Departmen

t of First Year Engineering

Subject-Engineering Physics (UNBSL101)
Academic Session: 2024-25

Topic: Electron Ballistics & Optics (CO1)

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1. An electron beam is directed at an angle of 40 with the normal to an interface
between two regions of non-uniform electric field. The potentials applied in two
regions are respectively V1 = 1000 Volts. V2 = 1100 Volts respectively. What is the
angle of refraction?
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2. An electron beam is directed at an angle of 60 with the normal to an interface
between two regions of non-uniform electric field. The angle of refraction The
potentials applied in first regions is V1 = 2000 Volts. Find the potential and the
velocity of the electron in the second region?

3. he Lissajous pattern on the CRO is stationary. It has 5 horizontal and 2 vertical

tangencies. The frequency of horizontal input is 1000 Hz. Determine the frequency of
vertical input.

4. The Lissajous pattern on the CRO is stationary. It has 5 horizontal and 2 vertical
tangencies. The frequency of vertical input is 5000 Hz. Determine the frequency of
horizontal input. And draw the same.

5.

If CRO XY-mode show such kind of Lissajous pattern, if fx=150 Hz, find
unknown frequency, fy.

6. If CRO XY-mode show such kind of Lissajous pattern, if fy=1000 Hz, find unknown
frequency, fx.
 Topic: Laser (CO2)

1. Find the ratio of population of the two states in He-Ne laser that produces light of
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wavelength 6328 Å at 27 C. (Ans:- 1.82 x 10 )
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2. The ratio of population of two energy levels at 300 K is 10 , find the wavelength
of the radiation emitted. (Ans:- 6927.3 Å)
3. A typical helium neon laser emits radiation of = 6328 Å. How many photons per second
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would be emitted by a one milliwatt (mW) He-Ne Laser? (Ans:-3-2x10 Photons/sec)
4. A certain ruby laser emits 1.00 J pulses of light whose wavelength is 6940 Å. What is
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the minimum number of Cr ions in the ruby? (Ans:- 3.49 x 10 ions)
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5. In a Ruby Laser, the total number of Chromium ions are 19 8×10 . If the Laser
emits radiation of wavelength 7000 Å, then calculate the (i) Energy of one emitted
photon (ii) Total energy available per pulse.[(Ans:-(i) EPhoton = 1.77eV (ii) E Photon/Pulse =
56.07mJ]
6. The coherence length of CO2 laser of central wavelength of 10.6 m is 11 Km.
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Calculate the non-monochromaticity factor. (Ans:- 10 )
7. With a He-Ne laser, fringes remain clearly visible when the path difference has increased
up-8to 8 m. Deduce (i) (ii) spectral half width. Given m. [Ans: - (i) 2.67 x
10 sec (ii) 37.5MHz]
8. Calculate for Hg (mercury) vapor lamp emitting in green portion of spectrum
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at wavelength of 546.1 nm with emission bandwidth 6 x 10 Hz. (Ans:- 0.5 m)
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9. White light has a frequency range from 0.4 x 10 Hz to 0.7 x 10 Hz. Find the (i)
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coherence time and (ii) coherence length for it. [Ans:- (i) 3.33 x 10 (ii) 10 m]
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10. A sodium atom radiates for 4 X 10 s. What is the (i) coherence length of light
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from a sodium lamp? & also (ii) find bandwidth. [Ans:- (i) 12cm (ii) 25 x 10 Hz]
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11. Calculate lcoh for CO2 laser whose line width is 1 x 10 nm at IR emission
wavelength of 10.6 m. ( Ans:- 11.24 Km)
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12. The light of wavelength 600nm has wave train 13.2x10 m. Calculate the coherence
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time. (Ans:- 4.4 x 10 sec)
13. Light of wavelength 4800 Å has a length of 25 waves. What is the coherence
length and coherence time? (Ans: - 12 µm)
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14. The coherence length of sodium light is 2.945x10 m and its wavelength is 5890
Å. Calculate (i) the number of oscillations corresponding to coherence length and (ii)
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the coherence time. [Ans:-(i) 5 x 10 (ii) 98 x 10 sec]
15. He-Ne laser, giving light at 6330 Å has a coherence length of 20 km. Determine its (i)
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coherence time and (ii) number of waves per wave train. [Ans: - (i) 6.67 x 10 sec (ii) 3.16
10
x 10 ]
 Topic: Hall Effect (CO3)
1. An electric field of 150 V/m is applied to a sample of n-type semiconductor
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whose Hall coefficient is – 0.015 m /C. Determine the current density in the sample
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assuming e = 0.036 m /Vs.

