Class-XIth Math Support Material

CHAPTER - 1
SETS AND FUNCTIONS
KEY POINTS
 Definition of Set : Set is well defined collection of objects.
 Objects in Set are called elements of Set.
 Elements are said to be ‘belong to’ set.
Example: A = {a, b, c, d} is a Set and a, b, c, d are element of
Set A
Here a, b, c, d belongs to A or a, b, c, d  A
 Representation of Sets:
(a) Roster or Tabular form
e.g.: Set Natural Numbers less than 5 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
(b) Set-builder form
e.g.: Set of Natural Numbers less than 5 = {x : x N, x < 5}


Types of sets:
(a) Empty /Null/Void Set: Set which does not contain any
element. It is denotd by  or { }
(b) Finite set : Set having finite number of elements
(c) Infinite set: Set having infinite number of elements
(d) Singleton set : Set having only one element
 Cardinal number of finite set: Number of distinct elements of set.
It is denoted by n(A).
 Equivalent sets: Two or more finite sets having same number of
elements or same cardinal number.
1 [XI – Mathematics]
 Subset: A set A is said to be subset of a set B iff a A a B.
a  A
We write it as A  B.
Note: and A itself are always subsets of set A.
 Super set: If A  B then B is superset of A.
 Proper subset : If A  B, but A ≠ B then A is proper subset of B.
We write it as A  B.
 Number of subsets of a set A= 2n(A)
 Number of proper subsets of a Set A = 2n(A) – 1
 Equal sets: Two or more sets having exactly same elements.
A = B A B and B  A.
 Power set: The collection of all subsets of a set A.It is denoted

by P(A)
P(A) = {X: X  A}
n[P(A)] = 2n(A)
 Types of Intervals
(a) Open Interval (a, b) = { x  R : a < x < b }
(b) Closed Interval [a, b] = { x  R : a  x  b }
(c) Semi open or Semi closed Interval,
(a,b] = { x  R : a < x ≤b}

[a,b) = { x  R : a ≤ x < b}
 Venn diagram and operations on sets
(a) Union of two sets A and B :
A  B = { x : x  A or x  B }
(b) Intersection of two sets A and B :
A  B = { x : x  A and x  B}
 Subset and superset: A  B
 Disjoint sets: Two sets A and B are said to be disjoint if AB =
(c) Difference of sets A and B is,
A – B = { x : x  A and x B}
(d) Difference of sets B and A is,
B – A = { x : x  B and xA}
(e) Complement of a set A, denoted by A or Ac
A = Ac = U – A = { x : x  U and xA}
 Properties of complement of sets :

1. Complement laws
(i)A  A = U (ii) A  A =(iii) (A) = A
2. De Morgan's Laws
(i)(A  B) = A B(ii) (A  B) = A B
Note :This law can be extended to any number of sets.
3.  =  and  = 
4. If A B then BA
 Laws of Algebra of sets
(i) A  = A
(ii) A  = 
 A – B = A  B = A – (A  B)
 Commutative Laws :–
(i) A  B = B  A (ii) A  B = B  A
 Associative Laws :–
(i) (AB)C = A (B  C)
(ii) (A  B) C = A  (B C)
 Distributive Laws :–
(i) A  (B  C) = (A  B) (A  C)
(ii) A  (B  C) = (A B) (A  C)
 If AB, then A  B = A and A  B = B

 n(A  B) + (A  B) = n(A) + n(B)
 If A and B are disjoint, then n (A  B) = n(A) + n(B)
 n(A B C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(AB) – n(B  C) –
n(A  C)+ n(A  B C)
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Which of the following are sets? Justify your answer.
 1 2 3 19 
1. Write set  , , ,...  in set builder form.
 2 3 4 20 
2. Write the set {x : x Z+, x2< 4} is Roster form.
Let A = {1,3,5,7,9}. Insert the appropriate symbol  or  in blank
spaces: – (Question- 3,4)
3. (i) 2 ______ A (ii) {3} ____ A (iii) {3, 5} ____ A

4. Write the set A = { x : x is an integer, –1  x < 4} in roster form
5. Write the set B = {3,9,27,81} in set-builder form.

Which of the following are empty sets? Justify. (Question- 6,7)
6. A = { x : x  N and 3 <x <4}
7. B = { x : x N and x2 = x}
Which of the following sets are finite or infinite? Justify.
(Question-8, 9)
8. The set of all the points on the circumference of a circle.
9. B = { x : x  N and x is an even prime number}
10. Are sets A = { –2,2}, B = { x : x  Z, x2 –4 = 0} equal? Why?
11. Write (–5,9] in set-builder form
12. Write {x : x  R, –3  x < 7} as interval.
13. If A = { 1,3,5}, how many elements has P(A)?
14. Write all the possible subsets of A = {5,6}.

If A = Set of letters of the word ‘DELHI’ and B= the set of letters
the words ‘DOLL’ find (Question- 15, 16, 17)
15. AB
16. AB
17. A–B
18. Describe the following sets in Roster form
(i) The set of all letters in the word ‘ARITHMETIC’.
(ii) The set of all vowels in the word ‘EQUATION’.
19. Write the set A = {x : x Z, x2< 25} in roster form.
20. Write the set B = {x : x is a two digit number, such that the sum
of its digits is 7}
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
21. Are sets A = {1,2,3,4}, B = { x : xN and 5 ≤ x ≤7} disjoint?

Justify?
What is represented by the shaded regions in each of the
following Venn-diagrams? (Question 22, 23)
22.
23.
24. If A= { 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17}
B = { 2, 4, 6, 8 ... 18}, U = {1, 2, 3, ............... 20}
Where U is universal set then find A[(A B) B
25. Two sets A and B are such that
n(A B) = 21, n(A) = 10, n(B) = 15, find n(AB) and n(A – B)
26. Let A = {1, 2, 4, 5} B = {2, 3, 5, 6} C = {4, 5, 6, 7} Verify the following
identity
A (B C) = (A B)  (A C)
27. If  = { x : x N and x ≤ 10}

A = { x : x is prime and x ≤ 10}
B = { x : x is a factor of 24}
Verify the following result

(i) A – B = A B(ii) (AB)=AB (iii) (AB)=AB
28. For any sets A and B show that
(i)(AB) (A–B) =A (ii) A(B–A)=AB
29. On the Real axis, if A=[0,3]and B=[2,6], then find the following
(i) A (ii)AB (iii)AB (iv)A–B
30. In a survey of 450 people, it was found that 110 play cricket, 160
play tennis and 70 play both cricket as well as tennis. How many
play neither cricket nor tennis?
31. In a group of students, 225 students know French, 100 know
Spanish and 45 know both. Each student knows either French or
Spanish. How many students are there in the group?
32. Two sets A and B are such that n(AB)=21, n(AB)=9,
n(AB)=7 find n(AB).
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
33. In a group of 84 persons, each plays at least one game out of

three viz. tennis, badminton and cricket. 28 of them play cricket, 40 play
tennis and 48 play badminton. If 6 play both cricket and badminton and 4
play tennis and badminton and no one plays all the three games, find the
number of persons who play cricket but not tennis.
34. Using properties of sets and their complements prove that

(i) (AB) (AB) = A
(ii) A – (A B) = A – B
(iii) (AB) – C = (A – C) (B– C)
(iv) A – (BC) = (A – B) (A – C)
(v) A (B – C) = (AB) –(AC).
35. Two finite sets have m and n elements. The total number of
subsets of first set is 56 more than the total number of subsets
of the second set. Find the value of m and n.
36. A survey shows that 63% people watch news channel A

whereas 76% people watch news channel B. If x% of people
watch both news channels, then prove that 39 ≤ x ≤ 63.
37. From 50 students taking examination in Mathematics, Physics

and chemistry, each of the students has passed in at least one
of the subject, 37 passes Mathematics, 24 Physics and
43Chemistry. At most 19 passed Mathematics and Physics,
almost 29 Mathematics and chemistry and at most 20 Physics
and chemistry. What is the largest possible number that could
have passes in all the three subjects?
CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS
38. In a survey of of 600 students of class XI, 150 are using

YouTube videos and 225 are consulting books (other than text
book) as a learning resource. 100 were using both YouTube
videos and books as a learning resource.
i. How many students are using either books or YouTube

videos as thelearning resource?
ii. How many students are neither using YouTube videos nor
books asthe learning resource?
iii. How many students are using YouTube videos only as the
learning resource?
iv. How many students are using books only as the learning
resource?
v. What can be the maximum number of students who will use

