SURFACE MARKING

SURFACE MARKING
20-21
UPPER LIMB
AXILLARY ARTERY
1 - midpoint of
clavicle
2 – lower end of
lateral wall of axilla
JOIN 1 AND 2
For axillary vein

Draw like axillary
artery but medially
Brachial artery
• 1 – lower end of
lateral wall of
axilla
• 2 - neck of radius
medial to tendon
of biceps brachii
Superficial palmar arch is formed SUPERFICIAL PALMAR ARCH.
by direct continuation of ulnar
artery.
1 : Just lateral and distal to
pisiform bone.
2 : On the hook of hamate bone.
3 : on distal border of thenar
eminence in line with cleft
between index and middle fingers.
JOIN points 1, 2 and 3 BY
CURVED LINE
The convexity of arch is directed
towards fingers and it’s most distal 2 3
point is situated at level of distal
border of fully extended thumb. 1
DEEP PALMAR ARCH
Point a- a point just

distal to hamate
bone.
More or less a
horizontal line, 4cm
long.
a
EXTENSOR RETINACULUM OF HAND
1 - Along the anterior border of
radius above the Styloid process
●
2 - Tip of styloid process of ulna

●
along medial Side of pisiform and
triquetral bones
●
JOIN 1 AND 2 BY TWO LINES
2 CM APART
2
1
RADIAL NERVE IN SPIRAL GROOVE
a – At the lateral wall of axilla
at its lower limit.
b – At the junction of upper
1/3rd and lower 2/3rd of a line
joining the lateral epicondyle
with the insertion of deltoid.
c – On the front of the elbow
just below the level of the
lateral epicondyle 1cm lateral
to tendon of biceps brachii.
• POINT A AND B JOINED
POSTERIORLY
• POINT B AND C JOINED
ANTERIORLY
RADIAL NERVE IN FOREARM
c – On the front of the
elbow just below the level
of the lateral epicondyle
1cm lateral to tendon of
biceps brachii.
d – AT junction of upper
2/33rd and lower 1/3rd of
lateral border of forearm
e - at anatomical snuff box
• Join c,d,e
FLEXOR RETINACULUM OF UPPER LIMB
1 .Pisiform bone lies at the base of

hypothenar eminence.
2 .hook of hamate can be palpated On

the medial side of the wrist Inferior
and laterally to the pisiform
3.The trapezium bone lies at directly adjacent

to the Metacarpel of the thumb.
4.Tubercle of scaphoid lies beneath lateral part

of Distal transverse crease at The base of
thenar eminence in a depression just lateral to 3
the tendon Of flexor carpi radialis 2
Join 1,2,3,4 1 4
CEPHALIC VEIN
POINT A:mark a point in the
delto-pectoral groove below
the coracoid process
POINT B:mark a point in

front of elbow in the groove
between the brachioradialis
and the biceps
Join these points which

ascends up and arches
towards the 1st point
Median Nerve In Forearm
A
Point A : at level of neck of radius in
midline of forearm (or) point medial to
brachial artery
Point B : at wrist, 1cm medial to flexor

carpi radialis tendon
B
JOIN A AND B
LOWER LIMB
SAPHENOUS OPENING
• Site: The center of the
opening is 4 cm below
and 4 cm lateral to the
pubic tubercle
• Size: It is 2.5 cm long , 2
cm broad with its long
axis directed
downwards and
laterally
Sciatic nerve
• Point 1 = 2.5 cm lateral to

midpoint between the
posterior superior illiac
spine and ischial
tuberosity.
• Point 2 = just medial to
midpoint between the
ischial tuberosity and the
greater trochanter.
• Point 3 = in the midline of
back of the thigh at
junction of its upper two
third and lower one third
at apex of the popliteal
fossa.
GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN
• Point 1 : On the dorsum of foot
at the medial end of dorsal
venous arch.
• Point 2 : On the anterior
surface of medial malleolus.
• Point 3 : On the medial border
of tibia at the junction of upper
two thirds & lower one third of
leg.
• Point 4 : At the adductor
tubercle.
• Point 5 : Just below the centre
of Saphenous opening.
FEMORAL ARTERY
• A - MIDINGUINAL POINT
(MIDWAY BETWEEN
ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC
SPINE AND PUBIC
SYMPHYSIS)
• B - ADDUCTOR TUBERCLE
(AT LOWER END OF
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS)
• UPPER 2/3RD OF LINE

JOINING A AND B
FEMORAL VEIN aa
• POINT a : Upper point 1
cm medial to mid
inguinal point
• POINT b : Lower point 1
cm lateral to adductor
tubercle
• UPPER 2/3RD OF LINE
JOINING A AND B
• UPPER PART MEDIAL TO
FEMORAL ARTERY b
• LOWER PART LATERAL

TO FEMORAL ARTERY
DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY
A : midway between
the two malleoli A
B : at the proximal end

of the first Inter- B
b
metatarsal space
SUPERIOR EXTENSOR
RETINACULUM
The retinaculum is 2 A B
LINES 3 cm APART.
a: Anterior border of
fibula
b: Lower part of
anterior border of tibia
INFERIOR EXTENSOR RETINACULUM
c: The stem is 1.5 cm broad
Extends from upper surface
of calcaneum to point medial to
tendon of
extensor digitorum longus D
d: Upper band 1 cm wide . C
Extends from medial end of stem to
anterior border
E
of medial malleolus
e: Lower band is 1 cm wide.

Extends from medial end of stem to
medial side of foot
extending into sole.

SURFACE MARKING

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SURFACE MARKING

For axillary vein

Point a- a point just

2 - Tip of styloid process of ulna

1 .Pisiform bone lies at the base of

2 .hook of hamate can be palpated On

3.The trapezium bone lies at directly adjacent

4.Tubercle of scaphoid lies beneath lateral part

POINT B:mark a point in

Join these points which

Point B : at wrist, 1cm medial to flexor

• Point 1 = 2.5 cm lateral to

• UPPER 2/3RD OF LINE

• LOWER PART LATERAL

B : at the proximal end

e: Lower band is 1 cm wide.

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