RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

New Scheme Based On AICTE Flexible Curricula

CSE-Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning/ Artificial Intelligence and Machine

Learning, V-Semester

AL-501Operating Systems
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To makestudentsunderstand the importance and overall functioning of an Operating System;
To acquaint the students with the concepts and principles that underlie the modern Operating
Systems, and to provide them an insight in the working of its various modules.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After completing the course, student should be able to:
1. Get clear understanding about the need and objectives of an Operating System and
various services provided by the Operating Systems.
2. Gain a detailed knowledge about the functions of different modules of an Operating
System, viz. process management, file system management, memory management,
device management etc.
3. Visualize the internal implementation of various modules of Operating System and
correlate the same with the actual implementation of these modules in Unix/Linux and
other contemporary Operating Systems.
4. Acquire the ability to design and implement small modules of Operating System, Shell
and Commands, using system calls of Unix/Linux or some educational Operating
System.

COURSE CONTENTS:

UNIT1: Introduction to Operating Systems: Function, Evolution, Different types of

Operating Systems, Desirable Characteristics and features of an O/S.
Operating Systems Services: Types of Services, Different ways of providing these
Services– Commands, System Calls.Need of System Calls, Low level implementation of
System Calls, Portability issue, Operating System Structures.

UNIT II: File Systems (Secondary Storage Management): File Concept, User’s and
System Programmer’s view of File System, Hard Disk Organization, Disk Formatting and
File System Creation, Different Modules of a File System, Disk Space Allocation Methods
– Contiguous, Linked, Indexed. Disk Partitioning andMounting; Directory Structures, File
Protection; Virtual and Remote File Systems. Case Studies of File Systems being used in
Unix/Linux & Windows; System Calls used in these Operating Systems for file
management.

UNITIII: Process Management: Concept of a process, Process State Diagram, Different

type of schedulers, CPU scheduling algorithms, Evaluation of scheduling algorithms,
Concept of Threads: User level & Kernel level Threads, Thread
Scheduling;Multiprocessor/Multicore Processor Scheduling.Case Studies of Process
Management in Unix/Linux& Windows; System Calls used in these Operating Systems for
Process Management.
Concurrency& Synchronization:Real and Virtual Concurrency, Mutual Exclusion,
Synchronization, Critical Section Problem, Solution to Critical Section Problem: Mutex
Locks; Monitors; Semaphores,WAIT/SIGNAL operations and their implementation;Classical
Problems of Synchronization;Inter-Process Communication.
Deadlocks:Deadlock Characterization, Prevention, Avoidance, Recovery.

UNIT IV: Memory Management: Different Memory Management Techniques –Contiguous

allocation; Non-contiguous allocation: Paging, Segmentation, Paged Segmentation;
Comparison of these techniques.
Virtual Memory – Concept, Overlay, Dynamic Linking and Loading, Implementation of
Virtual Memory by Demand Paging etc.; Memory Management in Unix/Linux& Windows.

UNIT V: Input/Output Management: Overview of Mass Storage Structures, Disk

Scheduling;I/O Systems: Different I/O Operations- Program Controlled, Interrupt Driven,
Concurrent I/O, Synchronous/Asynchronous and Blocking/Non-Blocking I/O Operations,
I/O Buffering,Application I/O Interface, Kernel I/O Subsystem, Transforming I/O requests
to hardware operations.

Overview of Protection & Security Issues and Mechanisms; Introduction to

Multiprocessor, Real Time, Embedded and Mobile Operating Systems; Overview of
Virtualization.

TEXTBOOKSRECOMMENDED:

1. Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne, “Operating System Concepts’’,John Wiley& Sons.

2. William Stalling, “Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles”, Pearson.

REFERENCEBOOKS:

1. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Modern Operating Systems”, Prentice Hall.

2. Robert Love, “Linux Kernel Development”, Pearson.
3. Maurice J. Bach, “The Design of Unix Operating System”, Pearson.
4. Bovet &Cesati, “Understanding the Linux Kernel”, O'Reilly.
 RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

New Scheme Based On AICTE Flexible Curricula

CSE-Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning/ Artificial Intelligence and Machine

Learning, V-Semester

AL-502 Database Management Systems

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The objective of this course is to enable students in developing a high
level understanding of the concepts of Database management systems in contrast with traditional
data management systems with emphasis on skills to apply these concepts in building, maintaining
and retrieving data from these DBMS.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After completing the course student should be able to:
1. Describe design of a database at various levels and compare andcontrast traditional data
processing with DBMS.
2. Design a database using Entity Relationship diagram and other design techniques.
3. Apply fundamentals of relational model to model and implement a sample Database
Management System for a given domain.
4. Evaluate and optimize queries and apply concepts of transaction management.