YouTube video or books as learning resources?
39. In a class 18 students took Physics, 23 students took Chemistry

and 24 students took Mathematics.Of these 13 took both
Chemistry and Mathematics, 12 took both physics and chemistry
and 11 took both Physics and mathematics. If 6 students were
offered all the three subjects, find:
i. The total number of students are
(a) 47 (b) 37 (c) 35 (d) 49
ii. How many took Mathematics but not Chemistry?
(a) 11 (b) 1 (c) 6 (d) 12
iii. How many took exactly one of the three subjects?
(a)12 (b) 11 (c) 13 (d) 1
iv. How many took exactly two of these subjects?
(a) 11 (b) 13 (c) 12 (d) 18
v. Number of students who took Physics or Mathematics but

not Chemistry:
(a)12 (b) 13 (c) 11 (d) 18
40. In a town of 10,000 families, it was found that 40% families go to

shop A for their home needs groceries, 20% families go to the
shop B and 10% families go to shop C. 5% families go to shops
A and B, 3% go to B and C and 4% families go to A and C.
2% families go to all the three shops A, Band C. Find:
i. The number of families which go to shop A only;
(a) 4000 (b) 3300 (c) 3700 (d) 4200
ii. The number of families which don't visit/purchase from any

of A, B and C.
(a) 4000 (b) 7000 (c) 3300 (d) 6000
iii. The number of families which don't visit/purchase from any

of A, B and C.
(a) 300 (b) 200 (c) 100 (d) 600
iv. The number of families that purchase from exactly one shop.
(a) 4700 (b) 4000 (c) 5200 (d) 3800
v. The number of families that buy from at least one of the

shops A, B or C.
(a) 4000 (b) 6000 (c) 7000 (d) 1000
Multiple Choice Questions

41. In set builder method the null set is represented by
(a) { } (b)  (c) { x : x ≠ x} (d) { x : x = x}.
42. If A and B are two given sets, then A  (A  B)is equal to
(a) A (b) B (c)  (d) A – B.
43. If A and B are two sets such that A  B then A  B is
(a) A (b) B (c)  (d) A  B.
44. If n(A  B) = 18, n(A – B) = 5, n(B – A) = 3 then n(A  B) is
(a) 18 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 12
45. For any two sets A and B, A  (A  B)’ is equal to
(a) A (b) B (c)  (d) A B
46. If n(A) = 5 and n(B) = 7, then maximum number of elements in

A  B is
(a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 12 (d) None of these
47. n[P{P()}] =
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 0
48. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, then the number of proper subsets of A is
(a) 120 (b) 30 (c) 31 (d) 32
49. For any two sets A and B, (A – B)  (B – A) =
(a) (A – B)  A (b) (B – A) B
(c) (A  B) – (A  B) (d) (A  B)  (A  B)
n
50. If X = {8  7n  1: n N) and y  {49n  49 : n N}, then
(a) X  Y (b) Y  X
(d) X = Y (d) X Y = 
51. Let n(U) = 700, n(A) = 200, n(B) = 300 and n(A  B) = 100, then
n(Ac Bc) =
(a) 400 (b) 600
(d) 300 (d) 200
52. If a set A has n elements, then the total number of subsets of A

is
(a) n (b) n2
(d) 2n (d) 2n
53. The number of non-empty subsets of the set {1, 2, 3, 4} is
(a) 15 (b) 14
(d) 16 (d) 17
54. If A and B are two sets, then A  B = A  B iff
(a) A  B (b) B  A
(d) A = B (d) None of these
55. Let A and B be two sets. Then
(a) A  B  A  B (b) A  B  A  B
(d) A  B = A  B (d) None of these
 1 
56. If Q =  x : x  , where y  N  , then
 y 
(a) 0Q (b) 1Q
2
(d) 2Q (d) Q
3
Directions: Each of these questions contains two statements,

Assertion and Reason. Each of these questions also has four
alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You have
to select one of the codes. (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below:
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct: reason is a correct
explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct: reason is not a correct
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
57. Assertion: The number of non-empty subsets of the set {a, b, c,

d} are 15.
Reason: Number of non-empty subsets of a set having n

elements are 2n – 1.
58. Suppose A, B and C are three arbitrary sets and U is a universal

set.
Assertion: If B = U – A, then n(B) = n(U) – n(A).
Reason: If C = A – B, then n(C) = n(A) – n(B).
59. Assertion: Let A = {1, {2, 3}}, then
P(A) = {{1}, {2, 3}, , {1, {2, 3}}}
Reason:Power set is set of all subsets of A.
60. Assertion:The subsets of the set {1, {2}} are { }, {1}, {{2}} and {1,
{2}}.
Reason:The total number of proper subsets of a set containing

n elements is 2n – 1.
ANSWERS
 n 
1. x : x  , n  N, n  19 
 n 1 
2. {1}
3. (i) (ii) (iii) 
4. A = {–1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
n
5. B = { x : x = 3 , n  N and 1  n  4}
6. Empty set because no natural number is lying between 3 and 4
7. Non-empty set because B = {1}
8. Infinite set because circle is a collection of infinite points whose
distances from the centre is constant called radius.
9. Finite set because B = {2}
10. Yes, because x2 – 4 = 0 x = 2 or – 2 both are integers
11. {x : x  R, –5 < x ≤ 9}
12. [ –3,7)
3
13. 2 = 8
14. , {5}, {6}, {5,6}
15. A  B = {D, E, L, H, I, O}
16. A  B = {D, L}
17. A – B = {E, H, I}
18. (i) {A, R, I, T, H, M, E, C} (ii) {E, U, A, I, O}
19. { –4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
20. {16, 25, 34, 43, 52, 61, 70}
21. Yes, because A  B = 
22. (A – B) (B – A) or A  B
23. A (B  C) [Hint: Find n(U)] 
24.  = {1, 2, 3, ........... 20}
25. n(A  B) = 4, n(A – B) = 6
29. (i) (–, 0)  (3, )(ii) [0, 6] (iii) [2, 3] (iv) [0, 2)
30. Hint: U = set of people surveyed

A = set of people who play cricket
B = set of people who play tennis
Number of people who play neither cricket nor tennis

= n [(A  B)] = n(U) – n (A  B)
= 450 – 200= 250
31. There are 280 students in the group.
32. 23 [Hint: Find n(U)]
33. 6
35. n = 3 m=6
36. [Hint: Take n() = 100]

37. 14
38. i. 275 ii. 325 iii. 50 iv. 125
39. i. (c) ii. (a) iii. (b) iv. (d) v. (a)
40. i. (b) ii. (a) iii. (d) iv. (c) v. (b)
41.(c) 42.(b) 43.(c)
44.(b) 45.(c) 46.(c)
47.(a) 48.(c) 49.(c)
50.(a) 51.(c) 52.(c)
53.(a) 54.(c) 55.(b)
56.(b) 57.(a) 58.(c)
59.(d) 60.(b)
CHAPTER – 2
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
CONCEPT MAP
 Ordered Pair: An ordered pair consists of two objects or

elements in a given fixed order.
Remarks: An ordered pair is not a set consisting of two
elements. The ordering of two elements in an ordered pair is
important and the two elements need not be distinct.
 Equality of Ordered Pair: Two ordered pairs (x1, y1) & (x2, y2)
are equal if x1 = x2 and y1 = y2.
i.e. (x1, y1) = (x2, y2) x1 = x2 and y1 = y2
 Cartesian product of two sets: Cartesian product of two non-
empty sets A and B is given by A × B and A × B = {(x, y) : x  A
and y  B}.
 Cartesian product of three sets:Let A, B and C be three sets,
then A × B × C is the set of all ordered triplet having first
element from set A, 2nd element from set B and 3rd element
from set C.
i.e., A × B × C = {(x, y, z) : x  A, y  B and z C }.
 Number of elements in the Cartesian product of two sets: If
n(A) = p and n(B) = q, then n(A × B) = pq.
 Relation: Let A and B be two non-empty sets. Then a relation

from set A to set B is a subset of A × B.
 No. of relations: If n(A) = p, n(B) = q then no. of relations from
set A to set B is given by 2pq.
 Domain of a relation: Domain of R = {a : (a,b)  R}
 Range of a relation: Range of R = { b : (a,b)  R}
 Co-domain of R from set A to set B = set B.
 Range  Co-domain
 Relation on a set: Let A be non-empty set. Then a relation from
A to A itself. i.e., a subset of A × A, is called a relation on a set.
 Inverse of a relation: Let A, B be two sets and Let R be a
relations from set A to set B.
Then the inverse of R denoted R–1 is a relation from set B to A
and is defined by R–1 = {(b, a) : (a, b)  R}
 Function: Let A and B be two non-empty sets. A relation from
set A to set B is called a function (or a mapping or a map) if
each element of set A has a unique image in set B.
Remark: If (a, b)  f then ‘b’ is called the image of ‘a’ under f and
‘a’ is called pre-image of ‘b’.
 Domain and rangeof a function: If a function ‘f’ is expressed
as the set of ordered pairs, the domain of ‘f’ is the set of all the
first components of members of f and range of ‘f’ is the set of
second components of member of ‘f’.
i.e., Df = {a : (a, b)  f} and Rf = {b : (a, b) f}
 No. of functions: Let A and B be two non-empty finite sets such

that n(A) = p and n(B) = q then number of functions from A to B
= qp.
 Real valued function: A function f : A  B is called a real
valued function if B is a subset of R (real numbers).
 Identity function:f : RRgiven by f(x) = x  x  R (real
number)
Here,Df = R and Rf = R
 Constant function: f : R  R given by f(x) = c for all x  R

where c is any constant
Here,Df = R and Rf = {c}
 Modulus function:f : R  R given by f(x) = |x|  x  R

