CHAPTER 6 : VECTOR

1. Given that ABCD is any quadrilateral where P, Q, R and S are the midpoints of AB,
BC, CD and DA respectively. Show that PQRS is a parallelogram. 16. OABC is a trapezium in which CB is parallel to O A
OA and three times its length.
2. If ABCD is any quadrilateral where AB + AD + CB + CD = 0, prove that ABCD is a E and F are midpoints of AC and OB respectively. E • F•
parallelogram. Prove that OAFE is a parallelogram.
C B
3. Given a triangle ABC where P, Q and R are the midpoints of BC, AC and AB 17. Given that the position vectors for A, B, C are a, b, and c respectively.
respectively. Show that AP + BQ + CR = 0. If c = 2 a + 3 b, show that A, B and C are collinear.
5 5
4. If P and Q are the midpoints of AB and DE respectively, show that 2QP = DA + EB.
18. A, B, C are three points with position vectors 2a + b – c, 7b – a + 5c and
5. If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, show that it is a parallelogram. a + 3b + c respectively. Show that A, B and C are collinear.

6. Given a quadrilateral where its diagonals AC and BD meet at the point E.

OPERATIONS ON VECTORS
If 2DE = EB and 2CE = EA, show that ABCD is a trapezium with AB = 2DC. 1. Simplify : (a) (a + b).b – (a + b).a (b) (a + b).c – (a – b).c
7. Prove that the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. 2. If a and b are perpendicular, simplify : (a) (a – b).b (b) (a – b).(2a + b)
8. Given a parallelogram ABCD. P and Q are two points on the diagonal AC such
3. Given that a and b are two non-zero vectors, and │a + b│=│a – b│. Show that a  b.
that AP = QC. Show that BQDP is a parallelogram.

9. Given a parallelogram ABCD and X is any point inside the parallelogram. 4. Prove that the diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other.

Prove that XA + XC = XB + XD. 2 2

5. If a and b are perpendicular, show that │a + b│= │a – b│= a  b .
10. Given a parallelogram PQRS where A lies on PQ such that PA : AQ = 2 : 1 and
B lies on SA such that SB : BA = 3 : 2. Show that P, B and R are collinear.
6. Given that (a + b) is perpendicular to a. If │b│= 2 │a│, show that (2a + b) is
11. Given a parallelogram ABCD where F is a point on AD such that AF : FD = 2 : 1, perpendicular to b.
and E is the midpoint of AB. If BF and CE meet at the point T, find CT : TE.
7. Given a triangle ABC where M is the midpoint of BC.
12. Given a triangle ABC where D, E and F are points on BC, CA and AB respectively. 2 2 2 2
Show that AB + AC = 2(AM + BM ).
If BD : BC = CE : CA = AF : AB, show that AD + BE + CF = 0.
8. Given that a = i + 2j + 3k, b = 2i – j + 4k and c = –i – 2k. Find
13. Given that OA = mOB + (1 – m)OC. Show that A, B and C are collinear. (a) a.b (b) b.c (c) a.b
(d) │a x b│ (e) │b x c│ (f) │c x a│
14. Given a parallelogram PQRS where X and Y are the midpoints of QR and RS
respectively. Show that 4(PX + PY) = 3(PQ + PR + PS).
2 2 2 2 2
1(a) b – a (b) 2b.c 2(a) –b (b) 2a – b
15. OABC is a parallelogram and M is the midpoint of OC. T lies on AM such
8(a) 12 (b) –10 (c) –7 (d) 150 (e) 5 (f) 21
that AT : TM = 2 : 1. Prove that O, T and B are collinear and find the ratio
in which T divides OB.

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VECTOR 3D (BASIC)
1. A, B and C are points with position vectors 2i – 3j + 4k, 3i + 2j – k and (b) the value of  such that OP is perpendicular to AB.
i + j – k respectively. Find the unit vectors parallel to
10. A, B and C are points with position vectors j – 2k, 3i – 2j + k and 2i – j + 3k
(a) AB (b) BC (c) CA respectively. P is a point on AB such that AP : PB =  : 1 – . Find

2. Determine whether the following points are collinear. (a) the position vector of P in terms of ,
(a) A(1, 6, –2), B(4, 0, 13), C(–1, 10, –12) (b) the value of  such that CP is perpendicular to AB.

