2020 3e Matrices
2020 3e Matrices
–1 –1
5. Given that A = 6 7 1 , B = 50 7 27 . Find AB, and deduce A and B .
1 0 0 1 0 2 4 2 9 40
6 21
1. Given that A = 2 1 0 , B = 0 1 1 . Find the determinant for the following
1 0 3 1 0 3
A book store have order STPM exam reference books in Biology, Physics and MUET.
matrices : The combined cost of 3 copies of Biology book and 5 copies of MUET book is RM 90.
Whereas the combine cost of 6 copies of Biology book, 7 copies of Physics book and
(a) A (b) B (c) AB (d) BA a copy of MUET book is RM 155. The combine cost of 4 copies of Biology book and
9 copies of MUET book is RM 125 more than the cost of 2 copies of Physics book.
2. Find the value / values of k for each of the following if the given matrices are singular : Denotes the cost of a copy of each book by RM x, RM y and RM z respectively, get a
linear equation system from the information given above.
0 k 1 1 k 2 3 1 3 Rewrite these equations into a matrix equation. Solve it to find out the cost of each book.
P = 1 0 1 , Q = 0 k 1 , R = 1 2k 1
0 2
2 1 1 1 0 3 k 1 1 1 24 8 8
–1 –1
6. Given that R = 10 5 3 , S = 45 15 13 . Find RS, and deduce R and S .
15 8 0 5 7 5
1 2 1 2 1 3 1 2 6 7 16 10
3. Given that A = 0 1 2 , B = 0 0 2 , C = 1 1 2 , D = 5 11 8 A cooperation give away cash prizes to the children of its members that achieved
0 1 0 0 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1
excellent results in the public examinations (PMR, SPM and STPM). The values of the
–1 –1
prizes differ for different examination, where total amount received by a PMR student
(a) Find AB. Hence state A and B . and a SPM student is equal to the amount received by a STPM student. At last year,
the total amount given to 10 PMR students, 5 SPM students and 3 STPM students is
Then, solve the following simultaneous equations :
RM 925, whereas in this year, the total amount given to 30 PMR students and 16 SPM
(i) x + 2y + z = 4 , y + 2z = –2 , y = 6 students is RM 1950. Denotes x, y and z as the amount given to a PMR, SPM and
STPM student respectively, get a linear equation system from the given information.
(ii) 2x – y – 3z = 10 , 2z = 4 , y – z = –6
Rewrite these equations into a matrix equation and solve it to find out the amount
–1 –1
(b) Find CD. Hence state C and D . given to a PMR, SPM and STPM student respectively.
Then, solve the following simultaneous equations: 2
7. For each of the following, find the values of m and n such that A + mA + nI = 0.
(i) x – 2y – 6z = 3, x + 2z = y, 2x – 3y – z = 6 3 –1
With this relation, express A and A in the form pA + qI.
(ii) 7x + 16y – 10z = 9, 5x + 11y – 8z = –6, x + y = z
1 2 1 2
(a) A = (b) A =
1 2 1 114 19 24 3 4 4 3
–1 –1
4. Given that P = 20 12 6 , Q = 114 19 14 . Find PQ, and deduce P and Q . 2
19 19 0 152 57 52 8. For each of the following, find the values of a and b such that P + aP + bI = 0.
4 –1
With this relation, express P and P in the form mP + nI.
Ali bought 3 types of card (A, B, C) with difference prices. The price of a copy of type B 2 1 3 2
card is the average price of a copy of type A and type C card. Ali bought 20 copies of (a) P = (b) P =
type A cards, 12 copies of type B cards and 6 copies of type C cards with a total price of 3 4 2 2
RM 18.10. Whereas 19 copies of type A cards and 19 copies of type B cards worth a
total of RM 17.10. Denotes the price of a copy of each card by RM x, RM y and RM z –1 2 2 3 2
9. Find X if AXA = B with A = and B = .
respectively, get a linear equation system from the information given above. 1 3 1 2
Rewrite these equations into a matrix equation. Solve it to find out the price of each card.
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–1 2 1 1 0 1 1 2
10. Find M if A MA = B with A = and B = . 2
3 2 0 2 20. Given that P = 1 2 1 . Find a matrix R for which R = P – 4P – I.
2 1 1
11. If A, P, D are non-singular matrices such that AP = PD, prove that –1
Show that PR + 4I = 0. Hence, deduce P .
