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Chapter 9
Process Costing

Solutions to Questions

9-1 A process costing system should be 9-5 The journal entry to record the transfer
used in situations where a homogeneous of work in process from the Mixing Department
product is produced on a continuous basis. to the Firing Department is:

9-2 Job-order and processing costing are Work in Process, Firing ......................................
XXXX
similar in the following ways: Work in Process, Mixing ..............................
XXXX
1. Job-order costing and process costing have
the same basic purposes—to assign
9-6 The costs that might be added in the
materials, labor, and overhead cost to
Firing Department include: (1) costs transferred
products and to provide a mechanism for
in from the Mixing Department; (2) materials
computing unit product costs.
costs added in the Firing Department; (3) labor
2. Both systems use the same basic
costs added in the Firing Department; and (4)
manufacturing accounts.
overhead costs added in the Firing Department.
3. Costs flow through the accounts in basically
the same way in both systems.
9-7 Under the weighted-average method,
equivalent units of production consist of units
9-3 Cost accumulation is simpler under
transferred to the next department (or to
process costing because costs only need to be
finished goods) during the period plus the
assigned to departments—not individual jobs. A
equivalent units in the department’s ending
company usually has a small number of
work in process inventory.
processing departments, whereas a job-order
costing system often must keep track of the
9-8 The company will want to distinguish
costs of hundreds or even thousands of jobs.
between the costs of the metals used to make
the medallions, but the medals are otherwise
9-4 In a process costing system, a Work in
identical and go through the same production
Process account is maintained for each
processes. Thus, operation costing is ideally
processing department.
suited for the company’s needs.

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 423
The Foundational 15
1. The journal entries would be recorded as follows:
Work in Process—Mixing .................................................
120,000
Raw Materials Inventory ............................................ 120,000
Work in Process—Mixing .................................................
79,500
Wages Payable ......................................................... 79,500

2. The journal entry would be recorded as follows:


Work in Process—Mixing .................................................
97,000
Manufacturing Overhead ........................................... 97,000

3. The “units completed and transferred to finished goods” is computed


as follows:
Pounds
Work in process, June 1 .......................................... 5,000
Started into production during the month ................. 37,500
Total pounds in process........................................... 42,500
Deduct work in process, June 30.............................. 8,000
Completed and transferred out during the month ...... 34,500

4. and 5.
The equivalent units of production for materials and conversion are
computed as follows:

Equivalent Units
Materials Conversion
Units transferred out .................................... 34,500 34,500
Work in process, ending:
8,000 units × 100%.................................... 8,000
8,000 units × 40% ..................................... 3,200
Equivalent units of production ........................ 42,500 37,700

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


424 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
The Foundational 15 (continued)
6. and 7.
Materials Conversion
Cost of beginning work in process ................ $ 16,000 $ 12,000
Cost added during the period ....................... 120,000 176,500*
Total cost .................................................... $136,000 $188,500
* $79,500 + $97,000 = $176,500
8. and 9.
The cost per equivalent unit for materials and conversion is computed
as follows:
Total cost (a) ......................................... $136,000 $188,500
Equivalent units of production (b) ........... 42,500 37,700
Cost per equivalent unit (a) ÷ (b) ........... $3.20 $5.00

10. and 11.


The cost of ending work in process inventory for materials and
conversion is computed as follows:
Materials Conversion Total
Equivalent units of production (a) ... 8,000 3,200
Cost per equivalent unit (b) ............ $3.20 $5.00
Cost of ending work in process
inventory (a) × (b) .................... $25,600 $16,000 $41,600*
* $41,600 is the June 30 balance in the Work in Process—Mixing
Department T-account.

12. and 13.


