Notes on Arrays in C Programming
1. Array Declaration:
An array is declared with a fixed size, defining the number of elements.
Syntax: data_type array_name[array_size];
2. Array Initialization:
Arrays can be initialized at the time of declaration or assigned later.
Example: int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
3. Accessing Elements:
Array elements are accessed using their index, starting from 0.
Example: printf("%d", arr[0]); // Outputs the first element.
4. Multidimensional Arrays:
C supports multidimensional arrays for complex data structures.
Example: int matrix[3][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
5. Key Operations:
- Accessing elements: Use array[index].
- Modifying elements: Assign values to specific indices.
- Iterating through arrays: Use loops to read/modify elements.
6. Important Notes:
- Size of the array is fixed at the time of declaration.
- No automatic bounds checking, leading to potential runtime errors.
7. Advantages of Arrays:
- Efficient for storing and accessing multiple values of the same type.
- Easy to iterate and manipulate using loops.
8. Limitations of Arrays:
- Fixed size (static allocation) in standard C.
- No automatic bounds checking, risking out-of-bounds access.
Code Examples:
1. One-Dimensional Array Example:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int arr[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; // Declare and initialize array
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Element at index %d is: %d
", i, arr[i]);
return 0;
```
2. Two-Dimensional Array Example:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int matrix[3][3] = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
```