3 3 –1 3 –1 3
A = PD P and D = P A P. 2 3 1
3 2
21. Given M = 1 0 4 , show that M – 3M + 8M – 24I = 0.
a b 1 1 1
12. Determine the values of a and b for which A = and A(I – A) = 0.
b a
–1
Deduce M .
2 3 x y
13. Matrices A and B are given as A = and B = , with x and y
1 2 3 5 1 7
1 1 1 1 –1
–1 22. Given that A = 2 3 1 and B = 1 7 5 . Find AB and deduce B .
are real numbers. Find a diagonal matrix D such that ADA = B. 3 1 2 7 5 1
1 1 1 Hence, solve y + 7z = 5x + 8, x + 7y = 5z – 16 and 7x + z = 5y + 14.
3 40
14. Given A = 2 0 1 , show that A = A. Hence evaluate A .
0 2 1 a b 0
23. Given M = c 0 0 with a, b, c . Determine the values of a, b and c for which
0 3
15. Verify that A = satisfy the equation A2 – A – 3I = 0. 0 0 b
1 1 T T
MM = I, with M and I are the transpose of M and identity 3 x 3 respectively.
3 4 4
Without evaluate A or A , show that A = 7A + 12I. mp np 3 p 2
24. Determine the values of m, n and p such that 2 p p p 3 is a
1 1 1 2 2
16. Given that X = and Y = . p m p m
a b 4 1
–1 symmetrical matrix. [6]
Determine the values of a and b for which X YX is diagonal.
4 0 3 1 3 1
a b d b
17. If M = with a + d = –1 and ad – bc = 1, show that M2 = . 25. Matrices A and B are given by A = 2 1 2 and B = 8 3 10 . Find
c d c a 4 0 3 2 3 2
2
Hence, deduce that M + M + I = 0. 2
(a) the matrix P such that P = A + B – 3I, where I is 3 x 3 identity matrix. [3]
1 2 4 (b) (A + 2I)P, and hence (A +2I) P.
15
[6]
18. Given that A = 4 3 8 . Find AB if B = A + 4I.
4 4 9
1 2 0
–1 3
Hence evaluate A . 26. If M = 1 0 2 , show that M = M.
1 1 1
1 4 0 1 3 4
19. Given that A = , B = and C = , a matrix, X such that AXB = C. 20
2 1 3 2 21 19 Hence, find M . [5]
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4 4 1 kx + y + z = 2 , 2x – z = 3 and x + y + 2z = k has no solution.
2
27. If A = 3 3 a and A = I, where I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix,
b c d 34. Find the value of k such that the system equations of
find the values of a, b, c and d. [5] x + y + z = 3 , x + 2y + 3z = 6 and x + 3y + kz = 4 + k
has infinite many solutions, and find these solutions.
1 0 1
35. By using the Gaussian elimination, solve the following system of linear equations.
28. Show that A = 0 1 3 is a non-singular matrix for all real values of k.
2 (a) x – 2y – 6z = 3 , x + 2z = y , 2x – 3y – z = 6
4 0 k 2
(b) 7x + 16y – 10z = 9 , 5x + 11y – 8z = –6 , x + y = z
2 1 1 (c) y + 7z = 5x + 8 , x + 7y = 5z – 16 , 7x + z = 5y + 14.
29. Show that A = 1 1 1 is not a singular matrix.
1 2 1 (d) x – 2y – z = –8 , 3x – y – 4z = –15 , y + 2z = 4.
(e) x + 2y + 3z = 12 , 2x + 3y + z = 7 , 3x + y + 2z = 5.
30. Find the inverse of the following matrices, using elementary row operations,
1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 4 1 1 2
36. Find the inverse of 1 2 1 using elementary row operations.
A = 2 1 0 , B = 0 1 1 , C = 4 3 8 , D = 1 2 1 2 2 3
1 0 3 1 0 3 4 4 9 2 1 1
Hence, solve the following simultaneous equations,
31. Reduced the following augmented matrices to row-echelon form, and determine x – z = 2 , x + 2y + z = 5 and 2x + 2y + 3z = 1.
whether this system of linear equations has a unique solution, infinitely many
solutions or no solutions. 2 1 2
Find the solution if exists. 37. Find the inverse of 1 1 3 using elementary row operations.