The cost of materials and conversion transferred to finished goods is
computed as follows:
Materials Conversion Total
Units transferred out (a) .......................34,500 34,500
Cost per equivalent unit (b) .................. $3.20 $5.00
Cost of units transferred to finished
goods (a) × (b) ...............................
$110,400 $172,500 $282,900

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 425
The Foundational 15 (continued)
14. The journal entry to record the transfer of costs from Work in
Process—Mixing to Finished Goods would be recorded as follows:
Finished Goods............................................ 282,900
Work in Process—Mixing ....................... 282,900

15. The total cost to be accounted for and the total cost accounted for is:
Costs to be accounted for:
Cost of beginning work in process inventory ....... $ 28,000
Costs added to production during the period ...... 296,500
Total cost to be accounted for ........................... $324,500
Costs accounted for:
Cost of ending work in process inventory ........... $ 41,600
Cost of units completed and transferred out ....... 282,900
Total cost accounted for .................................... $324,500

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


426 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE METHOD PHYSICAL
UNITS %
BEGINNING WORK IN PROCESS (BWIP) 5,000
STARTED 37,500
TOTAL AVAILABLE or INPUTS 42,500
MATERIALS CONVERSION
EQUIVALENT UNIT
COMPLETED (i.e. TRANSFERRED OUT) 34,500 100% 34,500 34,500
ENDING WORK IN PROCESS (EWIP) 8,000 100% 8,000 -
40% - 3,200
TOTAL PRODUCED or OUTPUTS 42,500 42,500 37,700
COSTS TOTAL
BWIP $ 16,000 $ 12,000 $ 28,000
INCURRED DURING THE PERIOD $ 120,000 $ 176,500 $ 296,500
TOTAL $ 136,000 $ 188,500 $ 324,500
COST PER EQUIVALENT UNIT $ 3.20 $ 5.00 $ 8.20
VALUATION TOTAL
VALUE OF GOODS TRANSFER OUT (i.e. COMPLETED) $ 110,400 $ 172,500 $ 282,900
VALUE OF EWIP $ 25,600 $ 16,000 $ 41,600
$ 324,500

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 427
Exercise 9-1 (20 minutes)
a. To record issuing raw materials for use in production:
Work in Process—Molding Department ......... 23,000
Work in Process—Firing Department............. 8,000
Raw Materials ....................................... 31,000
b. To record direct labor costs incurred:
Work in Process—Molding Department ......... 12,000
Work in Process—Firing Department............. 7,000
Wages Payable ..................................... 19,000
c. To record applying manufacturing overhead:
Work in Process—Molding Department ......... 25,000
Work in Process—Firing Department............. 37,000
Manufacturing Overhead ....................... 62,000
d. To record transfer of unfired, molded bricks from
the Molding Department to the Firing Department:
Work in Process—Firing Department............. 57,000
Work in Process—Molding Department ... 57,000
e. To record transfer of finished bricks from the Firing
Department to the finished bricks warehouse:
Finished Goods............................................ 103,000
Work in Process—Firing Department ...... 103,000
f. To record cost of goods sold:
Cost of Goods Sold ...................................... 101,000
Finished Goods ..................................... 101,000

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


428 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
Exercise 9-2 (10 minutes)
Weighted-Average Method

Equivalent Units (EU)


Materials Conversion
Units transferred out ...................... 190,000 190,000
Work in process, ending:
15,000 units × 80% .................... 12,000
15,000 units × 40% .................... 6,000
Equivalent units of production ........ 202,000 196,000

WEIGHTED-AVERAGE METHOD PHYSICAL UNITS %


BEGINNING WORK IN PROCESS (BWIP) 30,000
STARTED 175,000
TOTAL AVAILABLE or INPUTS 205,000
MATERIALS CONVERSION
EQUIVALENT UNIT
COMPLETED (i.e. TRANSFERRED OUT) 190,000 100% 190,000 190,000
ENDING WORK IN PROCESS (EWIP) 15,000 80% 12,000 -
40% - 6,000
TOTAL PRODUCED or OUTPUTS 205,000 202,000 196,000

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 429
Exercise 9-3 (10 minutes)
Weighted-Average Method

1.
Materials Labor Overhead
Cost of beginning work in process
inventory................................... $ 18,000 $ 5,500 $ 27,500
Cost added during the period ........ 238,900 80,300 401,500
Total cost (a) ............................... $256,900 $85,800 $429,000
Equivalent units of production (b) . 35,000 33,000 33,000
Cost per equivalent unit (a) ÷ (b) . $7.34 $2.60 $13.00

2.
Cost per equivalent unit for materials ..... $ 7.34
Cost per equivalent unit for labor ........... 2.60
Cost per equivalent unit for overhead ..... 13.00
Total cost per equivalent unit ................. $22.94

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


430 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.
Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 431
Exercise 9-4 (10 minutes)