(b) A(5, –1, 4), B(1, 3, –2), C(–1, 5, –5) 11. Find the area of triangle ABC, and the unit vector that is perpendicular to the
plane that contains A, B and C if the position vectors of the three points are
(c) A(3, 1, 2), B(1, –5, 4), C(5, 7, 8)
(a) 2i – 2j + 3k, 3i – j + 2k and i + j – k respectively,
3. A and B are points with position vectors 2i – 8j + 6k and –10i + 4j – 18k
respectively. P is a point on AB. Find the position vector of P if AP : PB is (b) i + 2j + 4k, 2i – 3j + 2k and 4i – 7j – k respectively,

(a) 1 : 2 (b) 3 : 1 (c) 1 : 5 (c) 2i –j + k, 3i – 2j – k and i – j + k respectively.

4. A, B and C are points with position vectors 3i – 3j + 4k, 2i – 2j + 2k and 12. A, B, C and D are points with position vectors 3j – 2k, 3i – j + k, i – 2j and
i + j – 2k respectively. Given that ABCD is a parallelogram. Find the i – j + 2k respectively. Find the unit vector that is perpendicular to the plane
that contains the points
(a) position vector of D, (a) A, B and C, (b) B, C and D, (c) A, C and D.
(b) position vector of the intersection point between the diagonals.
1 (a) 1 (i + 5j – 5k) (b) 1 (–2i – j) (c) 1 (i – 4j + 5k)
5. A, B and C are points with position vectors 4i – 9j – k, i + 3j + 5k and 51 5 42
pi – j + 3k respectively. 2 (a) collinear (b) collinear (c) not collinear
(a) Find the unit vector parallel to AB. 3 (a) (–2, –4, –2) (b) (–7, 1, –12) (c) (0, –9, 2)
(b) Find the value of p such that A, B and C are collinear points.
4 (a) 2i (b) 2i – j + k
(c) If p = –2, find the position vector of D such that ABCD is a parallelogram.
5 (a) 1 (–i + 4j + 2k) (b) 2 (c) i – 13j – 3k
6. Find the angle between the following vectors, 21
o o o o o o
(a) 4i – 3j – 2k and 2i + 3j + 4k (b) 4i + 2j – 2k and i + 3j + 5k 6 (a) 108.08 (b) 90 (c) 0 (d) 180 8. 114.84 ; 47.21

(c) 2i – 5j – 3k and 4i – 10j – 6k (d) 2i – j – k and –4i + 2j + 2k 9 (a) (1 + 3)i + (–2 + 3)j + (4 – 6)k (b) 1
2
7. Position vectors for points A and B are a and b, such that│a│=│b│.
10(a) 3i + (1 – 3)j + (–2 + 3)k (b) 1
Show that a + b is perpendicular to AB.
42 86
8. A, B and C are points with position vectors 2i – 2j + 3k, 3i – j + 2k and 11(a) 1 (–i + 5j + 4k) ; (b) 1 (7i – j + 6k) ;
42 2 86 2
i + j – k respectively. Evaluate ABC and BAC.
5
(c) 1 (–2j + k) ; 12(a) 1 (–7i + 3j + 11k)
9. A and B are points with position vectors i – 2j + 4k and 4i + j – 2k respectively. 5 2 179
P is a point on AB such that AP : PB =  : 1 – . Find 1
(b) (i – 4j + 2k) (c) 1 (12i + 2j – k)
(a) the position vector of P in terms of , 21 149

E6-2
LINES
1. Find the Cartesian equation of the following lines,
7. For each of the following, find the value of k if the line AB intersects CD at P.
(a) r = i – 2j – k + (3i + 2j – k) (b) r = i + 2j + 3k + (2i + j – 3k) State the coordinates of P.
(c) r = –2i – j + k + t(–i + 2j + 3k) (d) r = 2j + k + t(4i – 3k) (a) A(–2, k, –9), B(2, 1, 7), C(–2, –4, 4), D(7, 2, 1)
(b) A(4, 2, –1), B(–5, –4, 5), C(k, 6, 1), D(1, 2, 2)
2. Find the vector equation of the following lines,
y  3 z 1 y 1 z  3 y  2 z 1 x 1 = y  2 = z  3
(a) x  2 = = (b) x  4 = = 1(a) x  1 = = (b)
3 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 2 1 3

(c) x  2 = y 1 = z 1 (d) x = z 1 , y = 2
3. Find the equation of the line AB in Cartesian form for : 1 2 3 4 3