3 2 2
1 2 1 8 1 1 1 0
(a) 3 1 4 15 (b) 2 3 1 0 Hence, solve the following simultaneous equations,
0 1 2 4 5 7 1 0
2x + y – 2z = 3 , –2x + 2y – 6z = –14 and –3x – 2y + 2z = –5..
4 2 4 2 4 4 3 5
3 1 2
(c) 2 1 4 4 (d) 1 2 1 3
6 3 38. Find the inverse of 2 4 1 using elementary row operations.
0 3 2 1 5
12 1 2 1
2 1 1 2 1 2 3 3
Hence, solve the following simultaneous equations,
(e) 8 3 5 4 (f) 2 3 8 4
3 1 2 2 3 2 17 1
3x – y + 2z = 25 , 2x – 4y – z = 14 and x – 2y – z = 5..
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1(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 3 2. 1 ; 0 ; – 4 or 3
3 2
4 4 12 18 0 0
2 0 0 2 1 3 1 2 1 21. 1
5 1 9 22. 0 18 0 ; (1,–1,2)
24
3(a) 0 2 0 , 1 0 0 2 , 1 0 1 2 (i) –4, 6, –4 (ii)6, –4, 2 0 0 18
2 2 1 5 3
0 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0
23. (0,1,1), (0,–1,1), (0,1,–1), (0,–1,–1)
3 0 0 7 16 10 1 2 6
1 24. p = 2, n = 0, m = –3 or p = 1, n = 1, m = –3
(b) 0 3 0 , 5 11 8 , 1 1 1 2 (i) –13, –11, 1 (ii) 7, 5, 12
0 0 3 3 1 1 3
1 2 3 1 2 3 4
2 3 4 2 3 4
25(a) 6 1 8 (b) 6 1 8 ; 6 1 8
190 0 0 114 19 24 1 2 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4
1 1
4. 0 190 0 , 114 19 14 , 20 12 6 ; 0.35, 0.55, 0.75
0 190 190
0 190 152 57 52
19 19 0
1 2 4
26. 1 0 2 27. a = –1, b = –3, c = –4, d = 0
5 0 0 65 10 35 3 0 5 1 1 3
1
5. 0 5 0 , – 50 1
7 27 , – 6 7 1 ; 15, 8, 9
0 0 5 5 40 5
6 21 4 2 9
3 0 0
3 0 2
5 2 4
1 1 3
1 1 1
30. 6 3 0 ; 1 1 1 ; – 4 7 8 ; – 1 3 1
3 1 0 1 3 4 4 5 4 3 1 1
16 0 0 24 8 8 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
6. 0 16 0 , 45 15 13 , 10 5 3 ; 25, 75, 100
0 0 16 16 5 7 5 16 15 8 0 31(a) unique solution (–3, 2, 1) (b) infinite many solutions (4t, –3t, t)
(c) no solution (d) unique solution (–2, –1, 3)
7(a) 3, –10 ; 19A – 30I ; 1 (A + 3I) (b) 2, –11 ; 15A – 22I ; 1 (A + 2I)
10 11 (e) no solution (f) infinite many solutions (–1 – 7t, 2 + 2t, t)
8(a) –6, 5 ; 156P – 155I ; 1 (6I – P) (b) 1, –2 ; 6I – 5P ; 1 (P + I) 32. k = 13 ; (4t – 3, 4 – 3t, t) 33. k = 3 34. k = 5 ; (t , 3 – 2t, t)
5 2
35(a) (–13, –11, 1) (b) (7, 5, 12) (c) (1, –1, 2)
2 1 10 2
9. 10. 1 12. (0, 0), (1, 0), 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 (d) (–3, 2, 1) (e) (–1, 2, 3)
2 1 7 6 11 2 2 2 2
4 2 2 4 2 1
1 1 1 36. 1 5 2 ; x = 0, y = 7 , z = –2
1 1
37. 11 2 8 ; x = 3, y = –1, z = 1
3 0 6 2 7
13. 14. 2 0 1 16. (2,–1) , (–1,2)
2 2 2 5 1 3
0 2 4 2 3
2 5 9
3 0 0 5 2 4 1 1 3 38. 1 1 5 7 ; x = 5, y = –2, z = 4
2 3 5
1
18. 0 3 0 ; – 4 7 8 19. 20. 1 3 1
0 5 10
0 0 3 3 4 4 5 1 1 3 1 1
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CHAPTER 3 : MATRICES (STPM PAST YEARS)
2b 1 a 2 b2
1. Determine the values of a, b and c so that matrix 2a 1 a bc
5. The matrices P and Q, where PQ = QP, are given by
b b c 2c 1
2 2 0 1 1 0
is a symmetric matrix. [5](02)
P = 0 0 2 , Q = 0 0 1 .