Here,Df = R and Rf = [0, )
Remarks : x2 = x
 x:x 0 
or f ( x ) | x |  
 x : x  0
x
 , x 0
 Signum function: f : R  R defined by f (x) =  x
0, x=0

Or
1, if x >0

f (x) = 0, if x = 0
–1, if x < 0

 Greatest Integer function:f : R  R defined by f(x) = [x], x  R

assumes the value of the greatest integer, less than or equal to
x.Here, Df = R and Rf = Z
3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4
–1
–2
–3
 Graph for f : R  R, defined by f(x) = x2
Here, Df = R and Rf = [0, 
 Graph for f : R  R, defined by f(x) = x3

Here Df = R and Rf = R
 Exponential function: f : R  R, defined by f(x) = ax, a > 0, a  1
When 0 < a < 1 When a > 1
> 1 for x <0 < 1 for x <0

x  
f (x) = a = 1 for x =0 f (x) = a x = 1 for x =0
< 1 for x >0 > 1 for x >0
 
 Natural exponential function, f(x) = ex
1 1 1
e = 1+ + + + ...  , 2 < e < 3
1! 2! 3!
 Logarithmic functions, f : (0, )  R ; f(x) logax, a > 0, a  1
When, 0 < a < 1 When, a > 1

Df = (0, ) Df = (0, )
Rf = R Rf = R
 Natural logarithm function: f(x) = logex or ln(x).
 Let f : X  R and g : X  R be any two real functions where
x  R then
(f ± g) (x) = f(x) ± g(x)  x  X
(fg) (x) = f(x) g(x)  x  X
f f x
 x =  x  X provided g  x   0
 g g x
Very Short Answer Type Question
1. Find a and b if (a – 1, b + 5) = (2, 3)

If A = {1,3,5}, B = {2,3}, find : (Question- 2, 3)
2. A×B
3. B×A
Let A = {1,2}, B = {2,3,4}, C = {4,5}, find (Question- 4, 5)
4. A × (B  C)
5. A × (B  C)
6. If P = {1,3}, Q = {2,3,5}, find the number of relations from P to Q
7. If R = {(x,y): x,y  Z, x² + y² = 64}, then,
Write R in roster form

Which of the following relations are functions? Give reason.
(Questions 18 to 20)
8. R = { (1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (4,5)}
9. R = { (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4)}
10. R = { (1,2), (2,5), (3,8), (4,10), (5,12), (6,12)}
11. If A and B are finite sets such that n(A) = 5 and n(B) = 7, then
find the number of functions from A to B.
12. If f(x) = x2–3x + 1 find x  R such that f (2x) = f (x)
Let f and g be two real valued functions, defined by, f(x) = x,
g(x) = |x|.Find: (Question 13 to 16)
13. f+g
14. f–g
15. fg
f
16.
g
f 5 – f 1
17. If f(x) = x3, find the value of,
5 –1
18. Find the domain of the real function, f  x  = x2 – 4
x2 + 2x +3
19. Find the domain of the function, f  x  = 2
x – 5x + 6
Find the range of the following functions. (Question- 20, 21)
1
20. f(x) =
4 – x2
21. f(x) = x2 + 2
22. Find the domain of the relation,

R = {(x, y): x, y  Z, xy = 4}
Find the range of the following relations: (Question-23, 24)

23. R = {(a,b) : a, b  N and 2a + b = 10}
 1  
24. R =  x,  : x  Z,0 < x < 6
 x  
25. Let A = {1,2,3,4}, B = {1,4,9,16,25} and R be a relation defined
from A to B as,
R = {(x, y): x  A, y B and y = x2}
(a) Depict this relation using arrow diagram.

(b) Find domain of R.
(c) Find range of R.
(d) Write co-domain of R.
26. If A = {2,4,6,9} B = {4,6,18,27,54} and a relation R from A to B is
defined by R = {(a,b): a A, b B, a is a factor of b and a < b},
then write R in Roster form. Also find its domain and range.
27. Find the domain and range of,
f(x) = |2x – 3| – 3
28. Draw the graph of the Constant functionf : R  R; f(x) = 2  x 
R. Also find its domain and range.
29. Draw the graph of the function |x – 2|
Find the domain and range of the following real functions

(Question 30-35)
30. f(x) = x2 + 4
x +1
31. f(x) =
x–2
x +1
32. f(x) =
x +1
x2 – 9
33. f(x) =
x–3
34. f(x) =1– x – 3
1
35. f (x) 
9  x2
36. Determine a quadratic function f defined by f(x) = ax² + bx +c. If
f(0) = 6; f(2) = 11, f(–3) = 6
1+ 2x x < 0
37. Draw the graph of the function f(x) =  also find its
3 + 5x x  0
range.
38. Draw the graph of following function
x
 x0
f(x) =  x
0 x=0

Also find its range.
Find the domain of the following function.

1
39. f(x) =
x+ x
1
40. f(x) =
x– x
1
41. f(x) =
2
[x] – [x] – 6
1
42. f(x) = 4 – x +
x2 –1
43. Find the domain for which the following functions:

f(x) = 2x2 – 1 and g(x) = 1 – 3x are equal.
1 3  1
44. If f(x) = x – prove that  f(x)  = f(x 3 ) + 3f   .
x x
45. If [x] denotes the greatest integer function. Find the solution set
of equation, [x]2 +5[x]+ 6 = 0.
ax – b
46. If f(x) = = y. Find the value of f(y).
bx – a
Long Answer Type Questions
47. Draw the graph of following function and find range (R f ) of

f(x) = x – 2 + 2+ x  – 3  x  3.
1
48. Find domain and range f(x)
2sin3x
49. To make himself self-dependent and to earn his living, a person

decided to setup a small scale business of manufacturing hand
sanitizers. He estimated a fixed cost of Rs. 15000 per month
and a cost of Rs. 30 per unit to manufacture.
i. If x units of hand sanitizers are manufactured per month.

What is the cost function?
ii. If each unit is sold for Rs. 45. What is the selling (revenue)
function?
iii. What is the profit function?
iv. For Break even (No Profit, no loss situation) in a month, how
manyunits should be manufactured and sold?
50. This is a graph showing how far the distances have been
travelled by Sunita (in her car) in a given time.
She drove, stopped, does her work and returned back.
i. The line OA of the graph represents the function:

(a) x=10y (b) y=10x
x
(c) y=x (d) y=
2
ii. At what distance from the starting point Sunita stopped to do

her work?
(a) 30m (b) 40m
(c) 50m (d) 60m
iii. How much time Sunita took to complete her work?

