including limiting interaction with pets and setting principles, can address this problem
and maintain advantages for children as well as pets.
( 294 words) TR: 8.0 CC: 7.0 LR: 6.0 GA: 7.0 Overall: 7.0

LESSON 8: DISCUSSION
Is mental strength important for success in sport or is it more important to
be strong and fit for success in sport? Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Some people believe that success in sports depends mainly on physical skills, while others argue
that mental abilities are more important factors to be successful in athletics. Despite the importance
of physical ability, I believe that mental strength contributes more significantly to achievement in
sports.
One of the most necessary requirements to be successful in sports is to develop some physical
abilities. First, differences in physical strength could lead to a noticeable gap in competitiveness. For
instance, in sports requiring significant strength, such as weight-lifting, the athletes have to make
every effort to lift dumbbells in the shortest time to win the game. Furthermore, another involved
factor is endurance – the capability to sustain physical effort throughout the competition. An
example of this is football, all players are expected to keep running in order to maintain the pace of
the game till the end. Consequently, physical abilities are very significant to excel in sports.
However, mental strength is a more crucial factor in success in sports. Firstly, having good mental
health helps athletes maintain their everyday hard practice. For example, football players have to
experience severe training as a daily task, even in extreme weather such as in the rain, snowy days,
and intense heat on sunny days. Without psychological abilities, they might be disappointed, leading
to their quitting prematurely. Furthermore, strong mental health could give athletes the capability
to keep their spirits calm and conscious during their competition. This allows the players to face
challenges with a positive mind and deal with difficulties without fear or sadness. As a result, they
could attain significant achievements, even though they do not have many physical skills.
In conclusion, despite the importance of physical strength in sports requiring significant physical
power, I think that mental abilities are more essential as they enhance athletes’ will and boost their
motivation to win their matches.

LESSON 9: POSITIVE/NEGATIVE – ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES

Many businesses are using famous people to promote their products. Do the
advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
In recent years, a significant number of companies have hired celebrities to advertise their products. While
this trend has some benefits, I believe that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages.
On the one hand, many brands have started employing celebrities to publicize their products, which can
benefit both sides, the companies and the celebrities. This is because when well-known people are invited to
advertise products, they will receive substantial payments. For instance, enterprises will have to pay
Cristiano Ronaldo millions of dollars for his appearance in their advertisemment. Furthermore, through the
influence of famous people, the enterprises will receive more recognition from audience or fans. As a result
of the popularity, the companies will attract more customers; therefore, their profits may increase
significantly.
On the other hand, there are a host of compelling reasons why hiring celebrities to advertise products might
cause adverse effects. First of all, it is costly to employ celebrities to represent a product. Big sums of money
are spent on advertisement instead of investing in research and development of the products, and thus
compromising the quality of the products. Besides, we cannot deny the influence of famous stars, especially
on the younger generation, who are very impressionable, which might cause some negative impacts. For
example, if a movie star is featured in an advertisement promoting cigarettes, the younger crowd will tend
to follow as it is considered to be a trend. It will bring major drawbacks to society as not only does it create
an opportunity for a bad habit to be formed, but it also costs parents a lot of money for their children to
pursue the advertised products. Consequently, a lot of fortunes generated from poor consumers will only
benefit the celebrities and the businesses.
In conclusion, although employing famous stars to promote companies’ products may have several benefits
for the celebrities and the businesses, this would influence adversely both enterprises’ budgets and the
development of society.
(318 words)

Around the world, many adults are working from home, and more children are
beginning to study from home because technology has become cheaper and
more accessible.

Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge or experience.

As technology has currently become more affordable and accessible, many adults and children are
doing their work and studying from the comfort of their houses. While productive work from home
has some drawbacks, I believe that the positive effects of this trend outweigh its disadvantages.
On the one hand, working or learning from home can hinder adults and children from socializing.
This is because when they only stay at home to work, they would not have any opportunities to
meet, communicate, and share their opinions with their peers or their teachers physically. For
example, students cannot discuss with their classmates and ask their teachers or their tutors directly
if they face some difficult math problems that they could not solve. Consequently, their
communiation skills may not be improved as they do not have any chances to talk to their fellows
and build their new relationships. As a result, working and studying at home instead of at
workplaces or schools might affect adversely not only their work efficiency but also their
communication skills.
On the other hand, there are a host of compelling reasons why I am convinced that studying and
working without travelling might bring more profound benefits. First, it could improve the
environment. To be more specific, if citizens did not need to go to schools or offices, they would not
use transportation, which could decrease the fumes and carbon emissions into the air as well as
prevent people from respiratory diseases, particularly in big cities. Therefore, less travelling can help
reduce the air pollution and improve the health of residents. Another justification is that
communication technology could raise the quality of residents' lives in distant areas. To illustrate, by
using smartphones and laptops, pupils could easily access and enrol in online courses around the
world without spending a lot of time commuting. This can both allow them to acquire more lessons
and knowledge and enhance their competence to find a decent job.
In conclusion, while it is undeniable that the remoting studying and working has some drawbacks for
individuals, I would contend that the upsides of this trend provide more positive values for both
humans and natural habitats.
( 355 words)

