A TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT ON

HOME NETWORKING

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
By

A.Venkata Sai (21R91A0406)

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(UGC-Autonomous)

(Sponsored by TKR Educational Society, Approved by AICTE)

MEDBOWLI, MEERPET, SAROORNAGAR, HYDERABAD – 500 097.

(2021-2025)
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(UGC-Autonomous)

(Sponsored by TKR Educational Society, Approved by AICTE)

MEDBOWLI, MEERPET, SAROORNAGAR, HYDERABAD – 500 097.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the technical seminar report entitled
“HOME NETWORKING”is bonafide work done by

A.Venkata Sai (21R91A0406) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the Award of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS

AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING by
J.N.T.U.H during the Academic year 2024-2025.

Technical Seminar held on:

COORDINATOR H.O.D

Mrs. K. SHRAVANI Dr.SK.UMARFARUK

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success of this technical report would not have been possible
without the constant encouragement, dedication, advice and support
from the vast number of people. My sincere and heartfelt thanks go
to all of them. First, I would like to thank my technical seminar
coordinator Mrs. K. SHRAVANI, Assistant Professor in Department
of E.C.E, for his valuable guidance and suggestions in analyzing and
testing throughout the period, till the end of this work completion.

Also, I would like to express my special thanks to Dr. SK. UMAR

FARUK Professor, Head of the Department in Electronics &
Communication Engineering during the progress of the technical
report work, for his timely suggestions and help inspite of his busy
schedule.

My acknowledgements extended to Sri Dr. K VENKATA MURALI

MOHAN, Principal of TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY
ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Hyderabad for his consistent help and
encouragement to complete the technical report work.

I am very much thankful to TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY

EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY on behalf of our beloved Chairman Sri
TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY for their help in providing good
facilities in our college.
 Index
Contents PAGE NO

Abstract 1

List of figures 2

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 3

1.1 History of Home Networking 3-4

1.2 Different types of Home Networking 5-6

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 7

CHAPTER 3 HOME NETWORKING COMPONENTS 8

3.1 WIFI 8

3.2 Bluetooth 9

3.3 Computer 9-10

3.4 Telephone 10

3.5 Laptop 11

3.6 Loudspeaker 11-12

CHAPTER 4 ADVANTAGES 13

CHAPTER 5 DRAWBACKS 14

CHAPTER 6 APPLICARIONS 15
CHAPTER 7 FUTURE SCOPE AND CONCLUSION 16

CHAPTER 8 REFERENCE 17
HOME NETWORKING

ABSTRACT

Home Networking :

Home networking is one of the essentials of modern living, creating a

seamless connection among devices and applications. As smart home
devices, high-speed internet, and cloud-based services progress, home
networks have moved from the simple setup to complex systems
requiring robust design, security, and scalable solutions.Home networks
are often made up of a mix of wired and wireless elements such as
routers, switches, access points, and devices like computers, smartphones,
IoT-enabled devices, and multimedia systems. Advances in technologies
like Wi-Fi 6, mesh networking, and gigabit broadband have greatly
improved the speed, coverage, and reliability of home networks. These
developments bring, however, added complexity in configuration,
maintenance, and security.

One of the main challenges in home networking is security

and privacy, with cyberattacks continually on the rise and targeting
unsuspecting home users. Smart devices are mostly without strong
security features which attract hackers and data breach.

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HOME NETWORKING

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure TITLE PG NO
3.1 Wifi 8
3.2 Bluetooth 9

3.3 Computer 9-10

3.4 Telephone 10
3.5 Laptop 11
3.6 Loudspeaker 11-12

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HOME NETWORKING

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Home networking refers to the process of connecting multiple
devices within a household to enable communication, sharing of
resources, and access to the internet. It forms the backbone of a connected
home, allowing devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets, smart
TVs, printers, and IoT (Internet of Things) devices to interact seamlessly.