COURSE CONTENTS:

UNIT I:DBMS Concepts and architecture Introduction, Database approach v/s Traditional
file accessing approach, Advantages of database systems, Data models, Schemas and
instances, Data independence, Data Base Language and interfaces, Overall Database
Structure, Functions of DBA and designer, ER data model: Entitles and attributes, Entity
types, Defining the E-R diagram, Concept of Generalization, Aggregation and Specialization.
Transforming ER diagram into the tables. Various other data models object oriented data
Model, Network data model, and Relational data model, Comparison between the three
typesof models.Storage structures: Secondary Storage Devices, Hashing & Indexing
structures: Single level & multilevel indices.

UNIT II:Relational Data models: Domains, Tuples, Attributes, Relations, Characteristics of

relations, Keys, Key attributes of relation, Relational database, Schemas, Integrity
constraints. Referential integrity, Intension and Extension, Relational Query languages: SQL-
DDL, DML, integrity con straints, Complex queries, various joins, indexing, triggers,
assertions , Relational algebra and relational calculus, Relational algebra operations like
select, Project ,Join, Division, outer union. Types of relational calculus i.e. Tuple oriented
and domain oriented relational calculus and its operations.

UNIT III: Data Base Design: Introduction to normalization, Normal forms- 1NF, 2NF, 3NF
and BCNF, Functional dependency,Decomposition, Dependency preservation and lossless
join, problems with null valued and dangling tuples, multivalued dependencies. Query
Optimization: Introduction, steps of optimization, various algorithms to implement select,
project and join operations of relational algebra, optimization methods: heuristic based, cost
estimation based.

UNIT IV:Transaction Processing Concepts: -Transaction System, Testing of Serializability,

Serializability of schedules, conflict & view serializable schedule, recoverability,
Recoveryfrom transaction failures. Log based recovery. Checkpoints deadlock handling.
Concurrency Control Techniques: Concurrency Control, locking Techniques for concurrency
control, timestamping protocols for concurrency control, validation based protocol, multiple
granularity.Multi version schemes, Recovery with concurrent transaction. Introduction to
Distributeddatabases, data mining, data warehousing, Object Technology and DBMS,
Comparativestudy of OODBMS Vs DBMS . Temporal, Deductive, Multimedia, Web &
Mobile database.

UNIT V:Case Study of Relational Database Management Systems through

Oracle/PostgreSQL /MySQL: Architecture, physical files, memory structures, background
process. Data dictionary, dynamic performance view. Security, role management, privilege
management, profiles, invoker defined security model. SQL queries, Hierarchical quires,
inline queries, flashback queries. Introduction of ANSI SQL, Cursor management: nested
and parameterized cursors. Stored procedures, usage of parameters in procedures. User
defined functions their limitations. Triggers, mutating errors, instead of triggers.

TEXT BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Korth H.F. &Silberschatz A., Sudarshan, “Database Systems”, McGraw-Hill
2. Chris J. Date, with Hugh Darwin, Addison-Wesley, “A Guide to SQL Standard”.
3. Elmasri R., Navathe S.B., “Fundamentals of Database Systems”, Pearson.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Rob, “ Database System:Design Implementation& Management”, Cengage Learning.

2. AtulKahate , “Introduction to Database Management System”, Pearson Educations

3. Oracle 9i Database Administration Fundamental-I, Volume I, Oracle Press,TMH.

4. Paneerselvam,”Database Management System”, PHI Learning

 RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL
New Scheme Based On AICTE Flexible Curricula
CSE-Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning/ Artificial Intelligence and Machine
Learning, V-Semester

Departmental Elective AL 503 (B) Deep Learning

COURSE OBJECTIVES: Introduce deep learning fundamentals and major algorithms, the
problem settings, and their applications to solve real world problems.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After completing the course student should be able to:
1. Describe in-depth about theories, fundamentals, and techniques in Deep learning.
2. Identify the on-going research in computer vision and multimedia field.
3. Evaluate various deep networks using performance parameters.
4. Design and validate deep neural network as per requirements.

Unit I:Introduction History of Deep Learning, McCulloch Pitts Neuron, Multilayer

Perceptions (MLPs), Representation Power of MLPs, Sigmoid Neurons, Feed Forward
Neural Networks, Back propagation, weight initialization methods, Batch Normalization,
Representation Learning, GPU implementation, Decomposition – PCA and SVD.

Unit II:Deep Feedforward Neural Networks, Gradient Descent (GD), Momentum Based GD,
Nesterov Accelerated GD, Stochastic GD, AdaGrad, Adam, RMSProp, Auto-encoder,
Regularization in auto-encoders, Denoising auto-encoders, Sparse auto-encoders, Contractive
auto-encoders,Variational auto-encoder, Auto-encoders relationship with PCA and SVD,
Dataset augmentation.Denoising auto encoders,

Unit III:Introduction to Convolutional neural Networks (CNN) and its architectures, CCN
terminologies: ReLu activation function, Stride, padding, pooling, convolutions operations,
Convolutional kernels, types of layers: Convolutional, pooling, fully connected, Visualizing
CNN, CNN examples: LeNet, AlexNet, ZF-Net, VGGNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet, RCNNetc.
Deep Dream, Deep Art. Regularization: Dropout, drop Connect, unit pruning, stochastic
pooling, artificial data, injecting noise in input, early stopping, Limit Number of parameters,
Weight decay etc.