(a) 30 min (b) 40 min
(c) 50 min (d) 60 min
iv. Line AB represents the constant function:
(a) y = 50 (b) x = 50
(c) y = 10 (d) x = 9
v. How much time Sunita took to reach at a distance of 40 km.
from the initial point?
(a) 30 min (b) 40 min
(c) 50 min (d) 1 hour

51. If A = {1, 2, 4}, B = {2, 4, 5}, C = {2, 5} then (A – B) × (B – C)
(a) {(1, 2), (1, 5), (2, 5)} (b) {1, 4}
(c) {1, 4} (d) None of these.
52. If R is a relation on set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} given by xRy 

y = 3x, then R = ?
(a) {(3, 1), (6, 2), (8, 2), (9, 3)} (b) {(3, 1), (6, 2), (9, 3)}
(c) {(3, 1), (2, 6), (3, 9)} (d) None of these.
53. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4, 6, 9} if relation R from A to B defined by

x is greater then y. the range of R is -
(a) {1, 4, 6, 9} (b) {4, 6, 9}
(c) {1} (d) None of these.
54. If R be a relation from a set A to a set B then -

(a) R = A  B (b) R = A  B
(c) R  A × B (d) R B × A.
 1
55. If 2f(x) – 3f   = x2 (x ≠ 0), then f(2) is equal to -
x
–7 5
(a) (b)
4 2
(c) –1 (d) None of these.
– 
56. Range of the function f(x) = cos[x] for < x < is -
2 2
(a) {–1, 1, 0} (b) {cos1, cos2, 1}
(c) {cos1, –cos1, 1} (d) {–1, 1}.
 1+ x  3x + x3
57. If f(x) = log   and g(x) = then f{g(x)} is equal to -
 1– x  1+ 3x2
(a) f(3x) (b) {f(x)}3
(c) 3f(x) (d) –(f(x).
1  x 
58. If f(x) = cos(logx) then value of f(x).f(y) –  f   + f(xy)  is -
2 y 
(a) 1 (b) –1
(c) 0 (d) ±1.
59. Doman of f(x) = 4x – x2 is -

(a) R – [0, 4] (b) R – (0, 4)
(c) (0, 4) (d) [0, 4].
60. If [x]2 – 5[x] + 6 = 0, where [ . ] denote the greatest integer

function then -
(a) x  [3, 4] (b) x (2, 3]
(c) x  [2, 3] (d) x  [2, 4).
61. If A = {2, 3, 5}, B = {2, 5, 6}, then (A – B) × (A  B) is
(a) {(3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 5)} (b) {(3, 2), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
(c) {(3, 2), (3, 5)} (d) None of these
62. The relation R defined on the set of natural numbers as {(a, b), a
– b = 3}, is given by
(a) {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), .....} (b) {(4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3), ...}
(c) {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), ...} (d) None of these
63. If R = {(x, y)| x, y  Z, x2 + y2< 4} is a relation is Z, then domain

of R is
(a) {0, 1, 2} (b) {0, – 1, – 2}
(c) {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2} (d) None of these
64. Let n(A) = n. Then the number of all relations on A is

(a) 2n (b) 2n!
(c) 2n2 (d) None of these
65. If n(A) = 4, n(B) = 3, n(A × B × C) = 24, then n(C) =

(a) 288 (b) 1
(c) 12 (d) 2
x f(a)
66. If f(x) = ,then =
x –1 f(a +1)
 1
(a) f(–a) (b) f  
 a
 -a 
(c) f(a2) (d) f 
 a – 1
Direction: Each of these questions contains two statements Assertion
and Reason. Each of these questions also has four alternative choices,
only one of which is the correct answer. You have to select one of the
codes. (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reasoni is correct.
67. Let A = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h} and R = {(a, b), (b, b), (a, g), (b, a),
(b, g), (g, a), (g, b), (g, g), (b, b)}
Consider the following statements:
Assertion: R  A × A.
Reason: R is not a relation on A.
68. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}. If R is the relation on A defined by {(a, b) :

a, b  A. b is exactly divisible by a}.
Assertion: The relation R in Roster form is {(6, 3), (6, 2), (4, 2)}.
Reason: The Domain and Range of R is {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
69. Assertion: If (x + 1, y – 2) = (3, 1), then x = 2 and y = 3.

Reason: Two ordered pairs are equal, if their corresponding
elements are equal.
1 2
70. Assertion: If f(x) = , x  2 and g(x) = (x – 2) , then
x–2
1+(x – 2)3
(f + g) (x) = , x  2.
x–2
Reason: If f and g are two functions, then their sum is defined
by (f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x)  x  D1 D2, where D1 and D2 are
domains of f and g, respectively.
ANSWERS
1. a = 3, b = –2
2. A × B = {(1,2), (1,3), (3,2), (3,3), (5,2), (5,3)}
3. B × A = { (2,1), (2,3), (2,5), (3,1), (3,3), (3,5)}
4. {(1,4), (2,4)}
5. {(1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5)}
6. 26 = 64
7. R = { (0,8), (0,–8), (8,0), (–8,0)}
8. Not a function because 4 has two images.
9. Not a function because 2 does not have a unique image.
10. Function because every element in the domain has its unique
image.
11. 75
12. 0,1
2x x  0
13. f +g= 
0 x < 0
0 x0
14. f –g= 
2x x < 0
x2 x0
fg =  2
15. –x x <0
f 1 x>0 f
16. = and Note:- is not defined at x = 0
g  –1 x < 0 g
17. 31 18. (–, –2]  [2, )
[Hint: Put x2 – 4 > 0]
19. R – {2,3} 20. (–, 0)  [1/4, )
21. [2,) 22. {–4, –2, –1,1,2,4}
23. {2,4,6,8} [Hint: Use roster Form]
 1 1 1 1
24. 1, , , , 
 2 3 4 5
 1 1 1 1
23. {2,4,6,8} [Hint: Use roster Form] 24. 1, , , , 
 2 3 4 5
A B
1 1
2 4
9
25. ( a) 3 16
4 25
(b) {1,2,3,4}
(c) {1,4,9,16}
(d) {1,4,9,16,25}
26. R = { (2,4) (2,6) (2,18) (2,54) (6,18) (6,54) (9,18) (9,27) (9,54) }
Domain is R = {2,6,9}
Range of R = { 4, 6, 18, 27, 54}
27. Domain is R
Range is [–3, )
28. Domain = R,Range = {2}
 x – 2 : x  2
29. Hint: |x – 2| =  
2 – x : x < 2 
30. Domain = R,
Range =[2, )
31. Domain = R – {2}
Range = R – {1}
32. Domain = R – {–1}
Range = {1, –1}
33. Domain = R – {3}
Range = R – {6}
34. Domain = R
Range =(–, 1]
35. Doman = (–3, 3)
1
Range =  ,  )
3
1 2 3
36. x + x+6
2 2
37. (–, 1)  [3, )
38. Range of f = {–1,0,1}
39. (0, )
40. (given function is not defined)
41. (–, –2)  (4, )
42. (–, –1)  (1, 4]
 1
43.  –2, 
 2
45. [–3,–1)
46. x
47. Rf = [4, 6] and graph is
48. Domain = R
Range = [1/3, 1]
49. i. 15000 + 30x ii. 45x iii. 15(x – 1000) iv. 1000
50. i. (c) ii. (c) iii. (b) iv. (a) v. (b)
51. (b) 52. (d) 53. (c)
54. (c) 55. (a) 56. (b)
57. (c) 58. (c) 59. (d)
60. (d) 61. (c) 62. (b)
63. (c) 64. (c) 65. (d)
66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (d)
69. (a) 70. (a)
CHAPTER - 3
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
KEY POINTS
 1 radian is an angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc
whose length is equal to the radius of the circle.
 radian=180 degree

 180 
1 radian =   =57° 16’ 22” (Appr.)
  
 If an arc of length ‘  ’ makes an angle ‘’ radian at the centre of a

circle of radius ‘r’, we have  = .
r
th
 1 
 I degree is  part of a circle. One degree is further divided
 360 
into 60 parts called minutes and one minute is further divided
into 60 parts called seconds.
 360° = one complete revolution
 1° = 60(minutes)
 1 = 60(second)
Quadrant  I II III IV
t-functions All sinx tanx cosx

which are
cosecx cotx secx
postive
 Function Domain Range
Sinx R [–1, 1]
Cosx R [–1, 1]
 
Tanx R –  2n + 1  ; n  z R
 2
cosecx R – {n}; n  z R – (–1, 1)
 
Secx R –  2n + 1  ; n  z R – (–1, 1)
 2
Cotx R – {n}; n  z R
 Trigonometric Identities:
(i) sin (x + y) = sinx cosy+cosxsiny
(ii) sin (x – y) = sinx cosy–cosxsiny
(iii) cos (x + y) = cosxcosy–sinxsiny
(iv) cos (x – y) = cosx cosy + sinxsiny
tan x  tan y
(v) tan(x + y) 
1  tan x.tan y
tan x – tan y
(vi) tan(x – y) 
1  tan x.tan y
cot x.cot y – 1
(vii) cot(x + y) =
coty + cotx
cot x.cot y +1
(viii) cot(x – y) =
coty – cotx
2tanx
(ix) sin2x = 2sinx cosx =
1+ tan2 x
1  tan2 x
(x) cos2x = cos2x – sin2x = 2cos2x – 1 = 1 – 2sin2x =
1  tan2 x
2tanx
(xi) tan2x =
1– tan2 x
(xii) sin3x = 3sinx – 4sin3x
(xiii) cos3x = 4cos3x – 3cos x
3tanx – tan3 x
(xiv) tan3x =
1– 3tan2 x
x+y x–y
(xv) cosx + cosy = 2cos cos
2 2
x+y y–x
(xvi) cosx – cosy = 2sin sin
2 2
x+y x–y
(xvii) sinx + siny = 2sin cos
2 2
x+y x–y
(xviii) sinx –siny = 2cos sin
2 2
(xix) 2sinx cosy = sin(x + y) + sin(x – y)
(xx) 2cosx siny = sin(x + y) – sin(x – y)
(xxi) 2cosx cosy = cos(x + y) + cos(x – y)
(xxii) 2sinx siny = cos(x – y) – cos(x + y)
A 1– cosA
(xxiii) sin = ±
2 2
sign ‘+’ or ‘–’ will be decided
A 1+ cosA according to the quadrant in
(xxiv) cos = ±
2 2 which angle lies.
A 1– cosA
(xxv) tan = ±
2 1+ cosA
 Maximum and minimum values of the expression Acos + Bsin
2 2 2 2
are A + B and – A + B respectively, where A and B are
constants.
1. Write the radian measure of 5° 37’ 30”.
11
2. Write the degree measure of radian.
16
 19  
3. Write the value of tan  .
 3 
4. What is the value of sin (–1125°).
5. Write the value of 2sin75° sin15°.
6. What is the maximum value of 3 – 7cos5x.
7. Express sin12 + sin4 as the product of sines and cosines.
8. Express 2cos4x sin2x as an algebraic sum of sines and cosines.
9. Write the maximum value of cos(cosx) and also write its
minimum value.