Materials Conversion Total


Ending work in process inventory:
Equivalent units of production ...... 2,000 800
Cost per equivalent unit ............... $13.86 $4.43
Cost of ending work in process
inventory ................................ $27,720 $3,544 $31,264

Units completed and transferred out:


Units transferred to the next
department ............................. 20,100 20,100
Cost per equivalent unit ............... $13.86 $4.43
Cost of units transferred out ......... $278,586 $89,043 $367,629

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


432 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
Exercise 9-5 (10 minutes)
Baking Department
Cost Reconciliation
Costs to be accounted for:
Cost of beginning work in process inventory . $ 3,570
Costs added to production during the period . 43,120
Total cost to be accounted for ...................... $46,690
Costs accounted for as follows:
Cost of ending work in process inventory ...... $ 2,860
Cost of units completed and transferred out.. 43,830 *
Total cost accounted for............................... $46,690

*The cost of units completed and transferred out can be deduced as


follows:
Cost of beginning Costs added Cost of ending Cost of units
work in process + to production = work in process + completed and
inventory during the period inventory transferred out
Cost of units
$3,570 + $43,120 = $2,860 + completed and
transferred out
Cost of units
completed and = $3,570 + $43,120 - $2,860
transferred out
Cost of units
completed and = $43,830
transferred out

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 433
Exercise 9-6 (10 minutes)

Work in Process—Cooking ............ 42,000


Raw Materials Inventory ......... 42,000
Work in Process—Cooking ............ 50,000
Work in Process—Molding ............ 36,000
Wages Payable ....................... 86,000
Work in Process—Cooking ............ 75,000
Work in Process—Molding ............ 45,000
Manufacturing Overhead ......... 120,000
Work in Process—Molding ............ 160,000
Work in Process—Cooking ....... 160,000
Finished Goods ............................ 240,000
Work in Process—Molding ....... 240,000

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


434 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
Exercise 9-7 (10 minutes)
Weighted-Average Method

1. Tons of Pulp
Work in process, June 1 .......................................... 20,000
Started into production during the month ................. 190,000
Total tons in process ............................................... 210,000
Deduct work in process, June 30 .............................. 30,000
Completed and transferred out during the month ...... 180,000

2. Equivalent Units (EU)


Labor and
Materials Overhead
Units transferred out ................................ 180,000 180,000
Work in process, ending:
Materials: 30,000 tons × 60% complete . 18,000
Labor and overhead:
30,000 tons × 40% complete .............. 12,000
Equivalent units of production ................... 198,000 192,000

WEIGHTED-AVERAGE METHOD PHYSICAL UNITS %

BEGINNING WORK IN PROCESS (BWIP) 20,000


STARTED 190,000
TOTAL AVAILABLE or INPUTS 210,000
MATERIALS CONVERSION
EQUIVALENT UNIT
COMPLETED (i.e. TRANSFERRED OUT) 180,000 100% 180,000 180,000

ENDING WORK IN PROCESS (EWIP) 30,000 60% 18,000 -


40% - 12,000
TOTAL PRODUCED or OUTPUTS 210,000 198,000 192,000

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 435
Exercise 9-8 (15 minutes)
Weighted-Average Method

1. Materials Labor Overhead


Units transferred to the next
department ...................................... 42,000 42,000 42,000
Work in process, ending:
Materials:
8,000 units × 75% complete .......... 6,000
Labor and overhead:
8,000 units × 50% complete .......... 4,000 4,000
Equivalent units of production ............. 48,000 46,000 46,000

2. Materials Labor Overhead


Cost of beginning work in process .... $ 4,320 $ 1,040 $ 1,790
Cost added during the period ........... 52,800 21,500 32,250
Total cost (a) .................................. $57,120 $22,540 $34,040
Equivalent units of production (b) .... 48,000 46,000 46,000
Cost per equivalent unit (a) ÷ (b)..... $1.19 $0.49 $0.74

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


436 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE METHOD PHYSICAL UNITS %

BEGINNING WORK IN PROCESS (BWIP) 5,000


STARTED 45,000
TOTAL AVAILABLE or INPUTS 50,000
MATERIALS LABOR CONVERSION
EQUIVALENT UNIT
COMPLETED (i.e. TRANSFERRED OUT) 42,000 100% 42,000 42,000 42,000