Key Components of a Home Network:

1.Router: Acts as the central hub, directing data between devices and
providing internet access.
2.Modem: Connects the home network to the internet via the service
provider.
3.Switches: Expand the network by adding more wired connection points.
4.Access Points: Extend the wireless coverage of the network.
5.Devices: Include computers, smartphones, gaming consoles, and smart
home devices

1.1 HISTORY OF HOME NETWORKING

The history of home networking is closely tied to the evolution of

personal computing, the internet, and communication technologies.
Here’s an overview of its development over time:

1. Early Days (1970s-1980s): The Foundation

• Emergence of Personal Computers (PCs): During the late 1970s and

early 1980s, personal computers like the Apple II became popular, but
they operated as standalone devices with no connectivity.

• Introduction of Local Area Networks (LANs): In the 1980s, Ethernet

and LAN technologies were developed, primarily for businesses to
connect multiple computers. However, home networks were still
uncommon due to cost and complexity.

2. The Rise of Home Networking (1990s)

• Spread of the Internet: With the World Wide Web’s introduction in the
early 1990s, the demand for internet connectivity grew rapidly.

• Birth of Wired Home Networking: In the mid-1990s, technologies like

Ethernet became affordable for home users, enabling basic wired
networks. Networking two or more computers often involved physical
cables.

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HOME NETWORKING

• Transition from Dial-Up to Broadband: The late 1990s saw the

introduction of broadband (DSL and cable internet), which offered faster
speeds and more reliable connectivity, facilitating more robust home
networks.

3. Wireless Revolution (2000s)

• Wi-Fi Introduction: The IEEE 802.11 standard (Wi-Fi) was developed

in the late 1990s and gained widespread adoption in the 2000s. This
marked a shift to wireless networking, eliminating the need for cables.

• Router Integration: By the early 2000s, wireless routers became

standard, combining a modem, router, and Wi-Fi access point in a single
device.

• Growing Number of Devices: The proliferation of laptops, smartphones,

and game consoles created a need for more flexible home networks.

4. Smart Home Era (2010s-Present)

• IoT and Smart Devices: The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT)
brought a new wave of smart home devices like thermostats, cameras,
voice assistants (e.g., Alexa, Google Assistant), and smart lighting
systems.

• Gigabit Internet and Fiber: Faster internet speeds with fiber-optic

connections allowed for high-bandwidth activities like streaming 4K
video, gaming, and remote work.

• Cloud Integration: Home networking became closely tied to cloud

services, enabling remote access and control of home devices from
anywhere.

5. Future Trends

• Wi-Fi 6 and Beyond: New wireless standards (e.g., Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi
7) offer faster speeds, greater capacity, and better efficiency for homes
with numerous devices.

• 5G Integration: The adoption of 5G for home broadband is emerging as

a viable alternative to traditional wired internet.

• AI and Automation: Artificial intelligence is being integrated into home

networks to optimize performance, manage devices, and enhance
security.

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HOME NETWORKING

1.2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HOME NETWORKING

Home networking can be classified into several types based on the

technology used to connect devices and the structure of the network. Here
are the main types of home networking:

1. Wired Networking

In a wired network, devices are physically connected using cables,

typically Ethernet cables.
• Key Features:
• Reliable and stable connection.
• High speeds suitable for activities like gaming and video streaming.
• Common Use Cases:
• For stationary devices like desktop computers, gaming consoles.

2. Wireless Networking (Wi-Fi)

Wireless networking uses radio signals to connect devices to the network

without cables.
• Key Features:
• Flexible and allows devices to connect without physical
connections.
• Easy to set up and widely used for mobile devices.
• Common Use Cases:
• Smartphones, tablets, laptops, and IoT devices.

3. Mesh Networking

Mesh networks consist of multiple interconnected nodes that provide

seamless Wi-Fi coverage.
• Key Features:
• Eliminates dead zones by creating a unified wireless network.
•Automatic routing of data through the best node for optimal performance.
•Common Use Cases:
•Large homes or multi-story houses where a single router cannot provide
sufficient coverage.

4. Hybrid Networking

Combines wired and wireless technologies for flexibility and

performance.
• Key Features:
• Wired connections for stationary devices.
• Wireless connections for mobile devices.
• Common Use Cases:
• Homes with a mix of high-performance needs (e.g., gaming) and
mobile device usage.

