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Web Search

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8 views

Web Search

Uploaded by

bhaveshchitriv70
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Web Search is a type of Information Retrieval (IR) system designed to search for and retrieve

relevant documents from the web in response to a user's query. Web search engines (like
Google, Bing, etc.) use several techniques to index and rank web pages based on relevance.

Key Components:

1. Crawling: A web crawler (or spider) systematically browses the internet to collect web
pages.
2. Indexing: Collected web pages are processed, and relevant keywords, metadata, and
structure are extracted and stored in an index.
3. Ranking Algorithms: Once a query is entered, the engine uses various ranking
algorithms (e.g., PageRank, BM25, etc.) to score the relevance of web pages based on
factors like keyword frequency, page structure, authority, and user behavior.

How Web Search Works:

1. User Query: A user inputs a query such as "best programming languages for AI."
2. Query Processing: The search engine parses the query, possibly removing stop words
and applying stemming or synonym expansion.
3. Matching: The search engine looks for pages in its index that match the query
keywords.
4. Ranking: Based on relevance (determined by the ranking algorithms), pages are scored
and ranked.
5. Results Presentation: The most relevant results are displayed to the user, often with
snippets or previews of content.

Example:

Suppose a user searches for "best AI frameworks":

 Crawling: The search engine has crawled numerous web pages related to AI
frameworks.
 Indexing: It has indexed pages based on terms like "TensorFlow," "PyTorch," and
"AI."
 Ranking: Pages that mention "AI frameworks" frequently and are considered
authoritative (e.g., official documentation, popular blogs) will rank higher.
 Results: The search engine presents a list of results, such as articles comparing AI
frameworks, ranked by relevance.

Key Techniques:

 Vector Space Model (VSM): Representing documents and queries as vectors in a


multidimensional space and calculating cosine similarity between them.
 TF-IDF: Measures the importance of terms in a document relative to a corpus, used to
weigh keywords.
 Natural Language Processing (NLP): Used to better understand user queries and
match them with relevant content.

Challenges:
 Scalability: Handling massive web data requires efficient crawling, indexing, and
ranking techniques.
 Relevance: Providing highly relevant results while filtering out low-quality or
irrelevant pages.
 Personalization: Web searches often integrate user history and preferences to tailor
results.

Applications:

 Search Engines: Google, Bing, and DuckDuckGo are common examples that
implement IR systems for web search.
 Enterprise Search: Organizations use internal web search engines to retrieve
documents from their intranets or knowledge bases.

In web search, the objective is to retrieve information that not only matches the query but also
ranks highly for quality and relevance, helping users find what they need quickly.

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