(a) A(0, 8, 4) and B(2, 4, 5) (b) A(2, 0, –2) and B(2, –4, 0) 2(a) r = 2i – 3j + k + (3i + 2j + k) (b) r = –4i – j + 3k + (–i – 2j + 3k)
y8 z4
= z2
(c) A(1, –2, 3) and B(–2, 1, –3) (d) A(–2, 3, 4) and B(2, 1, –2) y
3(a) x = = (b) x = 2,
2 4 1 4 2
y2 z3 y3 z4
y 1 z  3 (c) x  1 = (d) x  2 =
Given a line l with equation x  2 =
= =
4. = .Fine the vector equation of 1 1 2 2 1 3
2 1 1
the line which is parallel to l and passes through A(2, 1, 1). 4. r = 2i + j + k + (2i + j – k)
o o o
5(a) –7i – 7j + 4k, 25.24 (b) i + j + 3k, 37.57 (c) –2i – 2j + 3k, 25.35
5. Find the position vector of intersection point and the acute angle between
the following pairs of lines, 6(a) (0, 5, 2), 2 (b) (2, 1, 3), 3 2

(a) r = 2i – 4j + k + (3i + j – k) and r = –i – 4j – 2k + t(2i + j – 2k), 7(a) –11, (1, –2, 3) (b) 4, (–2, –2, 3)

(b) r = 3i + 2j + 4k + (2i + j + k) and r = –i + j + t(2i + 3k),

(c) x  1 = y = z  1 and x  1 = y  2 = z  2
3 2 2 3 4 1

6. For each of the following, find the distance of point P from the given line,
and the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from P to the line.
(a) P(1, 5, 1), r = 5j + 2k + (i – 2j + k)
(b) P(1, 0, –1), r = 3i + 4j + 2k + (i + 3j – k)

E6-3
PLANE 7. Find the position vector for the foot of the perpendicular from the point to
the plane given, and find the distance from the point to the plane.
1. Find the equation of the plane that contains the following points in the
vector form and in Cartesian form. (a) (4, 1, 4), r  (3i – j + k) = 4 (b) (9, –5, 2), r  (3i – 4j – k) = –7
(a) A(0, 1, 2), B(1, –2, 0), C(–2, 0, 1) (b) A(2, 1, 1), B(3, 2, 1), C(0, 0, 3) (c) (1, 3, 2), 2x + 2y – z = –3 (d) (2, 0, 1), 2x – y + 2z = 15
(c) A(1, 2, 0), B(1, 1, –3), C(4, –1, 3) (d) A(2, 2, 0), B(3, 4, 2), C(6, 0, –1) 8. Find the equation of the line of intersection between the planes in vector form.
2. Find the vector equation of the plane that passes through point A and (a) r  (i + j – 3k) = 6 and r  (2i – j + k) = 4
parallel to the given plane for each of the following.
(b) x – 2y + z = 3 and 3x + y – z = 4
Hence, evaluate the distance of origin from the obtained plane.
9. Find the equation of the following planes in vector form expressing using normal.
(a) A(1, 0, 2), r  (2i + 3j – k) = 3 (b) A(2, –1, 1), r  (i – 2j + 4k) = –1
(a) r = i – k + (–i + j + k) + (4j + 6k)
(c) A(4, 1, –2), r  (3i + 4j – 2k) = 0 (d) A(1, 2, 3), r  (2i – j + k) = 1
(b) r = i – j – 2k + (i + 2j – k) + (3i – 2k)
3. Find the vector equation of the plane that contains the given line and
parallel to the given vector for each of the following.
1 (a) r  (i + 5j – 7k) = –9 ; x + 5y – 7z = –9
(a) r = i – k + (–i + j + k), 4j + 6k (b) r = i – j – 2k + (i + 2j – k), 3i – 2k
(b) r  (2i – 2j + k) = 3 ; 2x – 2y + z = 3
4. Find the Cartesian equation of the plane that contains the given intersecting (c) r  (4i + 3j – k) = 10 ; 4x + 3y – z = 10
lines below, and state the distance of origin from the obtained plane.
(d) r  (2i + 9j – 10k) = 22 ; 2x + 9y – 10z = 22
(a) r = 2i + k + (i – 2j + k), r = 2i + k + (2i – j – k)
(b) r = 3i + 2j + 4k + (2i + j + k), r = –i + j + (2i + 3k) 2 (a) r  (2i + 3j – k) = 0 ; 0 (b) r  (i – 2j + 4k) = 8 ; 8
21
5. Find the position vector of the intersection point and the angle
between the line and the plane for each of the following. (c) r  (3i + 4j – 2k) = 20 ; 20 (d) r  (2i – j + k) = 3 ; 3
29 6
(a) r = i – 3j – k + (2i – j + 3k), r  (2i – j – 3k) = 8
3 (a) r  (i + 3j – 2k) = 3 (b) r  (4i + j + 6k) = –9
(b) r = j – k + (i + 2j – 2k), r  (i + j – k) = 7
4 (a) x + y + z = 3 ; 3 (b) –3x + 4y + 2z = 7 ; 7
(c) x  1 = y  1 = z , 3x – 2y + z = 5 29
1 3 5
o o
5 (a) i – 3j – k ; 16.60 (b) i + 3j – 3k ; 74.21
(d) x  2 = y  3 = z  1 , 2x + 3y + z = 0
1 2 2 (c) 2i – 2j – 5k ; 10.41
o
(d) –j + 3k ; 32.31
o