ENDING WORK IN PROCESS (EWIP) 8,000 75% 6,000 - -


50% - 4,000 4,000
TOTAL PRODUCED or OUTPUTS 50,000 48,000 46,000 46,000
COSTS TOTAL
BWIP $ 4,320 $ 1,040 $ 1,790 $ 7,150
INCURRED DURING THE PERIOD $ 52,800 $ 21,500 $ 32,250 $ 106,550
TOTAL $ 57,120 $ 22,540 $ 34,040 $ 113,700
COST PER EQUIVALENT UNIT $ 1.19 $ 0.49 $ 0.74 $ 2.42
VALUATION TOTAL
VALUE OF GOODS TRANSFER OUT (i.e. COMPLETED) $ 49,980 $ 20,580 $ 31,080 $ 101,640
VALUE OF EWIP $ 7,140 $ 1,960 $ 2,960 $ 12,060
$ 113,700

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 437
Exercise 9-9 (30 minutes)
Weighted-Average Method

1. Materials Conversion
Units transferred to the next production
department ................................................. 175,000 175,000
Ending work in process:
Materials: 10,000 units × 100% complete ..... 10,000
Conversion: 10,000 units × 30% complete .... 3,000
Equivalent units of production ......................... 185,000 178,000

2. Materials Conversion
Cost of beginning work in process .................. $ 1,500 $ 4,000
Cost added during the period ......................... 54,000 352,000
Total cost (a) ................................................ $55,500 $356,000
Equivalent units of production (b)................... 185,000 178,000
Cost per equivalent unit (a) ÷ (b) ................... $0.30 $2.00

3. Materials Conversion Total


Ending work in process inventory:
Equivalent units of production
(see above) ........................ 10,000 3,000
Cost per equivalent unit (see
above) ............................... $0.30 $2.00
Cost of ending work in process
inventory ............................ $3,000 $6,000 $9,000

Units completed and transferred out:


Units transferred to the next
department ........................ 175,000 175,000
Cost per equivalent unit
(see above) ........................ $0.30 $2.00
Cost of units completed and
transferred out ................... $52,500 $350,000 $402,500

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


438 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE METHOD PHYSICAL UNITS %
BEGINNING WORK IN PROCESS (BWIP) 5,000
STARTED 180,000
TOTAL AVAILABLE or INPUTS 185,000
MATERIALS CONVERSION
EQUIVALENT UNIT
COMPLETED (i.e. TRANSFERRED OUT) 175,000 100% 175,000 175,000
ENDING WORK IN PROCESS (EWIP) 10,000 100% 10,000 -
30% - 3,000
TOTAL PRODUCED or OUTPUTS 185,000 185,000 178,000
COSTS TOTAL
BWIP $ 1,500 $ 4,000 $ 5,500
INCURRED DURING THE PERIOD $ 54,000 $ 352,000 $ 406,000
TOTAL $ 55,500 $ 356,000 $ 411,500
COST PER EQUIVALENT UNIT $ 0.30 $ 2.00 $ 2.30
VALUATION TOTAL
VALUE OF GOODS TRANSFER OUT (i.e. COMPLETED) $ 52,500 $ 350,000 $ 402,500
VALUE OF EWIP $ 3,000 $ 6,000 $ 9,000
$ 411,500

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 439
Exercise 9-10 (30 minutes)
Weighted-Average Method

1. Equivalent units of production


Pulping Conversion
Transferred to next department........................ 157,000 157,000
Ending work in process:
Pulping: 8,000 units x 100% complete ........... 8,000
Conversion: 8,000 units x 25% complete ........ 2,000
Equivalent units of production .......................... 165,000 159,000

2. Cost per equivalent unit


Pulping Conversion
Cost of beginning work in process ................ $ 4,800 $ 500
Cost added during the period ....................... 102,450 31,300
Total cost (a) .............................................. $107,250 $31,800
Equivalent units of production (b) ................ 165,000 159,000
Cost per equivalent unit, (a) ÷ (b) ............... $0.65 $0.20

3. Cost of ending work in process inventory and units transferred out


Pulping Conversion Total
Ending work in process inventory:
Equivalent units of production... 8,000 2,000
Cost per equivalent unit ........... $0.65 $0.20
Cost of ending work in process
inventory ............................... $5,200 $400 $5,600
Units completed and transferred out:
Units transferred to the next
department ........................... 157,000 157,000
Cost per equivalent unit ........... $0.65 $0.20
Cost of units completed and
transferred out....................... $102,050 $31,400 $133,450

