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Operating Systems (22516) unit no 1 notes .
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views47 pagesOsy 1ST Unit
Operating Systems (22516) unit no 1 notes .
Uploaded by
bobbyathinksonCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 47
DATE Page No.
jf
SUBJECT 4
oe
“unit-1 Oueomes
LD Sxelain. the_fundrening | [
= Sa given component of
|_| , OPera oq
eeplain chayattertstt(e_ at
the given type of
system.
SIGN. Remark
Taentify type of 0
een a ae sel
execute Command Sat
_ Comer ine for an 7
_ given erdee \\\
ONL T 4
olery)< © af opeocthing System
foO Toy Operation
an 4 o
~ofeecling . suskem ad ag. 00 _
he user _o
ieee WwW beg? 4
“es and the tomputer _ha7l)ware.
2 @
TO deck apelicukinn fm one
Another @ _
3) How) fo Provide tfictent access fo
resources -
rate. onl] varius
Llo “Teuice : :
city Anel THs Goals -
athe Security misuse of system can be
ClassiHed as -Puscease ft)
, Tet im Cusy bo aa dental
migAse ae eedagatetis modliciou S
test misuse.
o=—The Syotem (8 geécure fF tks
Se are usec and > acces se ol
das pimposed under al «
Total Security fs-impoocible to
declajewe
> The challenges in _dewloping operalin
System Securxity ig to dest Gn
security mechanism that sabeq unr
Process exerubon tind thoir generated
Aotd with omplex -taterarhons, :
only suffcten} protection. system 15
mot enough for totcu eect
; Protection — mechanism refer to 0
at C-
infetmakon tn Computer. Decumty has. many aspect 5:
-e the nature ef th7ecths -
us He nature of intruder? +i
at Accichental deuba toss. —
. Nadare of ( threats - ‘
‘) ‘Trejan horses — LC
“These funcion Gn be moclifs
Aeleting or Peri rminy ee ‘on
user file.
+ TH also copy File to ferticuay Place
Teakre coucker can veover tt
+ -t4 can be placed on internet a any
File to athaad amy user cftertion.
a Peter that if user clown load and
ain it then frofan horse c ge I
invoked to pes Form. unexpected
OPCTAHONS. -
(2) - Yeap doors ~
C4 7s Piece of code “Zia rae cle,
14 em by the ole signer to Je}
gees ~ quackty tether Himen, cob the
time te tes aa Phase.
«if the shonest programmer
delibcrakely saves Hus cde in or
simply nat wemember to remove [I
“Polen tical Security holes Indrnaducedl.
calyscluHion i9 ty reformed the sur
* -Trtiuders —
tt! 15 most well-enpwn thyeat _ ke security gener 5
packets aly _tef-ered to as
Passive intruders wand po vead fle
in @ Unuthorized “vay
Acti G 7
un utho® ztc} q-eS ee _
ON mM +h g i uderg ,
atte: accident}
_. Gome of the | acrdentay
clata los¢ cave:
Act of Jod- fires, Flood ec] hy ale ©
woUurs
eyror 19 reacting - cig, creusaer.
i - «ce err: .
a) duman emo tniorrect clata eniry
worong Pmyrdt wun tost cligk or
tape “or Some Other mn [ota je rT) Ute wl gs TO
— Annals of Protecdton
« Protection mechanism refer to Parkin,
operating system mechanigm—sonich .
cme "5e9 fo protect taformaston , files
cind Tesources ta compuler. Hee
» Protechon mechanism has ceuCop fy,
impmve vreltabritty of siny mPa
_ systtm ta which Use of Shared _
_ re sources [> tnvolvecd ceo
“There gre . many reasons tv offer fhe
protection.
1 td is cnteded to provide the niet
do avoid deliberate vio laHoP of an
access restriction by User _____
« yl 15 necessary —fto— make sure
~ that, each Program _¢ Nt
~ YOnaing in. foe syskm ube system
*esourtes as per defined Policits
to ensure reliability of system.
