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DOM and Event Fundamentals | Cheat Sheet
1. JavaScript Variables
1.1 Variable Declaration
Variables are like containers for storing
values. We can create a variable using the
let keyword.
JAVASCRIPT
1 let message;
1.2 Assigning a Value to the
Variable
We can put data into a variable using an
assignment operator (
= ).
JAVASCRIPT
1 let message = 'Hello Rahul
JAVASCRIPT
1 let message;
2 message = 'Hello Rahul';
Try out changing the JavaScript Variables and
their Values in the below Code Playground
and check the output in the console.
HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
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2 <html>
3 <head></head>
4 <body>
5 Your HTML code goes here. W
6 </body>
7 </html>
Note
Printing a variable without
assigning a value will give the
output undefined .
2. Document Object Model
(DOM)
The DOM is the structured representation of
the HTML document created by the browser.
It allows JavaScript to manipulate, structure,
and style your website.
HTML
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head></head>
4 <body>
5 <h1>Web Technologies</
6 <button>Change Heading
7 </body>
8 </html>
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2.1 Document Object
It is the entry point of the DOM. For
accessing any HTML Element, you should
always start with accessing the document
object first.
2.2 HTML DOM Tree
The DOM tree represents an HTML
document as nodes. Each node is referred to
as an Object.
2.3 Methods
2.3.1 getElementById
The
getElementById() method helps to select
the HTML Element with a specific ID.
JAVASCRIPT
1 console.log(document.getEl
2.4 Properties
2.4.1 textContent
To manipulate the text within the HTML
Element, we use
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textContent Property.
2.4.2 style
The
style property is used to get or set a
specific style of an HTML Element using
different CSS properties.
Use Camel Case naming convention (starting
letter of each word should be in the upper
case except for the first word) for naming the
Style Object Properties.
For example,
color , fontFamily , backgroundColor ,
etc.
2.5 Events
Events are the actions by which the user or
browser interacts with the HTML Elements.
Actions can be anything like clicking a
button, pressing keyboard keys, scrolling the
page, etc.
2.5.1 onclick Event
The
onclick event occurs when the user clicks
on an HTML Element. We will give the name
of the function as a value for the HTML
onclick attribute.
HTML
1 <body>
2 <h1 id="headingElement">
3 <button onclick="manipul
4 </body>
JAVASCRIPT
1 f ti i l t St l (
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1 function manipulateStyles(
2 document.getElementById(
3 document.getElementById(
4 }
HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head>
4 <link rel="stylesheet" href
5 <script src="https://code.j
6 <script src="https://cdn.j
7 <script src="https://stack
8 </head>
9 <body>
10 <div class="dark-background
11 <div>
12 <img
13 src="https://d1tgh8fm
14 class="bulb-image"
15 id="bulbImage"
16 />
17 </div>
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Primitive Types & Conditionals | Cheat Sheet
1. JavaScript Values
Basically In JavaScript values are of two
categories.
Primitive Types
Reference Types
1.1 Primitive Types
Number
Boolean
String
Undefined, etc.
Primitive Type Description
All the numbers are of Number
Number
type.
Boolean values are either true
Boolean
or false.
String is a stream of characters.
The String should be enclosed
String
with Single quotes, Double
quotes, or Backticks.
If a value is not assigned to the
variable, then it
takes undefined as its
Undefined value. In
JS, undefined refers to
the value that is not being
assigned.
1.2 Operators
1.2.1 typeof()
The
typeof() operator is used to find the type
of value.
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JAVASCRIPT
1 let a = 900;
2 let b = 9.2;
3 console.log(typeof(a)); /
4 console.log(typeof(b)); /
Try out changing the different Values in the
below Code Playground and check the
output in the console.
HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head></head>
4 <body>
5 Your HTML code goes here. W
6 </body>
7 </html>
2. Converting String to a
Number
In JavaScript, when we combine the number
and string, it results in a string.
The
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parseInt() function accepts a string and
converts it into an integer.
JAVASCRIPT
1 let a = '20';
2 console.log(typeof(a)); /
3
4 let b = parseInt(a);
5 console.log(typeof(b)); /
3. Conditional Statements
The Conditional Statement allows you to
execute a block of code only when a specific
condition is true.
If...Else Statement:
Syntax:
JAVASCRIPT
1 if (conditionA) {
2 Block1;
3 }
4 else if (conditionB) {
5 Block2;
6 }
7 else {
8 Block3;
9 }
Try out changing the colors, increment, and
decrement Values in the below Code
Playground and check the output.
HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head>
4 <link rel="stylesheet" href
5 <script src="https://code.j
https://learning.ccbp.in/course?c_id=5e93210e-f183-433d-a12d-79d81deb01be&t_id=64c6b29b-1c30-4fc9-b45c-2ec92b266c14&s_id=c5beb3d0-… 3/4
8/30/23, 6:48 AM Revolutionizing the Job Market | NxtWave
5 <script src https://code.j
6 <script src="https://cdn.j
7 <script src="https://stack
8 </head>
9 <body>
10 <div class="bg-container te
11 <h1 class="counter-headi
12 <p id="counterValue" cla
13 <div>
14 <button onClick="onDec
15 <button onClick="onRese
16 <button onClick="onInc
17 </div>
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Input Element and Math Functions | Cheat Sheet
1. Math Functions
1.1 Math.random()
The
Math.random() function returns a random
number (float value) in range 0 to less than 1 ( 0
<= randomNumber < 1 ).