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


440 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
Exercise 9-10 (continued)
4. Cost reconciliation
Costs to be accounted for:
Cost of beginning work in process inventory
($4,800 + $500) ........................................ $ 5,300
Costs added to production during the period
($102,450 + $31,300) ................................ 133,750
Total cost to be accounted for ....................... $139,050
Costs accounted for as follows:
Cost of ending work in process inventory ...... $ 5,600
Cost of units completed and transferred out .. 133,450
Total cost accounted for ............................... $139,050

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 441
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE METHOD PHYSICAL UNITS %

BEGINNING WORK IN PROCESS (BWIP) 5,000


STARTED 160,000
TOTAL AVAILABLE or INPUTS 165,000
PULPING CONVERSION
EQUIVALENT UNIT
COMPLETED (i.e. TRANSFERRED OUT) 157,000 100% 157,000 157,000

ENDING WORK IN PROCESS (EWIP) 8,000 100% 8,000 -


25% - 2,000
TOTAL PRODUCED or OUTPUTS 165,000 165,000 159,000
COSTS TOTAL
BWIP $ 4,800 $ 500 $ 5,300
INCURRED DURING THE PERIOD $ 102,450 $ 31,300 $ 133,750
TOTAL $ 107,250 $ 31,800 $ 139,050
COST PER EQUIVALENT UNIT $ 0.65 $ 0.20 $ 0.85
VALUATION TOTAL
VALUE OF GOODS TRANSFER OUT (i.e. COMPLETED) $ 102,050 $ 31,400 $ 133,450
VALUE OF EWIP $ 5,200 $ 400 $ 5,600
$ 139,050

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


442 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
Exercise 9-11 (20 minutes)
Weighted-Average Method

1. Computation of equivalent units in ending inventory:


Materials Labor Overhead
Units in ending inventory .......... 3,000 3,000 3,000
Percent completed ................... 80% 60% 60%
Equivalent units of production ... 2,400 1,800 1,800

2. Cost of ending work in process inventory and units transferred out:


Materials Labor Overhead Total
Ending work in process inventory:
Equivalent units of
production ................. 2,400 1,800 1,800
Cost per equivalent unit $12.50 $3.20 $6.40
Cost of ending work in
process inventory ....... $30,000 $5,760 $11,520 $47,280
Units completed and transferred out:
Units transferred to the
next department ......... 25,000 25,000 25,000
Cost per equivalent unit $12.50 $3.20 $6.40
Cost of units completed
and transferred out ..... $312,500 $80,000 $160,000 $552,500

3. Cost reconciliation:
Total cost to be accounted for ........................... $599,780
Costs accounted for as follows:
Cost of ending work in process inventory ...... $ 47,280
Cost of units completed and transferred out .. 552,500
Total cost accounted for ............................... $599,780

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 443
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE METHOD PHYSICAL %
UNITS
BEGINNING WORK IN PROCESS (BWIP) ????
STARTED ????
TOTAL AVAILABLE or INPUTS -
MATERIALS LABOR OVERHEAD
EQUIVALENT UNIT
COMPLETED (i.e. TRANSFERRED OUT) 25,000 100% 25,000 25,000 25,000
ENDING WORK IN PROCESS (EWIP) 3,000 80% 2,400 - -
60% - 1,800 1,800
TOTAL PRODUCED or OUTPUTS 28,000 27,400 26,800 26,800
COSTS TOTAL
BWIP $ -
INCURRED DURING THE PERIOD $ -
TOTAL $ 599,780
COST PER EQUIVALENT UNIT $ 12.50 $ 3.20 $ 6.40 $ 22.10
VALUATION TOTAL
VALUE OF GOODS TRANSFER OUT (i.e. COMPLETED) $ 312,500 $ 80,000 $ 160,000 $ 552,500
VALUE OF EWIP $ 30,000 $ 5,760 $ 11,520 $ 47,280
$ 599,780

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


444 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
Exercise 9-12 (10 minutes)
Weighted-Average Method