+ Policies fe ‘mdkKke .use: of vesources
of computer Systm are put sate
eftect by Mechanism is offered by
Protection EEE
» some of the policles ave indude.
ia the clesign of systema.
Other Policies ave deci _ by He
managment of System
+ many Polici@S are defined by the
inciuiduct} user of the system _
to protect their acon eta
Progr . fe
‘ Prfecton syskro showd be fleable Xp otter clifterenk and eat tad
- the citererd Nee of Poiies ae
+ littered {Yee of apeliedton have.
“| eee of resource use.
+ dpplicabton Propyvummer should be _
__ulse__ Protection" mechanism to protect
—_—7eseurces. _creale aqaing+ mreuse _
A sey view)
- +_-T} the us€y 15 workin on cl
i Stagle Pc fer hig work © then
__Parformanre (io mostly faxen tate
oNsiclonaHw,
7 «tf many oer working on worksahiy,
con mainframe © minicompuler
oy servers they share ‘resource
; i of the semper 7 ys
~The uscy view of computer varies
— acerclin to tndey fate being Used.
- the got) fs ts maximize “the —
a work “thal user [5 perfor ming
oe é ‘ dD 7
nl of ec, consisting of moniter,
_ | Key System unit |
Such A Sustem ts clesign fey one
User to mMonvpslize ifs resource, | ' jae a cilegs fe calle
—__.| 86 Measure - eo er eee
~ + —Ti_manayes the ke red re Te Sources
~ of computer system f-
—____» Resources. dtled proce 55075 ee
memory, cligk and other storage [
aa device lo cevice uch as keyboard
i ad monitors So on-
a =the cperatking system muck dere
how 4 CWocal them tp SPecific
programs ancl Users Sa thet}
it” cin operate the com puber sustain |”
_efficteaty
—-_difeerea} view of operakng system
the wee Tlo cleutce.. and user |
Hl eae ing .
te fi condm| Pp Manages the
aia exeruHon of User Programs fs
- prevent eranrs n.d iMpmper Use.
pe OF the Gomputey lens fam.
Ting
Cte OO
-Diltercn pe 0 CVO ling aya enls
7 Boch ing sustem=
o the ofeva}erS at the. computer _
sistem. woud gmup the lob a5 per _
Programming Sr eS
la The fol? cohich —eequirecl land 7
_ —Pancessing time were _ctassifi Sd
do tong J an which hack Shert a
___ PmcessyA Hme- wis cdassiffed as
Short 3 Pe ea
«othe entive processing wWds but
Ericess) the besic of sof of
JoOhs
e There wus no. user interact
{fo processing “the Joh
UU] rer aja busy
cU_a_time in _emcessing one
Proyram.
2 Tf dny Tlo required, then PROCESO?
as ed ts |
high eoith compare: to zo eae i
urnce of the Proces i
Tele (zak on «lug . Poor -cind tool
remain iclle for most of Hime. _
7 —TIn_this SCend rid Only “one prdvqm _
wodg kept in memory at a Hove of
eer hion: a
O35 does not permit the user te
ans inberad usith -execult OPA ¢
Tob Srhedd'ay.’ ta 4 poof Q
in_order to orriuval net is fret
come first. Serve basis, Pee eee
seria. therefor
Accesses te file ae re
aD manager) ig gimele 4S no :
pro tecHon_ ro mequired. Feet
a AS one Saget of memory OS %¥ site
eB used tn lo
[ ee for _execuon, 4h
ent_(o_ cUSd_S| sie
cornet asta ane better fax
[
ae
E
Vv
Pay
ae
Job ond ui ae not Needed
—__| pis ee busy ct) | fhe time G0,
___its _ulilizahion is “inereased-
fe
a Multipmgsammecd Operating Sys
ae » Multipmgrg var malay to required f
Support “= mat elé _ pracesges
1 Gimatbeneo fe
Ee 2 Since mulHple processes are re 2, Vesiclont
7 _in_ memory at same time, it I norease
Processor ullizahon if the. Prpcesses
a aré Z)o hound. ee
—* ceU. ulilizakion tnorease ag oh |
_ ie ge PMCeESSES on time, |
—+_PtulHeregiamming gives illuston of
-aunming multiple” process ad once
— and prvide usey with. TeSPoN Se _
SESH ei naees
a» fl sin iagle ae “canno}_ Weep either
—cev_e%-Tlo device busy all the.
