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Lab2 - Copy pdf

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muntatharmuhsen2004
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Oil & Gas Basrah University

Oil & Gas Engineering Department


Class: 2nd
Petroleum Geology
Lab.no.2
Lecturer: Dr.Hiba Munther

Direction of horizontal and vertical fluid migration

Phₒ = Shₒ = ρbₒ g hₒ …………….. 1


Phₒ = Fluid pressure increase
Shₒ = Overburden pressure increase
ρbₒ = Water-saturated bulk density of the new sediment layer hₒ
g = Acceleration due to gravity

Excess pressure = Fluid pressure – Hydrostatic pressure


(Phₒ) a = Phₒ – (Phₒ) n ……………. 2
(Phₒ) a = Excess pressure increase

(Phₒ) n = Normal or hydrostatic pressure increase


(Phₒ) n = ρw g hₒ …………….. 3
ρw = Density of formation water

By substitution eqs. 1 and 3 in to eq. 2 we obtain.


(Phₒ) a = (ρbₒ – ρw) g hₒ …………… 4

All surface and subsurface thickness data shows ( h ) at present (after


compaction), so equation (4) must be reversed.

Relation between ( hₒ ) and ( h ) is


hₒ ( 1– Øₒ ) =h ( 1– Ø ) ……………….. 5
Ø ₒ= Porosity before compaction (original porosity)
hₒ = Thickness before compaction (original thickness)
Ø = Porosity after compaction (at present)
h = Thickness after compaction (at present)
(Ø) in term of (ρ)
Ø ₒ= (ρm – ρbₒ) / (ρm – ρw) ……………. 6
Ø = (ρm – ρb) / (ρm – ρw) ……………. 7

With substitution eqs. 6 and 7 in eq. 5 we obtain.


hₒ (ρbₒ – ρw) = h (ρb – ρw) ……………. 8
Back to eq, 4
(Phₒ) a = (ρbₒ – ρw) g hₒ
(Phₒ) a = h (ρb – ρw) ……………….. 9

Suppose we have the case in the figure above.


[Phₒ] a (psi) = [ ρb(psi / ft) – ρw (psi / ft) ] h (ft) ………….. 10

When excess pressure at any of the wells could be calculated hence the
direction of fluid migration could be expected.

Now relating to volume ( V ).


Vₒ ( 1- Ø ₒ ) = V ( 1- Ø ) ………………… 11
In terms of density ( ρ )
Vₒ (ρbₒ – ρw) = V (ρb – ρw) ……………. 12
Vₒ = V (ρb – ρw) / (ρbₒ – ρw) …………… 13

So the total migrated fluid (horizontally and vertically) will be


W = Vₒ - V ………………… 14

With substitution eq. 13 in eq. 14 we obtain.


W = V [(ρb – ρbₒ) / (ρbₒ – ρw)] ……………. 15
Homework:

1. Using the geological cross section below to find the direction of the
fluid migration.

2. Calculate the original thickness of the shale at each of the points


below wells (A,B, and C). Knowing that
(ρw=0.435Psi),(Øₒ=68%), (ØA =17%), (ØB =20%) and(ØC =30%).

3. If you know that (ρbₒ=0.8Psi/ft) calculate (W) at the same points


for a unit area (1ft2).

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