Labor &
Materials Overhead
Pounds transferred to the Packing Department
during July* ...................................................... 375,000 375,000
Work in process, July 31:
Materials: 25,000 pounds × 100% complete ....... 25,000
Labor and overhead:
25,000 pounds × 60% complete...................... 15,000
Equivalent units of production .............................. 400,000 390,000
* 20,000 + 380,000 – 25,000 = 375,000

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 445
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE METHOD PHYSICAL UNITS %
BEGINNING WORK IN PROCESS (BWIP) 20,000
STARTED 380,000
TOTAL AVAILABLE or INPUTS 400,000

MATERIALS CONVERSION
EQUIVALENT UNIT
COMPLETED (i.e. TRANSFERRED OUT) 375,000 100% 375,000 375,000
ENDING WORK IN PROCESS (EWIP) 25,000 100% 25,000 -
60% - 15,000
TOTAL PRODUCED or OUTPUTS 400,000 400,000 390,000

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


446 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
Problem 9-13 (45 minutes)
Weighted-Average Method

1. Equivalent units of production:


Materials Conversion
Transferred to next department........................ 160,000 160,000
Ending work in process:
Materials: 40,000 units x 100% complete ....... 40,000
Conversion: 40,000 units x 25% complete ...... 10,000
Equivalent units of production .......................... 200,000 170,000

2. Cost per Equivalent Unit


Materials Conversion
Cost of beginning work in process ................ $ 25,200 $ 24,800
Cost added during the period ....................... 334,800 238,700
Total cost (a) .............................................. $360,000 $263,500
Equivalent units of production (b) ................ 200,000 170,000
Cost per equivalent unit, (a) ÷ (b) ............... $1.80 $1.55

3. Applying costs to units:


Materials Conversion Total
Ending work in process inventory:
Equivalent units of production 40,000 10,000
Cost per equivalent unit ....... $1.80 $1.55
Cost of ending work in process
inventory ........................... $72,000 $15,500 $87,500
Units completed and transferred out:
Units transferred to the next
department ....................... 160,000 160,000
Cost per equivalent unit ....... $1.80 $1.55
Cost of units completed and
transferred out................... $288,000 $248,000 $536,000

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 447
Problem 9-13 (continued)
4. Cost reconciliation:
Costs to be accounted for:
Cost of beginning work in process inventory
($25,200 + $24,800) .................................. $ 50,000
Costs added to production during the period
($334,800 + $238,700) .............................. 573,500
Total cost to be accounted for ....................... $623,500
Costs accounted for as follows:
Cost of ending work in process inventory ...... $ 87,500
Cost of units completed and transferred out .. 536,000
Total cost accounted for ............................... $623,500

WEIGHTED-AVERAGE METHOD PHYSICAL UNITS %

BEGINNING WORK IN PROCESS (BWIP) 20,000


STARTED 180,000
TOTAL AVAILABLE or INPUTS 200,000
PULPING CONVERSION
EQUIVALENT UNIT
COMPLETED (i.e. TRANSFERRED OUT) 160,000 100% 160,000 160,000

ENDING WORK IN PROCESS (EWIP) 40,000 100% 40,000 -


25% - 10,000
TOTAL PRODUCED or OUTPUTS 200,000 200,000 170,000
COSTS TOTAL
BWIP $ 25,200 $ 24,800 $ 50,000
INCURRED DURING THE PERIOD $ 334,800 $ 238,700 $573,500
TOTAL $ 360,000 $ 263,500 $623,500
COST PER EQUIVALENT UNIT $ 1.80 $ 1.55 $ 3.35
VALUATION TOTAL
VALUE OF GOODS TRANSFER OUT (i.e. COMPLETED) $ 288,000 $ 248,000 $536,000
VALUE OF EWIP $ 72,000 $ 15,500 $ 87,500
$623,500

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


448 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.
Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 449
Problem 9-14 (45 minutes)
Weighted-Average Method

1. Equivalent units of production


Materials Conversion
Transferred to next department* ...................... 95,000 95,000
Ending work in process:
Materials: 15,000 units x 60% complete ......... 9,000
Conversion: 15,000 units x 20% complete ...... 3,000
Equivalent units of production .......................... 104,000 98,000
*Units transferred to the next department = Units in beginning work in
process + Units started into production − Units in ending work in
process = 10,000 + 100,000 − 15,000 = 95,000