Hime, op erating fete Support a
fe mitt p TO gr mM og a
4 all pergoncdt comp fe —operaling Es
7 tt 4
ety
t—
+
— —-SYsteM_ support fer mwWhPreqy
Al the boot time “Senentng —
PWYTaMs start uatitlt Severs
ae mul D ¢ =
Sistem organic tke Jo as
one Soh +o _
ay cpu “alssaya 7
— execute. ,— multi pm Fammj OG improves _
ce “ube ization caneen a
1 &xamples of operand Sdotem are
—UNTX, Linux Windows pe :
7 Time shared operating Guster
~ sul eg era 7
* Multiple users "are aes by
Lime Shared operating System to ch
the machine at the’ same me
. ee aa system: ig cupable
of thing each acon in a very
\e55 oe edch user need Can he
Fulfilled tn very less +Hme
af parkcuay user programm execukes.
me py system cind
Lf
ct ° Ts ae gra
: cWoctor of computer
esources jn dime slots EN severe
: ; Oy
Hoe Sharing munner _
2 Considey ex of multiple users
Logy-ec| fq Game seryey the |
__wesource fa _strver_machine like
cep gets cWocatedl te earch USe7 \ vy yyy
yy yy 4
ns eee)
“Lie, MuliprocesseY— Systeme
+ mulliple processor Cun -AGtESS, these
on time sharing .pasis. giv ast the
_ feetine an ‘each user that oor) : a
| Sxchsivedy
the aim of Hme gharing pis
do offer cin _interacHue . tele cubtion.
"of computer aystem te ite user. L
‘Many USers can Shave the Tesource
_ Of compuked sustem cut the same Hime
« User can _exerute thelr Sir a seneu)
Hime slot cWocife d fo
I alter expircahion of fae “lak
ister guitches +o Other US
L Ae ‘ocheduling is Used’ and. fine
ig dtutded % “eex _gch-edwhin
Criterra the time sharing system
- offers _ atyaight =
— of usens.
_* MULH pr cessor opeyak aeeae 7
offers support for _muttple prmcessors
having access to shaved memory.
a In hese case, CW dlatg gotudar
required by operat — Sokem. tes
ae a ardwure _,“ together cvith.
mu CPUS are
Shurecl menor plated a
clatd , heace pr tection vec
j simultaneous” acess is ne o
Prmmige Conei stency. a the main aim of ma ltip C
oper aliog- system is te athpeee
- eyformance by) me: -
multiple cpus I =
hit the commuoicuhion a made b
ee —datq cu Share. 0
ancl tt iS wequire S
pap teed that deta eigen Sk Concurien.
access.
eidtndows and [tnux ore multiemcessay
operating system
a
At Distaibu Lecl ystems.
o collect on
OF ehysically. Later 6 . Posakly
‘nelero geneous Lompaker Mstems
vi USCr”
with. access +o tue TeESOUY CES
that system maintains.
o_compukey _Nelwork is defrrod: as set
: Gar —
connected tehathor by communtcotron
links. these “clevice fnclude= comp
Printers, and other device cupuble of 7
sending and teceivin 4 informahion
farm other sevice _o nedworkk. SO
CoMpubey: nelwork 1 inher Conhecte sc}
ee eae oe
+f digi bake l_aystern 16 defined role
appear: tn its User _as single coh ere nd —
Sisbem. \
yoy Fd
|
|
1 a
q
} oy 4
|:
)
_clistind architecture — an
__ dist peal ae {—
“tke intesaction of user ~cincl_aP Ataf [a
| with dietbakes) ~oystem ts onsistent [
+ Distribubed syskeo— Showd always [
@ tantly “curled system
i Fal “Slagle glob cl view OF
—&) Loos ~coupied Systems ~
_
