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Question - 3
In Python, what is the primary purpose of the iloc method when working with Pandas
DataFrames?

A. Selecting columns by label

B. Selecting rows by label

C. Selecting rows and columns by integer position

D. Creating a new DataFrame

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Interview Question - 1

Scenario: You work for a popular food delivery app. The company
wants to improve the accuracy of delivery time estimates provided to
customers. Currently, delivery times are often inaccurate due to
various factors such as traffic, restaurant preparation time, and
delivery distance.
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Interview Question - 1
1) What data cleaning and preprocessing steps would you perform on
the collected data to ensure its quality and reliability for analysis?

2) What exploratory data analysis techniques would you apply to

understand the relationships between delivery times and factors like
traffic, restaurant preparation time, and delivery distance?

3) If user feedback data is available, how would you analyze it to gain

insights into the accuracy of delivery time estimates and areas for
improvement?

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Interview Question - 1
1) What data cleaning and preprocessing steps would you perform on the collected data to
ensure its quality and reliability for analysis?
Handling Missing Values: Address any missing data points in the dataset by either imputing
missing values or removing records with missing critical information.
Outlier Detection: Identify and handle outliers in delivery times or distances that may skew the
analysis. Consider using statistical methods like the Z-score or IQR method.
Timestamp Standardization: Ensure that all timestamps are in a consistent format and
timezone for accurate time-based analysis.
Data Validation: Check for data consistency and integrity, including cross-verifying restaurant
preparation times with actual delivery times.
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Interview Question - 1
2) What exploratory data analysis techniques would you apply to understand the relationships between
delivery times and factors like traffic, restaurant preparation time, and delivery distance?

Descriptive Statistics: Calculate summary statistics for delivery times, distances, and other relevant
variables to get an overview of the data distribution.

Correlation Analysis: Use correlation coefficients to measure the strength and direction of relationships
between delivery times and factors like traffic, preparation time, and distance.

Data Visualization: Create visualizations such as scatter plots, histograms, or heatmaps to visualize patterns
and trends in the data, especially how delivery times vary with different factors.
Time-Series Analysis: Analyze delivery time trends over time to identify any seasonality or temporal
patterns.

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Interview Question - 1
3) If user feedback data is available, how would you analyze it to gain insights into the accuracy of delivery
time estimates and areas for improvement?
Sentiment Analysis: Perform sentiment analysis on user feedback comments to categorize feedback as
positive, negative, or neutral. This helps gauge overall satisfaction.

Word Clouds: Create word clouds to visualize frequently mentioned keywords or phrases in user feedback,
highlighting areas of concern or praise.

Feature Extraction: Extract valuable insights from user feedback by identifying common themes, such as
complaints about late deliveries or positive comments about accurate time estimates.

Quantitative Metrics: Use quantitative metrics like Net Promoter Score (NPS) or Customer Satisfaction
Score (CSAT) to quantify user satisfaction and track improvements over time.

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Interview Question - 2

How does Pandas handle time series data, and

what are the advantages of using Pandas for
time series analysis?

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Interview Question - 2
Handling Time Series Data in Pandas:
DateTime Index: Pandas allows you to use the ‘DateTimeIndex’ to represent time-
related data. This index type is designed for efficient time-based indexing and
slicing.

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Interview Question - 2
Handling Time Series Data in Pandas:
Time-Based Slicing: You can easily slice and filter time series data using date and time criteria

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Interview Question - 2
Handling Time Series Data in Pandas:
Time-Based Slicing: You can easily slice and filter time series data using date and time criteria

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Interview Question - 2
Resampling and Aggregation:
Pandas allows you to resample time series data to different frequencies and apply aggregation
functions. Here's how to resample daily data to monthly frequency and calculate the mean:

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Interview Question - 2
Time Zone Handling:
Pandas supports time zone handling. Here's an example of converting timestamps to a different time
zone:

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Interview Question - 2
Time Zone Handling:
Pandas supports time zone handling. Here's an example of converting timestamps to a different time
zone:

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Interview Question - 2
Advantages of Using Pandas for Time Series Analysis:

Data Alignment : Pandas automatically aligns time series data based on timestamps, ensuring that data
points are correctly matched, even when dealing with missing or irregular intervals.

Data Transformation: You can easily perform common time series operations like shifting, differencing,
and rolling calculations using Pandas, simplifying data preparation for analysis.

Data Visualization: Pandas integrates seamlessly with data visualization libraries like Matplotlib and
Seaborn, enabling the creation of informative time series plots and charts.