2. In Hall coefficient experiment a current of 0.15 A is sent through a metal strip

having thickness 0.2 mm and wide 4 mm. The Hall voltage is found to be 0.25 mV
when a magnetic field of 3000 Gauss is used. What is carrier concentration?
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3. An n-type Ge sample has a donor density of 10 /m . It is arranged in Hall Effect
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experiment having magnetic field 0.6 Tesla and the current density 400 A/m . Find
the Hall voltage if the sample is 5 mm wide.
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4. The resistivity of doped silicon material is 9 X 10 ohm-m. The Hall Co-
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effective is 4.1 x 10 m coulomb . Assuming single carrier conduction, find the
mobility and density of charge carriers.
5.A flat copper ribbon 0.3 mm thick carries a steady current 40 mA and is located in a uniform
1.5 T magnetic field directed perpendicular to the plane of the ribbon. If a Hall
voltage of
8.6 mV is measured across the ribbon. What is the charge density of the free electrons?
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6. An n-type germanium sample has a donor density10 / . It is arranged in a
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Hall experiment having magnetic field of 0.5 T and the current density is 500 A/m .
Find the Hall voltage if the sample is 3 mm wide.
Topic: Fundamental of Quantum Physics (CO4)

DE-BROGLIE PRINCIPLE
1. Calculate the De-Broglie wavelengths of (a) 150 gm base-ball moving with 35m/s.
(b) Electron accelerated through 120V. Compare the result.
2. Find the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated through a potential
difference of 250 volts and a ball of mass 50 gm moving with 20 m/sec.
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3. How fast does a positive singly charged ion of mass 3.4 x 10 Kg have to be
moving in order to have the same de Broglie wavelength as an electron that is
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moving with a speed of 4 X 10 m/s?
 4. A proton is accelerated through a potential difference of 1200V. What is its de-
Broglie Wavelength?

UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
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1. An electron (mass = 9.1 X 10 Kg) and a bullet (mass = 50 grams) are traveling with the
same velocity of 500 m/sec. Assume accuracy of 0.01% in velocity measurement;
calculate the minimum uncertainty & hence the accuracy in location of their positions.
What important inference can be drawn from this result?
2. Compute the minimum uncertainty in the location of a mass of 4 gm moving with a
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speed of 5 m/s and an electron moving with a speed of 0.5 X 10 m/s. Given that the
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uncertainty in the momentum p for both is p = 10 p.
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3. An electron moving with 5 x 10 m/sec is measured to an accuracy of 0.05%.
Calculate the uncertainty in its position.
4. Consider a line that is 5 m long. A moving object is somewhere along this line,
but its position is not known. (a) Find the minimum uncertainty in the momentum of
the object. Find the minimum uncertainty in the object's velocity, assuming that the
object is (b) a golf ball (mass = 0.01 kg) and (c) an electron.
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5. Consider an oxygen molecule (mass = 6 X 10 kg) is trapped within a sac of
the average diameter 0.05 mm. What is the minimum uncertainty in the velocity of
this oxygen molecule?
6. The uncertainty in the location of a particle is equal to its de-Broglie
wavelength. Show that the uncertainty in the velocity is equal to its velocity.
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7. Find minimum uncertainty in positon of an electron moving with speed 4 X 10
m/s.
8. Find minimum uncertainty in velocity of an electron trapped in well of
dimension 5 Å.

SCHRODINGER'S EQUATION
1. Compare the lowest two energy states for (i) electron confined in an infinite potential
well of width 2 Å (ii) bullet (m = 60gm) confined in an infinite potential well of width 5
mm. What you can conclude from this comparison?
2. Find the first three energy level of (a) a marble of 15 g in a box of width 15 cm
and (b) an electron in a box of width 10 Å.
3. An electron is bound by a potential which closely approaches an infinite square well of
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width 5 x 10 m. Calculate the lowest two permissible quantum energies the electron
can have.
4. Find the de Broglie wavelength of the electron trapped in an infinite well of width 15 Å
for third energy level?
5. A particle is moving in one dimensional infinite potential box of width 30 Å. Calculate
the probability of finding the particle with in a small interval of 0.05 Å. At the center of
the box when it is in its state of least energy.