a b c 0 2 2
10 4 9 2 3 4
2. Matrices M and N are given as M = 15 4 14 , N = 4 3 1 . Determine the values of a, b and c. [5]
5 1 6 1 2 4
Find the real numbers m and n for which P = mQ + nI, where I is the
–1
Find MN and deduce N . [4] 3 x 3 identity matrix. [5](04)
–1 –1
Products X, Y and Z are assembled from three components A, B and C 6. A, B and C are square matrices such that BA = B and ABC = (AB) .
according to different proportions. Each product of X consists of two components –1 2
Show that A = B = C. [3]
of A, four components of B, and one component of C; each product of Y consists
of three components of A, three components of B, and two components of C; 1 2 0
and each product of Z consists of four components of A, one component of B,
If B = 0 1 0 , find C and A. [7](05)
and four components of C. A total of 750 components of A, 1000 components 1 0 1
of B, and 500 components of C are used.
With x, y and z representing the number of products of X, Y and Z assembled,
obtain a matrix equation representing the information given. [4] 7. Determine the values of k such that the determinant of the matrix
Hence, find the number of the products of X, Y and Z assembled. [4](02) k 1 3
2k 1 3 2 is 0. [4](06)
1 2 3
0 k k
3. The matrix A is given by A = 3 1 1 .
0 1 2
5 2 3 a 1 18
2
(a) Find the matrix B such that B = A – 10I, where I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix. [3] 8. If P = 1 4 3 , Q = b 1 12 and PQ = 2I, where I is the 3 x 3
21
(b) Find (A + I)B, and hence find (A + I) B. [6](03)
3 1
2 13 1 c
–1
identity matrix, determine the values of a, b and c. Hence, find P . [8]
3 3 4 Two groups of workers have their drinks at a stall. The first group comprising
–1 ten workers have five cups of tea, two cups of coffee and three glasses of fruit
4. Matrix A is given by A = 5 4 1 . Find A using elementary row operations. [6](04)
1 2 3 juice at a total cost of RM 11.80. The second group of six workers have three
cups of tea, a cup of coffee and two glasses of fruit juice at a total cost of
RM 7.10. The cost of a cup of tea and three glasses of fruit juice is the same
as the cost of four cups of coffee. If the cost of a cup of tea, a cup of coffee
and a glass of fruit juice are RM x, RM y and RM z respectively, obtain a
matrix equation to represent the above information.
Hence, determine the cost of each drink. [6](06)
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1 2 1 35 19 18
9. The matrices A and B are given by A = 3 1 4 , B = 27 13 45 .
0 1 2 3 12 5 If x, y and z represent the time, in minutes, taken to assemble each unit of toys
Q, R and S respectively,
2
Find the matrix A B and deduce the inverse of A. [5] (i) write a system of linear equations to represent the above information, [2]
Hence, solve the system of linear equations, (ii) using the result in (a), determine the time taken to assemble each
type of toy. [5](10)
x – 2y – z = –8, 3x – y – 4z = –15, y + 2z = 4. [5](07)
5 0 0 10 4 9
1 0 0
1. a = 1, b = 0, c = 0 2. 0 5 0 ; 1 15 4 14 ; 200, 50, 50
10. Matrix A is given by A = 1 1 0 . 0 0 5 5 5
1 2 1 1 6
2 –1 3 1 5 3 1 5 3 1 5 10 1 13
(a) Show that A = I, where I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix, and deduce A . [4]
3. (a) 6 2 10 (b) 6 2 10 ; 6 2 10 4. 1 14 5 17
3 1 5 3 1 5 3 1 5 12
1 4 3 6 3 3
(b) Find matrix B which satisfies BA = 0 2 1 . [4](08)
1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0
5. a = 0, b = 4, c = –4 ; m = –2, n = 0 6. 0 1 0 ; 0 1 0 7. 0 or 2
2 2 1 2 2 1
11. The matrices P, Q and R are given by
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1 2 6
2 3
19. The variables x, y and z satisfy the system of linear equations
13. Given that A = 3 2 9 . Find A and A . [2]
2 0 3 2x + y + 2z = 1 ,
4x + 2y + z = k ,
100
Hence, find A . [2](09) 2
8x + 4y + 7z = k , where k is a real constant.