JAVASCRIPT
1 console.log(Math.random())
1.2 Math.ceil()
The
Math.ceil() function always rounds a
number up to the next largest integer.
JAVASCRIPT
1 console.log(Math.ceil(95.9
Try running the code multiple times and observe
the output in the console.
HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head></head>
4 <body>
5 Your HTML code goes here. W
6 </body>
7 </html>
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2. HTML Elements
2.1 HTML Input Element
The HTML
input element creates interactive controls to
accept the data from the user.
There are different types of inputs.
Text
Password
Radio
Date
Checkbox
2.1.1 Text Input
HTML
1 <input type="text" />
Note
Default type for the
HTML input element is text .
2.1.2 Password Input
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It provides a way for the user to enter a password
securely.
HTML
1 <input type="password" />
3. DOM Properties
3.1 Value
We can use the
value property to get the value of the HTML
input Element.
JAVASCRIPT
1 document.getElementById("i
Try out giving the different input values and
check the output in the below Code Playground.
HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head></head>
4 <body>
5 <p>Enter your Name</p>
6 <input type="text" id="inp
7 <p>Enter your Password</p>
8 <input type="password" />
9 <div>
10 <button onclick="signIn(
11 </div>
12 <p id="signInText"></p>
13 </body>
14 </html>
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4. Comparison Operator
4.1 Loose equal to vs Strict equal to
( == vs === )
Loose equal to (
== ): Loose equality compares two values for
equality but doesn’t compare types of values.
Strict equal to ( === ): Strict equality compares
two values for equality including types of values.
JAVASCRIPT
1 console.log(2 == '2'); //
2 console.log(2 === '2'); /
Try out giving the different input values and
check the output in the below Code Playground.
HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
https://learning.ccbp.in/course?c_id=5e93210e-f183-433d-a12d-79d81deb01be&t_id=64c6b29b-1c30-4fc9-b45c-2ec92b266c14&s_id=9298e2a1-… 4/4
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Arrays & More DOM Manipulations | Cheat Sheet
1. Data Structures
Data Structures allow us to store and
organize data efficiently. This makes us
access and performs operations on the data
smoothly.
In JavaScript, we have built-in Data Structures
like,
Arrays
Objects
Maps
Sets
2. Array
An Array holds an ordered sequence of
items.
2.1 Creating an Array
JAVASCRIPT
1 let myArray = [5, "six", 2
2
3 console.log(myArray); //
2.2 Accessing an Array Item
JAVASCRIPT
1 let myArray = [5, "six", 2
2
3 console.log(myArray[0]);
4
5 console.log(myArray[1]);
2.3 Modifying an Array Item
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JAVASCRIPT
1 let myArray = [5, "six", 2
2 myArray[1] = 6;
3
4 console.log(myArray); //
2.4 Finding Array Length
The
array.length is used to find the number of
items in the array.
JAVASCRIPT
1 let myArray = [5, "six", 2
2 let lengthOfArray = myArra
3
4 console.log(lengthOfArray)
2.5 Array Methods
2.5.1 push()
The
push() method adds new items to the end
of the array.
JAVASCRIPT
1 let myArray = [5, "six", 2
2 myArray.push(true);
3
4 console.log(myArray); //
2.5.2 pop()
The
pop() method removes the last item of an
array and returns that item.
JAVASCRIPT
1 let myArray = [5, "six", 2
2 let lastItem = myArray.pop
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3
4 console.log(myArray); //
5
6 console.log(lastItem); //
Try out creating an array, accessing,
modifying its array items, and apply array
methods to them in the below Code
Playground.
HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
1 let myArray = [5, "six", 2, 8.2
2 myArray[1] = 7;
3 myArray.pop();
4 myArray.push("seven");
5
6 console.log(myArray);
3. Functions
3.1 Function Declaration
JAVASCRIPT
1 function showMessage() {
2 console.log("Hello");
3 }
4
5 showMessage();
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3.2 Function Expression
There is another syntax for creating a
function which is called Function Expression.
JAVASCRIPT
1 let showMessage = function
2 console.log("Hello");
3 };
4
5 showMessage();
4. More DOM Manipulations
4.1 Creating an HTML Element
- createElement()
JAVASCRIPT
1 let h1Element = document.c
2 h1Element.textContent = "W
3
4 console.log(h1Element); /
4.2 Appending to an HTML
Element - appendChild()
Appending to Document Body
Object:
JAVASCRIPT
1 document.body.appendChild(
Appending to Existing Container
Element:
JAVASCRIPT
1 let containerElement = doc
2 containerElement.appendChi
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Try out creating and appending the HTML
elements like a paragraph, image, etc. in the
below Code Playground.
HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
1 let h1Element = document.create
2 h1Element.textContent = "Web Te
3
4 let containerElement = document
5 containerElement.appendChild(h1
6
7 let btnElement = document.creat
8 btnElement.textContent = "Chang
9 containerElement.appendChild(bt
4.3 Adding Event Listeners
Dynamically
JAVASCRIPT
1 let btnElement = document.
2 btnElement.textContent = "
3 document.getElementById("m
4
5 btnElement.onclick = funct
6 console.log("click event
7 };
4.4 Providing Class Names
Dynamically - classList.add()
JAVASCRIPT
1 btnElement.onclick = funct
2 h1Element.textContent =
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3 h1Element.classList.add(
4
5 console.log(h1Element);
6 };
CSS
1 .heading {
2 color: blue;
3 font-family: "Caveat";
4 font-size: 40px;
5 text-decoration: underli
6 }
4.5 Removing Class Names
Dynamically - classList.remove()
JAVASCRIPT
1 let removeStylesBtnElement
2 removeStylesBtnElement.tex
3
4 document.getElementById("m
5
6 removeStylesBtnElement.onc
7 h1Element.classList.remo
8 };
Try out adding the event listeners, class
names and removing class names
dynamically in the below Code Playground.
HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
1 let h1Element = document.create
2 h1Element.textContent = "Web Te
3
4 let containerElement = document
5 containerElement.appendChild(h1
6
7 let btnElement = document.creat
8 btnElement.textContent = "Chang
9 containerElement.appendChild(bt
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10
11 btnElement.onclick = function(
12 h1Element.textContent = "4.0
13 h1Element.classList.add("head
14 };
15
16 let removeStylesBtnElement = do
17 removeStylesBtnElement.textCont
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Objects | Cheat Sheet
Object
An Object is a collection of properties.
A property is an association between a name
(or key) and a value.
For example, a person has a name, age, city,
etc. These are the properties of the person.
Key Value
firstName Rahul
lastName Attuluri
age 28
city Delhi
1. Creating an Object
We can add properties into
{} as key: value pairs.
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 };
6
7 console.log(person); // O
1.1 Identifiers
A valid Identifier should follow the below
rules:
It can contain alphanumeric
characters, _ and $ .
It cannot start with a number.
Valid Identifiers:
JAVASCRIPT
1 firstName;
2 $firstName;
3 firstName;
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3 _firstName;
4 firstName12;
Invalid Identifiers:
JAVASCRIPT
1 12firstName;
2 firstName 12;
To use an Invalid identifier as a key, we have
to specify it in quotes.
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 "1": "value1",
6 "my choice": "value2",
7 };
8
9 console.log(person); // O
2. Accessing Object Properties
2.1 Dot Notation
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 "1": "value1",
6 "my choice": "value2",
7 };
8
9 console.log(person.firstNa
Use Dot notation when the key is a valid
Identifier.
2.2 Bracket Notation
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 "1": "value1",
6 "my choice": "value2",
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7 };
8
9 console.log(person["firstN
2.3 Accessing Non-existent Properties
Dot Notation:
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 "1": "value1",
6 "my choice": "value2",
7 };
8
9 console.log(person.gender)
Bracket Notation:
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 "1": "value1",
6 "my choice": "value2",
7 };
8
9 console.log(person["gender
2.4 Variable as a Key
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 };
6
7 let a = "firstName";
8
9 console.log(person[a]);
10
Expand
2.5 Object Destructuring
To unpack properties from Objects, we use
Object Destructuring. The variable name
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should match with the key of an object.
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 };
6
7 let { gender, age } = p
8
9 console.log(gender); /
10
Expand
Try out creating and accessing the Object in
different ways like Object destructuring, dot
notation etc. in the below Code Playground.
HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head></head>
4 <body>
5 Your HTML code goes here. W
6 </body>
7 </html>
3. Modifying Objects
3.1 Modifying Object Property
Dot Notation:
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
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4 age: 28,
5 };
6
7 person.firstName = "Abhi";
8
9 console.log(person.firstNa
Bracket Notation:
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 };
6
7 person["firstName"] = "Abh
8
9 console.log(person["firstN
3.2 Adding Object Property
Dot Notation:
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 };
6
7 person.gender = "Male";
8
9 console.log(person); // O
Bracket Notation:
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 };
6
7 person["gender"] = "Male";
8
9 console.log(person); // O
4. Property Value
The Value of Object Property can be
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Function
Array
Object
4.1 Function as a Value
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 run: function () {
6 console.log("Start Ru
7 },
8 };
9
10 person.run(); // Start R
Methods:
A JavaScript method is a property containing
a function definition.
For example, in
document.createElement(); , the
document is an Object, createElement
is a key and createElement() is a Method.
4.2 Array as a Value
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 habits: ["Playing Che
6 };
7
8 console.log(person.habi
9
10 console.log(person.habi
Expand
4.3 Object as a Value
JAVASCRIPT
1 let person = {
2 firstName: "Rahul",
3 lastName: "Attuluri",
4 age: 28,
5 habits: ["Playing Che
6 car: {
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7 name: "Audi",
8 model: "A6",
9 color: "White",
10 },
Expand
HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head></head>
4 <body>
5 Your HTML code goes here. W
6 </body>
7 </html>
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