Unit IV:Introduction to Deep Recurrent Neural Networks and its architectures,

Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT), Vanishing and Exploding Gradients, Truncated
BPTT, Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), Solving the
vanishing gradient problem with LSTMs, Encoding and decoding in RNN network, Attention
Mechanism, Attention over images, Hierarchical Attention, Directed Graphical Models.
Applications of Deep RNN in Image Processing, Natural Language Processing, Speech
recognition, Video Analytics.
 Unit V:Introduction to Deep Generative Models, Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs),
Gibbs Sampling for training RBMs, Deep belief networks, Markov Networks, Markov
Chains, Auto-regressive Models: NADE, MADE, PixelRNN, Generative Adversarial
Networks (GANs), Applications of Deep Learning in Object detection, speech/ image
recognition, video analysis, NLP, medical science etc.

TEXT BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Ian Goodfellow, YoshuaBengio and Aaron Courville; Deep Learning, MIT Press.
2. Charu C. Aggarwal "Neural Networks and Deep Learning: A Textbook", Springer.
3. Francois Chollet, "Deep Learning with Python", Manning Publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Aurelien Geon, “Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn and Tensorflow:
Concepts, Tools, and Techniques to Build Intelligent Systems”, O'Reilly.
2. Andreas Muller, "Introduction to Machine Learning with Python: A Guide for Data
Scientists", O'Reilly.

3. Adam Gibson, Josh Patterson, "Deep Learning: A Practitioner's Approach", O'Reilly.

 RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL
New Scheme Based On AICTE Flexible Curricula
CSE-Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning/ Artificial Intelligence and Machine
Learning, V-Semester

Open Elective AL 504 (B) Natural Language Processing

COURSE OBJECTIVES: Students should develop a basic understanding in natural language

processing methods and strategies and to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various Natural
Language Processing (NLP) methods & technologies and gain an insight into the application areas
of Natural language processing.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After completing the course student should be able to:
1. Define different data models used in Information Retrieval using NLP.
2. Demonstrate current methods for statistical approaches to machine translation.
3. Apply syntactic parsing and semantic analysis on text.
4. Solve and implement real world problems using NLP.

Detailed Contents:
UNIT I:Introduction: Origins and challenges of NLP – Language Modeling: Grammar-
based LM, Statistical LM – Regular Expressions, Finite-State Automata – English
Morphology, Transducers for lexicon and rules, Tokenization, Detecting and Correcting
Spelling Errors, Minimum Edit Distance.

UNIT II:Word Level Analysis:Unsmoothed N-grams, Evaluating N-grams, Smoothing,

Interpolation and Backoff – Word Classes, Part-of-Speech Tagging, Rule-based, Stochastic
and Transformation-based tagging, Issues in PoS tagging – Hidden Markov and Maximum
Entropy models,Viterbi algorithms and EM training.

UNIT III:Syntactic Analysis: Context-Free Grammars, Grammar rules for English,

Treebanks, Normal Forms for grammar – Dependency Grammar – Syntactic Parsing,
Ambiguity, Dynamic Programming parsing – Shallow parsing – Probabilistic CFG,
Probabilistic CYK, Probabilistic Lexicalized CFGs – Feature structures, Unification of
feature structures.

UNIT IV:Semantics and Pragmatics:Requirements for representation, First-Order Logic,

Description Logics – Syntax-Driven Semantic analysis, Semantic attachments – Word
Senses, Relations between Senses, Thematic Roles, selectional restrictions – Word Sense
Disambiguation, WSD using Supervised, Dictionary & Thesaurus, Bootstrapping methods –
Word Similarity using Thesaurus and Distributional methods.Compositional semantics.

UNIT V:Application of NLP: intelligent work processors: Machine translation, user

interfaces,Man-Machine interfaces, natural language querying, tutoring and authoring
systems, speechrecognition, and commercial use of NLP.

Text Books:
1. Daniel Jurafsky, James H. Martin―Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to
Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics and Speech, Pearson
Publication.
2. Steven Bird, Ewan Klein and Edward Loper, ―Natural Language Processing with
Python, OReilly Media.
3. Manning and Schutze "Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing", MIT
Press.

Reference Books:
1. Breck Baldwin, Language Processing with Java and LingPipe Cookbook, Atlantic
Publisher.
2. Richard M Reese, Natural Language Processing with Java, OReilly Media.
3. Nitin Indurkhya and Fred J. Damerau, Handbook of Natural Language Processing,
Chapman and Hall/CRC Press.
4. Tanveer Siddiqui, U.S. Tiwary, Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval,
Oxford University Press.