LESSON 10: OPINION

Some people think parents should focus on children’s physical health, and
helping them with mental health is unnecessary. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
Some individuals believe that parents should take care of children’s physical health without any
support for their mental health. Although children’s physical health needs the attention of their
parents, I believe that their mental health should also be taken into consideration.
On the one hand, focusing on physical health often cites the tangible benefits of a healthy body. To
be more specific, when parents concentrate on choosing some food that has crucial vitamins and
proteins such as milk, fish, meat, and vegetables for their children, their physical development can
be significantly enhanced. Besides, parents also spend quality time with their children in outdoor
activities including doing exercises, participating in football matches, and jogging. As a result,
children’s bones and muscles will become stronger, which means that they can build a well-built
body to get involved in physically demanding jobs and avoid encountering illnesses.
On the other hand, there is a host of compelling reasons why adults should focus on their children’s
psychological development. First, mental health is a factor that can facilitate the success
of children's lives. For example, children who have strong mental health can take part in
outdoor activities and social activities with more confidence rather than children who do not have
stable spirits. Consequently, this can help children have more motivation to follow their dreams and
desires without quitting prematurely. Second, mental health is a characteristic that decides the
happiness of children. To illustrate, if parents concentrate on the problems that relate
to children's spirits like sadness when they receive bad results in their exams, parents can promote
children's mental health. Therefore, this can help children reduce stress in their lives and studies,
which aids children in having pleasure and avoiding psychological diseases.
In conclusion, because of the importance of physical health and mental health in the growth and
success of children in the future, parents should take care of both of them simultaneously for
children’s best development.
( 321 words)

LESSON 11: OPINION WITH COMPARISON

The only way to improve safety on our roads is to give much stricter punishments
for driving offences. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
 More stringent punishments for traffic law-breakers are believed to be the only solution to increase
road safety. While this method might have several benefits, I think there are alternative approaches
to protect the welfare of road users that should be taken into consideration.
On the one hand, enforcing stricter punishments could decrease a large number of driving offences.
To be more specific, this method acts as a deterrent to would-be traffic law-breakers by targeting
their fear of financial penalties. For instance, in Vietnam, stricter laws against driving under the
influence of alcohol have currently been implemented, accompanied by increased fines .
Consequently, people are increasingly responsible in order to avoid heavy punishments in the
future; as a result, the number of traffic accidents could be noticeably reduced, which enhances
safety for travellers. However, it is important to recognize that harsher penalties would not have
any significant impact on the wealthy.
On the other hand, there are more effective ways to ameliorate road safety. Firstly, governments
should allocate financial resources to improving public transport, which would encourage citizens to
reduce their use of private vehicles. As a result, these residents will be less concerned about the
risks that they may face when driving their own vehicles, such as drunk driving or falling asleep at
the wheel. Besides, it can reduce carbon emissions and improve air quality, which helps prevent
commuters from contracting respiratory diseases. Secondly, it is also essential for governments to
encourage individuals to attend defensive driving courses to sharpen their driving skills. For
instance, in recent years, many high schools have introduced some extracurricular activities about
traffic safety to enhance students’ awareness. Therefore, road users can have more knowledge to
make quicker and wiser decisions in dangerous situations to avoid accidents.
In conclusion, I believe that stricter punishments are not the only way to deal with minimizing
driving offenses. Measures, including promoting the use of public transport systems and raising
people’s awareness, can also contribute to maintaining road safety.
( 329 words ) TR: 8.0 CC: 8.0 LR: 7.0 GA: 8.0 Overall: 7.5

It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in

order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment of people who are
already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Gợi ý ý tưởng:
Ưu tiên phòng bệnh hơn là điều trị:
 Sức khỏe cộng đồng: Để cung cấp thông tin và dịch vụ về lối sống lành mạnh. Điều này
giúp ngăn ngừa bệnh tật lan truyền trong cộng đồng.
 Giảm áp lực hệ thống y tế: Có thể giảm áp lực lên hệ thống y tế do bệnh tật gia tăng,
giúp cải thiện chất lượng dịch vụ y tế cho những người cần điều trị.
Lý do ủng hộ điều trị:
 Quyền của người bệnh: Mọi người đều có quyền được chăm sóc y tế và điều trị khi họ
bị bệnh.
 Tình huống đặc biệt: Có những bệnh không thể hoặc khó có thể ngăn ngừa hoàn toàn
thông qua việc thúc đẩy lối sống lành mạnh, ví dụ như bệnh ung thư.
Some individuals think that spending public money on advancing a healthy lifestyle to prevent
illnesses is more essential than using it for the treatment of people who have already suffered from
illness. Personally, I believe that governments should allocate equally financial resources to
improving a healthy lifestyle and treating patients.
On the one hand, it is undeniable that a large proportion of state budget should be allocated to
activities and campaigns that promote a healthy lifestyle. To be more specific, governments might
spend money on constructing more modern and environmentally friendly facilities, such as gyms
and outdoor parks to encourage citizens to engage in physical activities for a healthier lifestyle.
Besides, a lot of diseases nowadays are caused by people’s unhealthy habits. For example,
individuals who frequently consume fast food are at a higher risk of developing health issues, such
as obesity and diabetes. By raising awareness of the severe consequences of unhealthy diets
through government campaigns, these diseases can be prevented. This approach not only enhances
public health but also reduces the financial burden of treating illnesses that could have been
avoided.
On the other hand, the treatment for people who are already ill should be received adequate
funding as some diseases cannot be simply prevented. People living in many tropical or coastal
regions, for example, may be vulnerable to water-borne diseases after a natural disaster such as a
tsunami or heavy flooding. Additionally, there are also some illnesses and disorders that
are inherited. For instance, if a person suffers from asthma, it is highly likely that his children will
also contract respiratory diseases, regardless of their diet or lifestyle. These mentioned cases would
be virtually impossible for people or governments to prevent, and therefore money needs to be
spent on the treatment of patients.
In conclusion, while promoting a healthy lifestyle is essential for preventing illnesses, it is equally
important to allocate funds for medical treatment to address diseases that cannot be avoided. Both
approaches are crucial in the fight against diseases, and a balanced approach is necessary to ensure
the health and well-being of the population.
( 352 words) TR: 8.0 CC: 8.0 LR: 6.0 GA: 8.0 Overall: 7.5