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35 views2 pages

TD 2

Uploaded by

esterix.zer0
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Ecole Nationale Polytechnique Constantine

1st-year class preparatory


Analysis 1 - Guided Exercises N° 2: Real Sequences

Exercise 1. [Generalities]
1. Consider the sequence (un ) defined recursively as follows:

u0 = 1,

u1 = 2,
un+1 = un +u
 n−1
, for n ≥ 2.

2
n
ˆ Show that un+1 − un = − 12 .


ˆ Find an expression for (un ) in terms of n.


2. Study the monotonicity of the following sequences for all n ≥ 2:
r
n
un = , vn = n3 − 1.
2n
3. Among the sequences above, find those that are subsequences of another sequence:

(u2n )n∈N , (u3n )n∈N , (u6n )n∈N , (u3·2n )n∈N , (u2n )n∈N , (u2n+1 )n∈N .

Exercise 2. [Limit by Definition]


Using the definition of a limit, prove the limits of the following sequences:

n sin n n2
lim = 0, lim =1
n→+∞ n2 + 2 n→+∞ n(n + 1)

2n − 5n3
n2 + (−1)n n

lim = +∞, lim = −∞ (Add)
n→+∞ n→+∞ 2n + n2

Exercise 3. [Nature]
Study the nature of the following sequences:

n n
√
n
X 1 X (−1)k
un = an + bn , where a > b > 0 , vn = , wn = (Add)
n+k k!
k=1 k=1
yn = cos(nπ) , zn = 0.99999 . . . 99999 (Add) .

Exercise 4. [Adjacent Sequences]


Let a and b be positive real numbers:
√
1. Show that a+b
2 ≥ ab.
2. Prove the following inequalities (b ≥ a > 0):
a+b
a≤ ≤ b,
√2
a ≤ ab ≤ b.

1
3. Let u0 and v0 be strictly positive real numbers with u0 < v0 . Define two sequences:
√
un+1 = u n vn ,
un + vn
vn+1 = .
2
Show that the sequences (un ) and (vn ) are convergent and have the same limit.

Exercise 5. [Cauchy Criterion]


Use the Cauchy criterion to study the nature of the following sequences:
n2 −1
1. un = n2 .

2. (vn ) is a sequence satisfying: ∃0 < C < 1 such that |vn+1 − vn | ≤ C|vn − vn−1 |.
1 1 1
3. wn = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n Add .

Exercise 6. [Recursive Sequences]


Consider the sequence (un ) defined by u0 ∈]0, 1] and

u2n u2
un+1 = + n.
2 4
1. Prove that for all n ∈ N, 0 < un ≤ 1.
2. Study the nature of the sequence (un ) and calculate its limit if it is convergent.
3. Let E = {un , n > 1}. Determine sup E and inf E.

Mini-Problem: Introduction to Numerical Series (Supplementary)


1) Determine two real numbers a and b such that
1 a b
= + .
k2 −1 k−1 k+1

2) Define the sequence Sn = nk=2 k21−1 . Examine the nature of (Sn ). What can
P

you conclude about the nature of the series S = ∞ 1


P
n=2 n2 −1 ?

3) Using a similar approach, study the nature of the series R = ∞ 1


P
n=0 n2 +3n+2 .

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