2 1 3 (a) Write a matrix equation for the system of linear equations. [1]
14. Given that A = 3 2 3 . Find the values of such that |A – I| = 0. [4](12) (b) Reduce the augmented matrix to row-echelon form, and show that the system
1 1 2
of linear equations does not have a unique solution. [6]
(c) Determine all the values of k for which the system of linear equations has
1 x 1 infinitely many solutions, and find the solutions in the case when k is positive. [6]
2 –1
15. Matrix A is given by A = 1 1 0 and A = A . Determine the value of x. [7](12)
(d) Find the set of values of k for which the system of linear equations is inconsistent.[2](15)
1 0 0
1 1 2
16. A system of linear equations is given by 20. A matrix P is given by P = 0 2 2 .
1 1 3
x + y + z = k, x – y + z = 0, 4x + 2y + z = 3,
1 1 1 k 2
(a) Find P – 6P + 11I.
[3]
where and k are real numbers. 0 2 0 k
2
Show that the augmented matrix for (b) Show that P(P – 6P + 11I) = 6I, where I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix,
0 0 4 3 3k –1
the system may be reduced to [5] and deduce P . [5](16)
Hence, determine the values of and k so that the system of linear equations has
5 6 6 1 2 6 5 6 6
(a) a unique solution, [1]
13. 9 10 9 ; 3 2 9 ; 9 10 9 14. –1, 1, 2
(b) infinitely many solutions, [1] 4 4 3 2 0 3 4 4 3
(c) no solution. [1](13) 15. 2 16(a) ≠ 4 (b) = 4 , k = 1 (c) = 4 , k ≠ 1
5 0 2 0 2 1
17. A matrix P is given by P = 0 2 1 . 17. 0.25 3 1.25 18. –3(a – b)(b – c)(c – a)
1 4 2 0.5 5 2.5
By using elementary row operations, find the inverse of P. [5](14) 2 1 2 x 1 2 1 1
2
19(a) 4 2 1 y = k (b) 0 0 3 k2
1 a bc 1 b ca
8 4 7 2
z k 0 0 0 3k 2 k 10
18. The matrices M and N are given by M = 1 b ca , N = 1 a bc .
1 c ab 3 3c 3ab
(c) – 5 , 2 ; x = t, y = 1 – 2t, z = 0 where t (d) {k │k , k ≠ – 5 and k ≠ 2}
3 3
Show that det M = (a – b)(b – c)(c – a). [4]
1
3 6 3
2 1
1 5 10
Deduce det N. [2](15)
20(a) 2 6 10 (b) 31 5
31
4 4 9 6
1
31 1
3 3
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5 6 18 1 2 6
21. Matrices P and Q are given by P = 12 1 9 and Q = 4 1 3 respectively.
0 6 1 0 2 1 21. m = 3, n = –2
Find integers m and n such that P = mQ + nI, where I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix.[5](17) 1 2 1 q
22(a) 2 p 4 3q (b) (i) p ≠ 2, 3 and q (ii) p = 2, 3 and q ≠ 0
22. A system of linear equations is given by 1 1 p q
x + 2y + z = q , 2x + py + 4z = 3q , x + y + pz = q,
(c) p = 2, 3 and q = 0 ; z = t , y = t , x = –3t
where p and q are constants.
1 2 3
(a) Write the augmented matrix for the system above and reduce it to
row-echelon form. [5] 23. 1 1 2 ; x = 1 , y = –1 , z = 2
2 4 5
(b) Determine the values of p and q such that the system has
(c) Determine the values of p and q such that the system has infinitely many
solutions. Using the value of q and the smaller value of p obtained, find
the solutions of the system. [5](17)
3 2 1
23. The matrix A is given A = 1 1 1
2 0 1
By performing elementary row operations on the augmented matrix (A|I),
–1
where I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix, find A . [6]
3 2 1 x 7
Hence, solve the equation 1 1 1 y = 2 [3](18)
2 0 1 z 4
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