10. Write is the value of tan .
12

11. Find the length of an arc of a circle of radius 5cm subtending a central
angle measuring 15°.
3 
12. If sin A  and  A   Find cos A, sin 2A.
5 2
13. What is the sign of cos x/2 – sin x/2 when

(i) 0 <x</4 (ii) x
2
14. Prove that cos 510° cos 330° + sin 390° cos 120° = –1.
15. Find the maximum and minimum value of 7 cos x + 24 sin x.
16. Evaluate sin( + x) sin( – x) cosec2x.
17. Find the angle in radians between the hands sof a clock at 7 : 20 PM.
1 5 
18. If cot   , sec   where << 3 /2 and     . Find the
2 3 2
value of tan ( + ).
1 3
19. If cos x  and   x  . Find the value of cos x/2 , tanx/2
3 2
a 1
20. If tan A  and tan B  then find the value of A + B
a 1 2a  1
21. A horse is tied to a post by a rope. If the horse moves along a circular
path, always keeping the rope tight and describes 88 metres when it
traces 72° at the centre, find the length of the rope.
22. Find the minimum and maximum value ofsin4x + cos2x; x R
23. Find x if tan (x – 15°) = tan (x + 15°)
3
24. If sec x  2 and  x  2 , find the value of
2
1 – tan x – cosec x
1 – cot x  cosec x
cot x 5
25. If f(x) = and     then find f(). f().
1  cot x 4
26. Prove that tan 70° = tan 20° + 2 tan 50°
27. Prove that tan 13x = tan 4x + tan 9x + tan 4x tan 9x tan 13x.
[Hint: 13x = 9x + 4x]
Prove the following Identities
tan 5  tan 3
28.  4 cos 2.cos 4 .[Hint: Break into sin and cos]
tan 5  tan 3
cos x  sin x cos x  sin x

29.   2 tan 2 x .
cos x  sin x cos x  sin x
cos 4 x sin 3 x  cos 2 x sin x
30.  tan 2 x .
sin 4 x.sin x  cos 6 x.cos x
[Hint: Transformation formula form product to sum or different]
1  sin   cos  
31.  tan .[Hint: Use half angle formula]
1  sin   cos  2
32. tan  tantan (60° + ) = tan 3.
33. 2  2  2 cos 4  2 cos  .[Hint: Use half angle formula]
cos x  x
34.  tan    .
1  sin x 4 2
35. cos 10° + cos 110° + cos 130° = 0.
sin( x  y )  2sin x  sin( x  y)

36.  tan x
cos( x  y )  2 cos x  cos( x  y )
x 3x
37. sin x  sin 2 x  sin 4 x  sin 5 x  4 cos .cos .sin 3 x
2 2
[Hint: Use transformation formula from sum of product.]
sec 8  1 tan 8
38. 
sec 4  1 tan 2
39. Find the value of 3 cosec 20° – sec 20°
40. Draw the graph of cosx, sinx and tanx in [0, 2
41. Draw sinx, sin2x and sin3x on same graph and with same scale.
 13 
42. Evaluate: tan  
 12 
1 1
43. If tan A – tan B = x, cot B – cot A = y prove that cot (A – B) = 
x y
sin( x  y ) a  b tan x a
44. If  then prove that  .
sin( x  y ) a  b tan y b
45. Find the range of 5 sinx – 12 cosx + 7.
 2   2  3
46. Show that cos 2  cos 2  x    cos 2  x   
 3  3 2
[Hint: Use cos 2 = 2cos2 – 1]

47. Show that sin   sin   sin   sin(     )
     
= 4 sin   sin   sin 
 2   2   2 
[Hint: Use transformation formula sum to product]

48. Find cos 
8
1
49. Prove that sin 10° sin 30° sin 50° sin 70° = .
16
 2 4 8 1
50. cos .cos .cos .cos 
5 5 5 5 16
1
51. cos 20 .cos 40 .cos 80  
8
 3  5   7 
52. Evaluate: cos 4  cos 4  cos 4    cos 4  
8 8  8   8 
[Hint: Use cos 2 = 2 cos2 – 1]
 x  x 2 
53. If cos x  cos .cos  then prove that tan   . tan    tan
 2   2  2
  1
54. If tan( cos )  cot( sin ) then prove that cos       .
 4 2 2
55. If sin(  )  a and sin(  )  b then prove that
cos 2(  )  4ab cos(  )  1  2a 2  2b 2
56. If and  are the solution of the equation, a tan   b sec   c ,

2 ac
thenshowthat tan(  )  2 2 .
a c
57. Prove that
cos 2 x  cos 2 y  2 cos x.cos y.cos( x  y )  sin 2 ( x  y )
58. Prove that :
2 sin 2   4 cos(  ) sin  sin   cos 2(  )  cos 2
sin16A
59. Prove that : cos A cos 2A cos 4A cos 8A = .
16.sinA
[Hint: Use transformation formula]
   3   5   7 
60. Evaluate:  1  cos   1  cos   1  cos   1  cos 
 8  8  8  8 
   2 
61. Prove that : 4 sin .sin     .sin      sin 3 .
 3  3 
[Hint: Use transformation formula of product to sum or diff.]
62. If sin A + sin B = p, cosA + cosB = q show that
2 pq
(i) sin( A  B) 
p2  q2
p2  q2
(ii) cos( A  B ) 
p2  q2
p2  q2
(iii) tan( A  B) 
p2  q2
 2   4  3
63. Show that sin 3 x  sin 3   x  sin 3   x  sin 3 x
 3   3  4
64. After retirement, Mr. D. N. Sharma purchased a farm house in

shape of quadrilateral ABCD with  A = 90°,  B = 72°,  C =
108° and  D = 90°. He also purchased a horse and cow. One
day, he tied the horse with a rope at vertex B and oserved that it
describes an arc of length 88 m when it moves along a circular
path keeping the rope tight.
Based on above information answer the following :-

i. What is radian measure of  B ?
ii. What is length of rope?
iii. What will be the length of arc described by horse if he
doubles the rope length?
iv. What will be the length of arc described by cow if it is tied at
vertex c with the rope of same length as horse?
65. While playing with this nephew Shashank, Mr. V.S. Malik
observes a vertical pole in park. A wire is tied from top of pole to
a point on ground level. Mr. Malik asks Shashank some
mathematics related questions. Mr. Shashank is Class-XI
student and very intelligent in Maths. Using some tools he
measure the distance of point at ground where wire is tied as 10
m. and angle between wire and ground level as 75°.
Based on above information answer the following :-

i. What is the value of tan75° ?
3 –1 3 +1
(a) (b)
3 +1 3 –1
3 3
(c) (d)
3 +1 3 –1
ii. What is the height of pole?
(a) 10  
3 +1 (b) 10  3 –1 
3 +1 3 –1
(c) 10 (d) 10
3 –1 3 +1
iii. What is the value of sin75° ?
3 +1 3 –1 3 +1 3 –1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 –1 2 2 2 2 3 +1
iv. What is the length of wire?
(a) 10 2  3 +1 (b) 10  3 +1
(c) 10 2  3 – 1 (d) 10  3 –1
iii. What is the value of sin105° ?