6. Find the acute angle between the following pair of planes. o o o

6 (a) 74.21 (b) 30.50 (c) 56.51
(a) r  (2i + 2j + k) = 8 and r  (i + j – 2k) = 3
7 (a) 11 , (1, 2, 3) (b) 2 26 , (3, 3, 4) (c) 3, (–1, 1, 3) (d) 3, (4, –1, 3)
(b) r  (i + 2j – 3k) = 2 and r  (2i + j – k) = 4
8(a) r = –9j – 5k + (2i + 7j + 3k) (b) r = –7j – 11k + (i + 4j + 7k)
(c) 2x – 3y + 4z = 1 and 3x + 2y – 4z = 5
9 (a) r  (i + 3j – 2k) = 3 (b) r  (4i + j + 6k) = –9

E6-4
VECTORS
1. If a = 2i + 4j – k and b = 3i – 2j + 4k, find │a x b│. [4](99)
9. A, B and C are three points where u = AB = i + j – 4k and v = AC = 5i – 4j – 2k.
o 2 2 2 2
2. Find the values of a if 3i + 2j and 2i + aj are at an angle of 45 to each other. [6](99) (a) Show that │u x v│ = │u│ │v│ – (u  v) . [5]

3. Given P(4, 2, –1) and Q(–1, 1, 3) are two points in space. (b) Find the area of the triangle ABC. [5]

(a) Find the Cartesian equation for the straight line l that passes through (c) If the coordinates of A is (0, 2, 6), find the equation of the plane
the points P and Q. [4] that passes through the points A, B and C. [5](01)

(b) The straight line l intersects the plane  : 3x + 4y – 5z = 10 at the point R. 10. The position vectors for the points A, B and C are
Find the coordinates of R. [3]
OA = i + mj + 2k, OB = –i + 2j – 2k and OC = 2i + nj + 3k,
(c) Find the acute angle between the straight line l and the plane . [3](99) where O is the origin, and m, n are constants.
(a) Find the values of m and n if BA x BC = 7i + 2j – 3k. [5]
4. Given three vectors u = 8i – 2j + 5k, v = 2i + 3j + k and w = –4i + j +  k.
(b) By using these values of m and n in (a), calculate sin ABC. [3]
(a) Calculate  if u and v are perpendicular. [2]
(c) Find the vector equation of the plane that contains A, B and C. [4](02)
(b) Calculate  if u is parallel to w. [3](99)
11. Given two vectors a = 2i + j + qk and b = qi – 2j + 2qk.
5. If the position vector of point A is a = i – 3j and the position vector for the
point B is b = 2i + 5j, find (a) Determine the values of q such that a and b have the same magnitude. [3]
(a) │AB│, (b) If q = 4, find the angle between the vectors b and 2a – b. [3]
(b) the position vector of point P that divides AB in the ratio 1 : 3. [6](00) (c) (i) Find the value of q if a x b = 8i – 4j – 6k. [3]

6. Given that a = 2i – j + 3k and b = i + 2j – k. Find the vector r and the scalar  (ii) With this value of q, determine the Cartesian equation of the plane
if a x r = b + a and a  r = 3. [Using a x (b x c) = (a  c)b – (a  b)c]. [8](00) passing through the point (1, 0, 2) and containing a and b. [3](03)