2. Cost per equivalent unit


Materials Conversion
Cost of beginning work in process ................ $ 1,500 $ 7,200
Cost added during the period ....................... 154,500 90,800
Total cost (a) .............................................. $156,000 $98,000
Equivalent units of production (b) ................ 104,000 98,000
Cost per equivalent unit, (a) ÷ (b) ............... $1.50 $1.00

3. Cost of ending work in process inventory and units transferred out


Materials Conversion Total
Ending work in process inventory:
Equivalent units of production... 9,000 3,000
Cost per equivalent unit ........... $1.50 $1.00
Cost of ending work in process
inventory ............................... $13,500 $3,000 $16,500
Units completed and transferred out:
Units transferred to the next
department ........................... 95,000 95,000
Cost per equivalent unit ........... $1.50 $1.00
Cost of units completed and
transferred out....................... $142,500 $95,000 $237,500

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


450 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
Problem 9-14 (continued)
4. Cost Reconciliation
Costs to be accounted for:
Cost of beginning work in process inventory
($1,500 + $7,200) ..................................... $ 8,700
Costs added to production during the period
($154,500 + $90,800) ................................ 245,300
Total cost to be accounted for....................... $254,000
Costs accounted for as follows:
Cost of ending work in process inventory ...... $ 16,500
Cost of units completed and transferred out .. 237,500
Total cost accounted for ............................... $254,000

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 451
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE METHOD PHYSICAL %
UNITS
BEGINNING WORK IN PROCESS (BWIP) 10,000
STARTED 100,000
TOTAL AVAILABLE or INPUTS 110,000
MATERIALS CONVERSION
EQUIVALENT UNIT
COMPLETED (i.e. TRANSFERRED OUT) 95,000 100% 95,000 95,000

ENDING WORK IN PROCESS (EWIP) 15,000 60% 9,000 -


20% - 3,000
TOTAL PRODUCED or OUTPUTS 110,000 104,000 98,000
COSTS TOTAL
BWIP $ 1,500 $ 7,200 $ 8,700
INCURRED DURING THE PERIOD $ 154,500 $ 90,800 $ 245,300
TOTAL $ 156,000 $ 98,000 $ 254,000
COST PER EQUIVALENT UNIT $ 1.50 $ 1.00 $ 2.50
VALUATION TOTAL
VALUE OF GOODS TRANSFER OUT (i.e. COMPLETED) $ 142,500 $ 95,000 $ 237,500
VALUE OF EWIP $ 13,500 $ 3,000 $ 16,500
$ 254,000

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


452 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
Problem 9-15 (60 minutes)
Weighted-Average Method

1. Computation of equivalent units in ending inventory:


Mixing Materials Conversion
Units transferred to the next department ........ 50.0 50.0 50.0
Ending work in process:
Mixing: 1 unit × 100% complete ................ 1.0
Materials: 1 unit × 80% complete .............. 0.8
Conversion: 1 unit × 70% complete ........... 0.7
Equivalent units of production ........................ 51.0 50.8 50.7

2. Costs per equivalent unit:


Mixing Materials Conversion
Cost of beginning work in process inventory .... $ 1,670 $ 90 $ 605
Cost added during the period ......................... 81,460 6,006 42,490
Total cost ...................................................... $83,130 $6,096 $43,095
Equivalent units of production ........................ 51.0 50.8 50.7
Cost per equivalent unit ................................. $1,630 $120 $850

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 453
Problem 9-15 (continued)
3. Costs of ending work in process inventory and units transferred out:
Mixing Materials Conversion Total
Ending work in process inventory:
Equivalent units of production .................... 1.0 0.8 0.7
Cost per equivalent unit............................. $1,630 $120 $850
Cost of ending work in process inventory.... $1,630 $96 $595 $2,321
Units completed and transferred out:
Units transferred to the next department .... 50.0 50.0 50.0
Cost per equivalent unit............................. $1,630 $120 $850
Cost of units transferred out ...................... $81,500 $6,000 $42,500 $130,000

4. Cost reconciliation:
Cost to be accounted for:
Cost of beginning work in process inventory
($1,670 + $90 + $605) .............................. $ 2,365
Cost added to production during the period
($81,460 + $6,006 + $42,490)................... 129,956
Total cost to be accounted for ...................... $132,321
Costs accounted for as follows:
Cost of ending work in process inventory ...... $ 2,321
Cost of units transferred out......................... 130,000
Total cost accounted for ............................... $132,321