3 +1 3 –1 3 +1 3 –1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 –1 2 2 2 2 3 +1
66. The greatest value of sinx cosx is -

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 2 (d) 1/2
67. The value of tan1° × tan2° × tan3° ……..… tan89° is -
(a) 0 (b) 1
1
(c) (d) Not defined.
2
68. The value of cos1° × cos2° × cos3° ……..… cos179° is -
1
(a) (b)0(c)1 (d) –1.
2
1– tan215°
69. The value of is -
1+ tan215°
(a) 1 (b) 3
3
(c) (d) 2.
2
70. The value of sin50° – sin70° + sin10° is equal to -

(a) 1 (b) 0
1
(c) (d) 2.
2
71. If sin + cos = 1, then the value of sin2 is equal to -
1
(a) 1 (b)
2
(c) 0 (d) 2.

72. If  +  = , then value of (1 + tan) . (1 + tan) is -
4
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) –2 (d) Not defined.
1 1
73. If cosx =  a +  ,then cos3x is -
2 a
1 3 1  3 3 1 
(a) a + 3  (b) a + 3 
2 a  2 a 
1 3 1  3 3 1 
(c) a – 3  (d) a – 3 .
2 a  2 a 
74. If P = 2sin2x – cos2x, then P lies in the interval -

(a) [1, 3] (b) [1, 2]
(c) [–1, 2] (d) None of these.
 
75. If < x < , then write the value of 1– sin2x is -
4 2
(a) cosx – sinx (b) cosx + sinx
(c) sinx – cosx (d) 2.
1
76. If sin  =  and tan  = 1, then  lies in which quadrant
2
(a) First (b) Second
(c) Third (d) Fourth
1 1
77. If sin (  )  and cos(  )  , where,  and  are positive
2 2
acute angle, then
(a)  = 45°,  = 15° (b)  = 15°,  = 45°
(c)  = 60°,  = 15° (d) None of these
1
78. If tan    and  lies in the fourth quadrant, then cos  =
10
(a) 1/ 11 (b) 1/ 11
10 10
(c) (d) 
11 11
79. tan 15° =

1
(a) (b) 32
3
(c) 2  3 (d) None of these
3 3 1
80. If sin   , where,   a  , then cos  
5 2 2
1 1
(a) (b)
10 10
3 3
(c) (d)
10 10
81. Which of the following number(s) is/are rational

(a) sin 15° (b) cos 15°
(c) sin 15° cos 15° (d) sin 15° cos 75°
to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct
cos(  x).cos( x )
82. Assertion:  cot 2 x
 
sin(  x).cos   x
2 
Reason: cos ( + ) = – cos  and cos (–) = cos . Also sin ( –

) = sin  and sin (– ) = – sin .
83. Assertion: coses x is negative in third and fourth quadrants.
Reason: cot x decreases from 0 to –  in first quadrant and
increases from 0 to  in third quadrant.
84. Assertion:The degree measure corresponding to (–2) radian is
– 114° 19 min.
Reason: The degree measure of a given radian measure
180
= × Radian measure.

85. Assertion: The ratio of the radii of two circles at the centres of
which two equal ares subtend angles of 30° and 70° is 21 : 10.
Reason: Number of radians in an angle subtended at the centre
of a circle by an are is equal to the ratio of the length of the are
to the radius of th circle.
ANSWERS

1. 2. 39° 22’ 30”
32
1
3. 3 4. 
2
1
5.
2
6. 10 7. 2 sin8 cos4
8. sin6x – sin2x 9. 1 and –1
3 1
10.
3 1
11.70m
–4 –24
12. , [Hint: For f(x) = a sin  + b cos  Max value = a 2  b2 –
5 25
Min value = – a 2  b2 ]
13.(i) +ve(ii) –ve 15. Max value 25;
16.–1 Min value –25
[Hint: For f(x) = a sin q +
b cos q Max value =
a 2  b2 Min value =
a 2  b2 ]
5 2
17. 18.
9 11
19. –1/ 3, – 2 20. /4
3
21.70 m 22. min = , max = 1
4
23.30° [Hint: Break into sin and cos and use sin(A – B)]
24.1 [Hint: Break into sum and cos and rationalise]
1
25. 39. 4
2
40.
41.
3
42.(i) 2 – 3 52.
2
2 1
45.[–6, 20] 48. 
2 2
1
60.
8
64. i. 2/5 ii. 70 m iii. 176 m iv. 144 m
65. i. (b) ii. (c) iii. (c) iv. (a) v. (c)
66. (d) 67. (c) 68. (c)
69. (c) 70. (b) 72. (c)
73. (a) 74. (c) 75. (c)
76. (c) 77. (a) 78. (c)
79. (c) 80. (a) 81. (c)
82. (a) 83. (c) 84. (d)
85. (d)
CHAPTER - 4
COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS
KEY POINTS
 The imaginary number 1  i , is called iota

 For any integer k, i4k =1, i4k+1 = i, i4k+2 = –1, i4k+3 = –i
 i2 = – 1; i4 = i° = 1
 a  b  ab if both a and b are negative real numbers
 a  b  ab , if atleast one number is positive.
 A number of the form z = a + ib, where a, b  R is called a

complex number.
a is called the real part of z, denoted by Re(z) and b is called the
imaginary part of z, denoted by Im(z)
 a + ib = c + id  a = c, and b = d
 z1 = a + ib, z2 = c + id.
In general, we cannot compare and say that z1> z2 or z1< z2
but if b, d = 0 and a > c then z1> z2
i.e. we can compare two complex numbers only if they are
purely real.
 0 + i 0 is additive identity of a complex number.
 –z = –a –ib is called the Additive Inverse or negative of z = a + ib
 1 + i 0 is multiplicative identity of complex number.
1 a  ib z
 z 1   2 2
 2 is called the multiplicative Inverse of
z a b z
z = a + ib (a  0, b  0)
 z  a  ib is called conjugate of z = a + ib
 The coordinate plane that represents the complex numbers is

called the complex plane or the Argand plane
 |z1 + z2|  |z1| + |z2|; |z1 – z2|  |z1| – |z2|
z1 | Z1 |
 |z1z2| = |z1|. |z2|; 
z2 | Z 2 |
n
 zn = z ; z = z = –z = –z
z  z
 ( z1  z2 )  z1  z2 ;  1   1
 z2  z2
 ( z n )  ( z )n
 z . z  | z |2
 For the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c
=0, a, b, c  R, a  0,if b2 – 4ac < 0
then it will have complex roots given by,
b  i 4ac  b2
x
2a
10 20
1. Write the value of i  i  i  i 30
2. Write the additive Inverse of 6i  i 49
3. Write the multiplicative Inverse of 1  4 3 i
2i
4. Write the conjugate of
(1  2i ) 2
1
5. Write in the form of a  ib :
2  3
6. Multiply 2  3 i by its conjugate.
7. What is the least integral value of K which makes the roots of

2
the equation x  5 x  k  0 imaginary?
8. Find the real value of ‘a’ for which 3i 3 – 2 ai 2  (1  a )i is real.

4 n 3
9. Find the value of  1   , when n  N.
10. If a complex number lies in the third quadrant, then find the
quadrant of it’s conjugate.
11. Find the value of –25 × –9
12. Evaluate :
(i) 16  3 25  36  625
(ii) i 16  i 25  49  i 49  14
3
(iii) i 77
 i 70  i87  i 414 
(3  5i )(3  5i)
(iv)
( 3  2i )  ( 3  2i )
13. Find x and y if (x + iy) (2 – 3i) = 4 + i.
i 4 n1  i 4 n1
14. If n is any positive integer, write value of
2
15. If z1 = 2(cos 30° + i sin 30°), z2= 3(cos 60 + i sin 30°)
Find Re (z1z2)
16. If z  4  3 then find the greatest and least values of z 1 .
17. Find the real value of a for which 3i 3  2ai 2  (1  a)i  5 is real.
1 i
18. If x + iy = prove that x2 + y2 = 1
1 i
1  i cos 
19. Find real value of  such that, is a real number.
1  2i cos 
z  5i
20. If  1 show that z is a real number.
z  5i
1  i  x  2i   2  3i  y  i  i
21. Find real value of x and y if .
3i 3i
22. If (1  i)(1  2i)(1  3i).......(1 ni)  x  iy .