7. Given that p = 2i + 3j + 6k and q = i – j + 2k, find 12. A(6, 3, 3), B(3, 5, 1) and C(–1, 3, 5) are points in a three dimensional space.
(a) Show that BA is perpendicular BC. [6]
(a) the unit vector that is perpendicular to both p and q, [3]
(b) Find a unit vector that is perpendicular to the plane containing the points A, B, C.[6]
(b) the acute angle between p and q. [3](00)
(c) Find a Cartesian equation of the plane described in (b). [3](04)
8. P, Q and R are three points in space with coordinates (1, 2, 2), (2, 1, 2)
and (2, 2, 7) respectively and O is the origin. 13. If u, v and w are three nonzero vectors such that u + v + w = 0, show that
2 2 2
w  u  v
(a) Find the position vectors for P, Q and R. [2] uv = . [5](05)
2
(b) Express the equation of the line QR in the form r = u + v, where  is a constant.[2]
(c) Find the equation of the plane, which passes through P and is perpendicular
to OP, in the form r  n = , where  is a constant. [3](00)

E6-5
14. The position vectors of the points P, Q and R are given by
p = 4i + 3j + 11k, q = –2i + 8k and r = i + 2j respectively. (c) an equation of the plane containing P, Q and R, [4]
(a) Show that PQR is a right angle triangle and calculate its area. [6] (d) the parametric equations of the line passing through the point B(0, 1, 2)
and perpendicular to the plane in part (c). [3](08)
(b) Find an equation of the plane containing P, Q and R. [3]
(c) Find the parametric equations of the straight line passing through the 1. 23.94 2. a = 10 or –0.4
point (3, –5, 2) and perpendicular to the plane containing P, Q and R. [4](05)
y  2 z 1
3(a) x  4 = (b)  27 , 21 , 7 
o
= (c) 58.33 4(a)  = –2 (b)  = –
15. The vectors a, b and c are such that b x c = 3i and c x a = 2j + k, where i, j 5 1 4  13 13 13 
and k are unit vectors. Express (a + b) x (a + b + 4c) in terms of i, j and k. [6](06)
5
2
16. The points A(–2, 1, 2), B(5, –7, –3) and, C(3, 3, 1) lie on the plane 1.
The equation of a second plane 2, is given as 2x – y – 2z = 5. 5(a) 65 (b) 5 i – j 6. 1 (11i – 8j + 4k) ; 3
4 14 14
(a) Find the vectors AB and AC. [3] 1 (12i + 2j – 5k) o
7(a) (b) 50.09
173
(b) Determine the Cartesian equation of 1. [5]
8(a) i + 2j +2k , 2i + j + 2k , 2i + 2j + k (b) r = (2i + j + 2k) + (j – k) (c) 9
(c) Find the acute angle between 1 and 2, giving your answer in degree. [5](06)
9(b) 13.5 (c) r  (2i + 2j + k) = 10
17. The position vector p, q, r and s are given such that
10(a) m = 1, n = –1 (b) 62 (c) r  (7i + 2j – 3k) = 10
(s – p)  (q – r) = 0 and (s – q)  (r – p) = 0. 903

(a) Show that (s – r)  (p – q) = 0. [4] 11(a) ± 1

o
(b)77.40 , 102.6
o
(c) (i) 2 (ii) 4x – 2y – 3z = –2
2
(b) If p = 4i + 5j, q = 3i + 2j, r = –4i + j and s = xi + yj, find the values of x and y. [3](07)
12(a) 3i – 2j + 2k , –4i – 2j + 4k (b) – 17 (2i + 10j + 7k) (c) 2x + 10y + 7z = 63
51
18. Given that u = 3i + 3j – ak and v = bi + 2k.
If u x v = 6i – 2j + 12k, determine the values a and b. [4] 14.(a) 32.24 (b) r  (10i – 19j – k) = –28 (c) x = 3 – 30, y = –5 + 57, z = 2 + 3
o
Hence, determine 15. 12i – 8j – 4k 16(a) 18i – 18j + 54k (b) x – y + 3z = 3 (c) 72.45
(a) the direction angles of u, [4] 17(b) x = 5, y = –2
(b) the area of parallelogram with sides u and v, [2]
18. a = –1, b = 4 (a) cos  = 3 , cos  = 3 , cos  = 1 (b) 2 46 (c)
(c) the angle between u and v. [3](07) 19 19 19
o
40.80
19. If │u + v│= 5 and │u – v│= 1, find u  v. [6](08) 19. 6

20. Given that P(1, 3, 2), Q(3, –1, 6) and R(5, 2, 0) are points in a three 20(a) cos  = 1 , cos  = – 2 , cos  = 2 (b) not perpendicuar
3 3 3
dimensional space. Determine
(a) the direction cosines for the vector PQ, [4] (b) 12x + 20y + 14z = 63 (d) x = 12t, y = 1 + 20t, z = 2 + 14t

(b) whether PQ and PR are perpendicular vectors, [4]

E6-6