Integration with Other Libraries: You can seamlessly integrate Pandas with other data analysis and
machine learning libraries like NumPy, Scikit-Learn, and Statsmodels, allowing for more advanced time
series modeling and forecasting.

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Interview Question - 3

Explain the difference between Python lists

and NumPy arrays, and when would you use
one over the other in data analysis?

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Interview Question - 3
Python lists and NumPy arrays are both used for storing and manipulating data, but
they have several key differences:

1. Data Type Homogeneity:

Python Lists: Python lists can contain elements of different data types. For example,
a single list can hold integers, floats, strings, and even other lists.

NumPy Arrays: NumPy arrays are homogeneous, meaning they store elements of the
same data type. This homogeneity allows for efficient memory storage and optimized
numerical operations.
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Interview Question - 3
Python lists and NumPy , key differences:
2. Performance:

Python Lists: Lists are not optimized for numerical operations and can be slower when
performing operations on large datasets. They are implemented in Python's standard
library and are relatively slower for mathematical calculations.

NumPy Arrays: NumPy arrays are highly efficient for numerical computations. They are
implemented in C and provide low-level memory optimizations. This makes NumPy arrays
significantly faster than Python lists for numerical operations, especially on large
datasets.
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Interview Question - 3
Python lists and NumPy , key differences:
3. Size:

Python Lists: Lists are dynamic, which means you can change their size by appending,
inserting, or removing elements. They do not have a fixed size.

NumPy Arrays: NumPy arrays have a fixed size upon creation, and you cannot change
their size without creating a new array. This fixed size is useful for memory optimization
and efficient data storage.

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Interview Question - 3
Python lists and NumPy , key differences:
4. Functionality:

Python Lists: Python lists have limited built-in functions for numerical operations. While
you can perform basic operations, such as addition and multiplication, they are not as
optimized as NumPy functions.

NumPy Arrays: NumPy provides a wide range of mathematical and statistical functions
that are optimized for arrays. It enables vectorized operations, broadcasting, and
element-wise computations, making it a powerful tool for scientific and numerical
computing.
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Interview Question - 3
Python lists and NumPy , key differences:
5. Syntax and Convenience:

Python Lists: Python lists are part of the core Python language and are easy to create and
manipulate. They are suitable for general-purpose programming tasks.

NumPy Arrays: NumPy arrays require importing the NumPy library, which adds an extra
step. However, they provide extensive functionality and performance benefits for
numerical tasks.

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Interview Question - 4

How would you count the occurrences of a

specific substring within a larger string in
Python?

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Interview Question - 4

1) Using str.count() method:

The str.count() method allows you to count the non-overlapping occurrences
of a substring within a larger string. Here's an example:

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Interview Question - 4

2) Using regular expressions (regex):

You can use the re module in Python to count occurrences of a substring
using regular expressions. Here's an example:

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Interview Question - 4
3) Using a loop:
You can manually iterate through the larger string and count occurrences of
the substring. Here's an example:

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Interview Question - 5

How can you create a dictionary from two

lists, one containing keys and the other
containing values, efficiently in Python?

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Interview Question - 5
You can efficiently create a dictionary from two lists—one containing keys and the
other containing values—using the dict() constructor and the zip() function in
Python.

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Interview Question - 5
Using Dictionary Comprehension:

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Interview Question - 6

Explain the process of adding annotations,

titles, and labels to Seaborn plots to enhance
their readability and interpretation.

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Interview Question - 6
Titles and Labels:
Title: You can add a title to your Seaborn plot using the plt.title() function from Matplotlib.
For example:

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Axis Labels: You can label the x and y axes using plt.xlabel() and plt.ylabel() functions. For
example:

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Interview Question - 6
Annotations:
Text Annotations: You can add text annotations to specific points on the plot using the
plt.text() function. Provide the x and y coordinates where you want to place the text and the
text itself. For example:

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Interview Question - 6

Legends:
When you have multiple data series or categories on the same plot,
you can add a legend to differentiate them. Seaborn often handles
legends automatically, but you can customize them using plt.legend().
For example:

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Interview Question - 6

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Interview Question - 6
1. Color Palettes:
Seaborn offers several built-in color palettes that you can use to set the color scheme of your
plots.

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Interview Question - 6
Styles:
Seaborn also provides different plotting styles that you can apply to your plots. Common styles
include "whitegrid," "darkgrid," "white," "dark," and "ticks."

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Question - 1
What is the purpose of broadcasting in NumPy?

A. Broadcasting allows you to broadcast live data streams.

B. Broadcasting is used to synchronize multiple CPUs.

C. Broadcasting enables element-wise operations on arrays with different shapes.

D. Broadcasting refers to sending data over a network.

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