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HOME NETWORKING

5. Powerline Networking

Powerline networking uses existing electrical wiring in a home to

transmit network data.
• Key Features:
• A good alternative for extending wired connections without
running Ethernet cables.
• Performance depends on the quality of electrical wiring.
• Common Use Cases:
• Extending network connectivity to distant parts of the house
without Wi-Fi.
• Examples:
• Powerline adapters (e.g., TP-Link Powerline kits).

6. Cellular Networking

Uses 4G LTE or 5G cellular networks to provide internet connectivity.

• Key Features:
• Does not rely on traditional broadband infrastructure.
• Portable and can be used in remote locations.
• Common Use Cases:
• Homes without access to broadband or as a backup connection.
• Examples:
• 4G/5G home routers, hotspots.

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HOME NETWORKING

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

Literature Survey on Home Networking

Home networking refers to the interconnection of digital devices within a

household to share data, resources, and internet access. With the growing
adoption of smart home technologies, the scope of home networking has
expanded significantly. This literature survey explores key areas in home
networking, highlighting advances, challenges, and future trends.

Which includes home appliances, home

environment, home safety, home energy, and other domestic features,
remotely or by the means of local networking, and it is gaining popularity
at a very rapid rate today as it offers numerous benefits to its users such
as time saving, cost saving, decreased stress, better immunity, better self-
productivity and self-efficiency. Home automation can be efficiently
achieved by the Internet of Things, which is a framework wherein
physical objects are interconnected via the Internet to form a dynamic
network infrastructure. Due to its synergistic and minimal effort nature,
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) brings noteworthy favourable
circumstances over conventional communication techniques utilized as a
part of the present IOT framework.

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HOME NETWORKING

CHAPTER 3
HOME NETWORKING COMPONENTS

Home networking can be classified into several types based on the

technology used to
connect devices and the structure of the network. Here are the main types
of home networking:

3.1 WIFI :

Wi-Fi is a family of wireless network protocols based on the lEEE 802.11

family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking
of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to
exchange data by radio waves. These are the most widely used computer
networks, used globally in home and small office networks to link devices
and to provide Internet access with wireless routers and wireless access
points in public places such as coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, libraries,
and airports.

Fig 3.1 : wifi router

Wifi was introduced in year of 1997 21 september Compatible hardware

Personal computers, gaming consoles, smart devices, televisions, printers,
security cameras
Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance, which restricts the use of the
term "Wi-Fi Certified" to
products that successfully complete interoperability certification testing.
3114115 Non-compliant hardware is simply referred to as WLAN, and it
may

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HOME NETWORKING

3.2 BLUETOOTH :

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for

exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances
and building personal area networks (PANs). In the most widely used
mode, transmission power is limited to 2.5 milliwatts, giving it a very
short range of up to 10 metres (33 ft). It employs UHF radio waves in the
ISM bands, from 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz. 131 It is mainly used as an
alternative to wired connections to exchange files between nearby
portable devices and connect cell phones and music players with wireless
headphones.bluetooth was introduced in 7 may 1998.

Fig 3.2 : Bluetooth

3.3 COMPUTER :
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry
out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation). Modern
digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known
as programs. These programs enable computers to perform a wide range
of tasks.The term computer system may refer to a nominally complete
computer that includes the hardware, operating system, software, and
peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation; or to a group of
computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer
network or computer cluster.

Fig 3.3: personal computer

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HOME NETWORKING

Fig 3.3: office computer

Early computers were meant to be used only for calculations. Simple

manual instruments like the abacus have aided people in doing
calculations since ancient times. Early in the Industrial Revolution, some
mechanical devices were built to automate long, tedious tasks, such as
guiding patterns for looms. More sophisticated electrical machines did
specialized analog calculations in the early 20th century.

3.4 TELEPHONE :
A telephone, colloquially referred to as a phone, is a telecommunications
device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when
they are too far apart to be easily heard directly. A telephone converts
sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into electronic
signals that are transmitted via cables and other communication channels
to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user.
The term is derived from Ancient Greek: TAs, romanized: tēle, lit. 'far'
and wvn (phone, voice), together meaning distant voice.