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


454 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE METHOD PHYSICAL UNITS %
BEGINNING WORK IN PROCESS (BWIP) 1
STARTED 50
TOTAL AVAILABLE or INPUTS 51
MIXING MATERIALS CONVERSION
(TRANSFERRED IN)
EQUIVALENT UNIT
COMPLETED (i.e. TRANSFERRED OUT) 50 100% 50.0 50.0 50.0
ENDING WORK IN PROCESS (EWIP) 1 100% 1.0 - -
80% - 0.8
70% - - 0.7
TOTAL PRODUCED or OUTPUTS 51 51.0 50.8 50.7
COSTS TOTAL
BWIP $ 1,670 $ 90 $ 605 $ 2,365
INCURRED DURING THE PERIOD $ 81,460 $ 6,006 $ 42,490 $ 129,956
TOTAL $ 83,130 $ 6,096 $ 43,095 $ 132,321
COST PER EQUIVALENT UNIT $ 1,630 $ 120 $ 850 $ 2,600
VALUATION TOTAL
VALUE OF GOODS TRANSFER OUT $ 81,500 $ 6,000 $ 42,500 $ 130,000
(i.e. COMPLETED)
VALUE OF EWIP $ 1,630 $ 96 $ 595 $ 2,321
$ 132,321

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 455
Problem 9-16 (45 minutes)

Weighted-Average Method
1. Equivalent units of production
Materials Conversion
Transferred to next department........................ 190,000 190,000
Ending work in process:
Materials: 40,000 units x 75% complete ......... 30,000
Conversion: 40,000 units x 60% complete ...... 24,000
Equivalent units of production .......................... 220,000 214,000

2. Cost per equivalent unit


Materials Conversion
Cost of beginning work in process ................ $ 67,800 $ 30,200
Cost added during the period ....................... 579,000 248,000
Total cost (a) .............................................. $646,800 $278,200
Equivalent units of production (b) ................ 220,000 214,000
Cost per equivalent unit, (a) ÷ (b) ............... $2.94 $1.30

3. Total units transferred ................................. 190,000


Less units in the beginning inventory............ 30,000
Units started and completed during April ...... 160,000
Note: This answer assumes that the units in the beginning inventory are
completed before any other units are completed.

4. No, the manager should not be rewarded for good cost control. The
Mixing Department’s low unit cost for April occurred because the costs
of the prior month have been averaged in with April’s costs. This is a
major criticism of the weighted-average method. Costs computed for
product costing purposes should not be used to evaluate cost control or
to measure performance for the current period.

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


456 Managerial Accounting, Asia Global Edition
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE METHOD PHYSICAL UNITS %
BEGINNING WORK IN PROCESS (BWIP) 30,000
STARTED 200,000
TOTAL AVAILABLE or INPUTS 230,000
MATERIALS CONVERSION
EQUIVALENT UNIT
COMPLETED (i.e. TRANSFERRED OUT) 190,000 100% 190,000 190,000
ENDING WORK IN PROCESS (EWIP) 40,000 75% 30,000 -
60% - 24,000
TOTAL PRODUCED or OUTPUTS 230,000 220,000 214,000
COSTS TOTAL
BWIP $ 67,800 $ 30,200 $ 98,000
INCURRED DURING THE PERIOD $ 579,000 $ 248,000 $827,000
TOTAL $ 646,800 $ 278,200 $925,000
COST PER EQUIVALENT UNIT $ 2.94 $ 1.30 $ 4.24
VALUATION TOTAL
VALUE OF GOODS TRANSFER OUT (i.e. COMPLETED) $ 558,600 $ 247,000 $805,600
VALUE OF EWIP $ 88,200 $ 31,200 $119,400
$925,000

STARTED AND COMPLETED 160,000


( i.e. COMPLETED minus BWIP)
or ( STARTED minus EWIP)

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2015. All rights reserved.


Solutions Manual, Chapter 9 457
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FO OTNOTES:

[1] The Shawnees called the Ohio river Kiskepila Sepe, i. e.,
Eagle river.
[2] Simon Girty was often called the White Shawnee by the
Indians.
Transcriber’s Notes

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been maintained.
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for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, especially in
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