Fig 3.4 : Telephone

In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be granted a United

States patent for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of
the human voice at a second device. 2, This instrument was further
developed by many others, and became rapidly indispensable in business,
government, and in households.

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HOME NETWORKING

3.5 Laptop :
The word laptop, modeled after the term desktop (as in desktop
computer), refers to the fact that the computer can be practically placed
on the user's lap; while the word notebook refers to most laptops sharing a
form factor with paper notebooks. As of 2024, in American English, the
terms laptop and notebook are used interchangeably; 31 in other dialects
of English, one or the other may be preferred 141 The term notebook
originally referred to a type of portable computer

Fig 3.5: Laptop

3.6 LOUDSPEAKER :

A loudspeaker (commonly referred to as a speaker or,

more fully, a speaker system) is a combination of one or more speaker
drivers, an enclosure, and electrical connections (possibly including a
crossover network). The speaker driver is an electroacoustic
transducerl1]:597 that converts an electrical audio signal into a
corresponding sound.

Hi-fi speaker system for home use with three types of dynamic drivers

1. Mid-range driver
2. Tweeter
3. Woofers

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HOME NETWORKING

Fig 3.6 : Loudspeaker

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HOME NETWORKING

CHAPTER 4

ADVANTAGES

Connectivity :
A home network allows multiple devices to connect to the internet at the
same time, and you can use Wi-Fi to access the internet wirelessly.
Security
Home networks can enhance security measures to protect your devices
and personal data. Wired connections are more secure than wireless
connections because they are harder to intercept.
Sharing
You can share resources like photos, music, and documents between
devices on your home network.You can also save copies of important
data on another computer.
Collaboration
A home network can enhance collaboration and provide an integrated
digital lifestyle experience.
Faster internet
A home network can provide a faster and more reliable internet
connection.

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HOME NETWORKING

CHAPTER 5
DRAWBACKS

Security :
Home networks may not offer adequate protection against viruses, Trojan
horses, and hacker intrusions.
Intermittent connectivity :
A home network connection may drop frequently or randomly due to a
number of reasons, including a damaged or loose network cable, a weak
or unstable wireless signal, or an overloaded router.
Bandwidth limitations :
When multiple users or applications share the same network resources,
limited bandwidth can lead to slow data transfer rates and latency issues.
Installation problems :
Wireless networks can experience interference from other wireless
technology in the same building or from other sources of electromagnetic
interference.
Wired network disadvantages :
Wired networks can be inconvenient due to the cables involved, and the
cables can be accidentally disconnected.
Wireless network disadvantages :
Wireless connections can be less reliable than wired connections due to
signal degradation from distance, interference, and obstacles.

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HOME NETWORKING

CHAPTER 6
APPLICATION

• Sharing internet connection: A home network allows multiple devices

to share a broadband internet connection at the same time.

• Sharing files and media: Home networks allow users to share files and
media between devices.

• Sharing equipment: Home networks allow users to share equipment

like printers and scanners.

• Remote access: Authorized users can access a computer or network

from a distance through a network connection.

• Energy monitoring: A home area network (HAN) can monitor energy

usage by connecting to the utility's electric meter.

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HOME NETWORKING

CHAPTER 7

FUTURE SCOPE AND CONCLUSION

FUTURE SCOPE:

The future of home networking is poised for significant advancements as

technology continues to evolve, driven by the growing demand for faster,
more secure, and smarter networks.

CONCLUSION:

The future of home networking lies in smarter, faster, and more secure

systems that adapt to the growing demands of connected living. With

advancements in AI, IoT, and wireless technologies, home networks will

evolve to support seamless communication, entertainment, and

automation.

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HOME NETWORKING

CHAPTER 8

REFERENCE

Online Resources

1. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org

2. https://dl.acm.org

3 https://www.netacad.com

4.https://www.techtarget.com

5. https://www.wi-fi.org

6.https://www.ietf.org

7.https://www.csa-iot.org

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WIRELESS FIDELITY

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