Show, 2.5.10..........(1 n2 )  x 2  y 2
23. If z = 2 – 3i show that z2 – 4z + 13 = 0, hence find the value of

4z3 – 3z2 + 169.
3 3
1 i   1 i 
24. If      a  ib , find a and b.
 1 i  1 i 
z1
25. For complex numbers z1 = 6 + 3i, z2 = 3 – i find .
z2
n
 2  2i 
26. If    1 , find the least positive integral value of n
 2  2i 
1
x y
  4a  b  .
2 2
27. If  x  iy  3  a  ib prove  
a b
28. Solve
2
 
(i) x  3 2  2i x  6 2i  0 (ii) ix2 – 4x – 4i = 0
29. Solve |z + 1| = z + 2(1 + i)
30. If | z 2 1|  | z |2 1, then show that z lies on imaginary axis.
[Hint: Take z = x + iy]
z 2
31. Show that  2 represent a circle find its centre and radius.
z 3
2
32. Find all non-zero complex number z satisfying z  iz .
33. If iz3 + z2 – z + i = 0 then show that | z | = 1.
2 z1
34. If z1, z2 are complex numbers such that, is purely imaginary
3 z2
z1  z2
number then find .
z1  z2
35. If z1 and z2 are complex numbers such that,

2 2
1  z1 z2  z1  z22  k 1  z1  2
1  z  . Find value of k.
2
2
2
36. Find number of solutions of z 2  z  0 .
z1  3 z 2
37. If z1, z2 are complex numbers such that  1 and z 2  1
3  z1 . z 2
then find z1 .
38. Evaluate x4 – 4x3 + 4x2 + 8x + 44, When x = 3 + 2i
1 iz
39. If z = x + iy and w  show that if |w| = 1 then z is purely real.
z i
2
 1 i   1 3 i   1  (2n  1) 2 i  a  ib
40. If  
2   2 
 ........   2  then show
 1 2 i   1 4 i   1  (2n) i  c  id
2 82 1  (2n  1)4 a 2  b2
that   .......  2 .
17 257 1  (2n )4 c  d2
41. Find the values of x and y for which complex numbers –3 + ix2y
and x2 + y + 4i are conjugate to each other.
42. Show that the complex number z1, z2 and z3 satisfying

z1  z3 1  i 3
 are the vertices of a equilateral triangle.
z 2  z3 2
7z z
43. If f ( z )  where z  1  2 i then show that f ( z )  .
1 z2 2
44. If z1, z2, z3 are complex numbers such that
1 1 1
z1  z2  z3     1 then find the value of z1  z2  z3
z1 z2 z3
45. While solving a typical equation a person finds that one of the
1  2i
root of the equation is a complex number z  , help him to
1  3i
find
i. The standard form of z
1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i
(a)   (b)  (c)  – (d) 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
ii. If z  2 x  (4  y )i , then
1 7 1 7
(a) x  , y  (b) x   , y 
4 2 4 2
1 7 1 7
(c) x  , y   (d) x   , y  
4 2 4 2
iii. Conjugate of Z is
1  2i 1  2i 1  2i 1  2i
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1  3i 1  3i 1  3i 1  3i
iv. The modulus of z is
(a)1/3 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/ 2 (d) 1/ 3
v. z lies in
(a) I quadrant (b) II quadrant
(c) III quadrant (d) IV quadrant
46. ( 2)( 3) is equal to
(a) 6 (b)  6
(c) i 6 (d) None of these
(a 2  1) 2
47. If  x  iy , x 2  y 2 is equal to
2a  i
4
( a 2  1) (a  1)2
(a) (b)
4a 2  1 4a 2  1
( a 2  1) 2
(c) (d) None of these
(4 a 2  1) 2
1
48. If z = , then Re(z) =
1  cos   i sin 
(a) 0 (b) ½
(c) cot /2 (d) ½ cot /2
7z
49. If f(z) = , where z = 1 + 2i, then |f(z)| is
1 z2
|z|
(a) (b) |z|
2
(c) 2|z| (d) None of these
50. The value of (1  i)4  (1  i)4 is
(a) 8 (b) 4
(c) – 8 (d) – 4
51. The equation | z  1  i |  | z 1  i | represent a
(a) Straight line (b) Circle
(c) Parabola (d) Hyperbola

i 4 n 1  i 4 n 1
52. The value of is
2
(a) 2i (b) –2i
(c) i (d) –i
53. If three complex number z1, z2 and z3 are in A.P, then points
representing them lies on
(a) Circle (b) Parabola
(c) Hyperbola (d) Straight line
2 3
54. The sum of series i  i  i  ... up to 1000 terms is
(a) 0 (b) i
(c) –i (d) None of these
z1
55. If z1  3  i 3, z 2  3  i , then the point lies in
z2
(c) III quadrant (d) IV quadrant
56. If i  1 then 1 + i2 + i3 – i6 + i8 is equal to
(a) 2 – i (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) –1
1  2i
57. The complex number lies in which of the complex plane
1 i
ci
58. If where a, b, c are real, than a2 + b2 =
ci
(a) 1 (b) –1
2
(c) c (d) – c2
59. If the conjugate of (x + iy) (1 – 2i) be 1 + i, then
1 3
(a) x  (b) y
5 5
1 i 1 i
(c) x  iy  (d) x  iy 
1  2i 1  2i
60. If |z2 – 1| = |z|2 + 1, then z lies on
(a) An ellipse (b) The imaginary axis
(c) A circle (d) The rea axis
61. If z = 1 + i, then the multiplicative inverse of z2 is (where
i= 1 )
(a) 2 i (b) 1–i
(c) – i/2 (d) i/2
alternative choices, only one which is the correct answer. You have to
select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct, reason is a correct
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct, reason is not a correct
(c) Assertin is correct, reason is incorrect.
z1
62. Assertion: If|z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 |+ |z2|2, then is purely imaginary.
z2
Reason: If z is purely imaginary, then z  z  0
63. Assertion: Consider z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such
z 
that | z1 || z2 |  | z1  z2 |, then Im  1   0.
 z2 
Reason: arg(z) = 0  z is purely real.
64. Assertion: If P and Q are the points in the plant XOY
representing the complex numbers z1 and z2 respectively than
distance |PQ| = |Z2 – Z1|
Reason: Locus of the point P(z) satisfying |z – (2 + 3i)| = 4 is a
straight line.
65. Assertion: The equation ix2 – 3ix + 2i = 0 has non-real roots.
Reason: If a, b, c are real and b2 – 4ac > 0, then the roots of the
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are real and if b2 – 4ac < 0, then roots
of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are non-real.
ANSWERS
1. –1  i 2. –7 – 6i
1 4 3i –2 11i
3. – 4. +
49 49 25 25
2 i 3
5. 6. 13
7 7
7. 7 8. –2
9. –i 10. First
11. –15
12. (i) 0 (ii) 19
7
(iii) –8 (iv) i
2
5 14
13. x , y 14. i
13 13
15. 0 (zero) 16. 6 and zero
17. a = –2

19.   (2 n  1)
2
21. x = 3, y = –1
23. zero 24. a = 0, b = –2
z1 3(1  i )
25.  26. n = 4
z2 2
28. (i) 3 2 and  2i (ii) –2i, –2i
29. ½, –2i
2
31. radius=
3
3 1 3 1
32. z  0, i ,  i,   i
2 2 2 2
34. 1
35. K=1
36. Infinitely many solutions of the form z  0  iy; y  R
37. z1  x 2  y 2 [Hint: |z|2 = z × z ]
38. 5
40. When x = 1, y = –4 or x = –1, y = –4

41. 1 (one)
44. 1 [Hint: |z|2 = z × z , | z | = |z|]
45. i. (a) ii. (b) iii. (d) iv. (c) v. (b)
46. (b) 47. (a) 48. (b) 49. (a)
50. (c) 51. (a) 52. (c) 53. (d)
54. (a) 55. (d) 56. (a) 57. (b)
58. (a) 59. (c) 60. (b) 61. (c)
62. (b) 63. (a) 64. (c) 65. (d)
CHAPTER - 5
LINEAR INEQUALITIES
KEY POINTS
 Inequalities: A statement involving ‘<’, ‘>’,‘’or ‘’is called
inequality.
 Inequalities which do not involve variables are called

numerical inequalities.
 Inequalities which involve variables are called literal
inequalities.
Eg., 3x – 4  15 and 4x – 3y  5
 Inequalities involving the symbols ‘>’ or ‘<’ are called strict
inequalities.
 Inequalities involving the symbols ‘’ or ‘’ are called slack

inequalities.
 Linear inequalities in one variable: The inequalities of form

ax + b > 0, ax + b < 0, ax + b  0 or ax + b  0; a ≠ 0 are called
linear inequalities in one variable.
The set of real numbers which satisfy a given linear in equality is
called the solution set of the inequality.
 Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variables:

 Rule-1
Equal numbers may be added (or subtracted from) to both
sides without affecting sign of inequalities.
 Rule-2
(i) If both sides of inequality are multiplied (or divided) by
same positive number, then sign of inequality remains
unchanged.
(ii) If both sides are multiplied (or divided) by any negative
number, then sign of inequality is reversed.
 Graphical representation of solutions on number line:
(i) x > a  a < x <  x (a, ) 
(ii) x < a  –< x < a  x (–, a) 
(iii) x  a  a  x <  x [a, ) 
(iv) x  a  –< x  a  x (–, a] 
(v) a <x < b  x (a, b) 
(vi) a x  b  x [a, b] 
 Linear inequalities in two variables: The inequalities of form

ax + by + c > 0, ax + by + c < 0, ax + by + c  0 or ax + by + c  0
are linear inequalities in two variables. (a, b ≠ 0)
Eg., 4x – 3y < 15 and – 4x + 15y + 3  4
 Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables
 A line divides the Cartesian plane into two parts. Each part
is known as a half plane.
 The region containing all the solutions of the inequality is
called solution region.
 In order to identify the half plane represented by an
inequality (solution region), it is just sufficient to take any
point (a, b) not on the line and check whether it satisfy the
inequality or not.
(i) If it satisfies, then the regions containing that point
(a, b) is solution region.
(ii) If it does not satisfy, then the other region is solution
region.
 If inequality contains ‘’ or ‘’, then points on line ax + by = c
are also included in solution region. In this case we draw
dark line while sketching graph of ax + by = c.
 If inequality contains ‘>’ or ‘<’, then points on line ax + by = c
are not included in solution region. In this case we draw
dotted line while sketching graph of ax + by = c.
Note: While solving system of linear inequalities in two

variables, the common of solution regions of each inequality is
solution region of system.
Inequality
Two numbers of expression related by the
symbols >, <, ,  from an inequality
Numerical Inequality Literal Inequality Slack inequality Strict inequality

which involve number which have variables inequality with inequality with
5 > 3, 2 < 4 x > 3, y  4 ,  sign >, < sign
Liner Inequality:
Variable occur only in 1st degree and the is no product of variables
Solution of inequality:
Variable of variables which make inequality true.
Rules for Solving inequality Important Result

1. Equal numbers may be added or 1. If | x | < a, –a < x < a
subtracted from both side of If | x | > a, x > a or x < a
inequality 2. If x2  a2 , x  or x  a
2. Equal positive numbers may be
multiplied and divided from both If x2  a2 , –a  x  a
side of inequality
3. When we multiplied and divide
equal negative numbers from both
side of inequality sign of inequality
reversed.
1. Solve 5x < 24 when x  N
2. Solve 3 – 2x < 9 when x R. Express the solution in the form of

interval.
3. Show the graph of the solution of 2x – 3 > x – 5 on number line.
–x
4. Solve 0 < < 1, x R
3
5. Solve –3  –3x + 2 < 4, x  R.
6. Draw the graph of the solution set of x + y  4.
7. Draw the graph of the solution set of x < y.

x2
8. Solve the inequality for real x:  0.
x2

(x –1)(x – 2)
9. Solve 0 , x R.
(x – 3)(x – 4)
x+3
10. Solve > 0, x  R.
x –1
Solve the inequalities for real x and represent solution on

number line
2x – 3 4x
11. + 9 3 + , x R.
4 3
2x + 3 x–4
12. –3< – 2, x R.
4 3
2 – 3x
13. –5  9, x  R.
4
x+3
14. >0, xR
x–2
x–3
15. >2
x–5
2x – 1 3x – 2 2–x
16.  –
3 4 5
2x + 3
17. 4
x–3
18. Find the pair of consecutive even positive integers which are
greater than 5 and are such that their sum is less than 20.
19. A company manufactures cassettes and its cost and revenue
functions are C(x) = 26000 + 30x and R(x) = 43x respectively,
where x is number of cassettes produced and sold in a week.
How many cassettes must be sold per week to realise some
profit. [Profit = R(x) – C(x)]
20. While drilling a hole in the earth, it was found that the
temperature (T°C) at x km below the surface of the earth was
given by T = 30 + 25(x – 3), when3  x  15.
Between which depths will the temperature be between 200°C
and 300°C?
21. The water acidity in a pool is considered normal when the

average PH reading of their daily measurements is between
7.2 and 7.8. If the first two PH reading are 7.48 and 7.85. Find
the range of PH value for the 3rd reading that will result in acidity
level being normal.
Solve the following systems of inequalities for all x  R

2x – 3 4x
22. 2(2x + 3) – 10 < 6(x – 2), + 6  4+
4 3
23. 2x – 3  11, x–2 3
4x 9 3 7x – 1 7x + 2
24. – < x+ , – >x
3 4 4 3 6
x –1
25. Solve  0 x  R, x  ±2
x –2
26. In the first four papers each of 100 marks, Rishi got 95, 72, 73,
83 marks. If he wants an average of greater than or equal to 75
marks be should score in fifth paper.
27. A milkman has 80% milk in this stock of 800 litres of adultered
milk. How much 100% pure milk is to be added to it so that
purity is between 90% and 95%?
5x 3x 39 2x – 1 x –1 3x +1
28. + > , – <
4 8 8 12 3 4
x 1 6x 1
29.  , <
2x + 1 4 4x – 1 2
30. 5(2x – 7) – 3(2x + 3)  0 and 2x + 19  6x + 45.

31. A company produced cassettes, one cassette Cost Company
Rs. 30 and also an additional fixed cost 26000 per week. The
company sold each Cassette at Rs. 43. If x is number of
cassettes produced and sold by the company in a week. From
the following information find
i. The cost function of the company

(a) 26000 + 30x (b) 26000+43x
(c) 30 +26000x (d) 43 + 26000x
ii. The revenue function of the company
(a) 30x (b) 26000x
(c) 43x (d) 13x
iii. The profit function of the company

(a) –26000 + 73x (b) –26000+ 13x
(c) 26000+43x (d) 26000+ 30x
iii. How many cassettes must be produced by the company in a

week to realize some profit?
(a) more than 2000 (b) less than 2000
(c) more than 5000 (d) less than 5000
iv. If company incurred an additional cost of Rs. 3 on each

cassette per week. How many cassettes must be produced
by the company in a week so that there is no profit no loss?
(a) 2000 (b) 5000
(c) 2600 (d) 1000
32. A and B tried to find the solution of the inequality |x – 1| + |x – 2|
 4. Help them to find the solution of the inequality
i. When x < 1
(a)(–, –1/2) (b)(–, –1)
(c)(–, –1/2] (d)(–, 1/2)
ii. When 1x<2
(a)(–,) (b)(–, –1)
(c) Infinite solution (d) no solution
iii. When 2x<
(a)(–,) (b) (7/2, )
(c) [7/2, ) (d) no solution
iv. When x  R
(a)(–, –1/2]  [7/2, ) (b) (–, –1/2) [7/2, )
(c)(–, –1/2]  (7/2, ) (d) (–, –7/2]  [1/2, )
v. When x > 4
(a)(–, 4) (b) (–, 4]
(c) (4, ) (d) [4, )
33. A student have solution of 640 litres of 8% boric acid. He wants
to dilute it by using 2% solution of boric acid.
(a) How many minimum litres of 2% boric acid he must add so
that resulting solution have more than 4% boric acid?
(b) How many minimum litres 2% boric acid he must add so that
resulting soltution have less than 6% boric acid?
(c) How many litres of water he must add so that resulting
solution have more 4% but less than 6% of boric acid?
34. If |x + 3| > 10, then
(a) x  (– 13, 7] (b) x  (–13, 7]
(c) x  (– , – 13]  [7, ) (d) x  [– , – 13]  [7, )
| x 7|
35. If  0, then
( x  7)
(a) x  [7, ) (b) x  (7, )

(c) x  (– , 7) (d) x  (– , 7]
36. If –4x > 20 and x  z+ then x belongs to -

(a) {–6, –7, –8, ……..} (b) 
(c) {–4, –3, –2, –1} (d) {1, 2, 3, 4, ……..}.
x–3
37. If > 0 then x belongs to -
x–2
(a) (–, 3)  (5, ) (b) (–, –3)  (–5, )
(c) (–, 3]  [5, ) (d) (3, 5)
38. Solution set for inequality |x – 1|  5 is -

(a) [–6, 4] (b) [–4, 0]
(c) [–4, 6] (d) [0, 6].
1
39. Solution set for inequality < 0 is -
x–2
(a) (2, ) (b) 
(c) (0, 2) (d) (–, 2).
40. Solution set for inequality 5x – 3 < 3x + 1, x  N is -

(a) (–, 2) (b) {0, 1, 2}
(c) {1} (d) .
41. Which of the following point lies in solution region of inequality

3x – y  5 ?
(a) (5, 1) (b) (1, 5)
(c) (2, 0) (d) (2, –1).
42. If x > 0 and y < 0 then (x, y) lies in -

(c) III quadrant (d) IV quadrant.
43. If x2> 9 then x belongs to -

(a) (–3, 3) (b) (0, 3)
(c) (3, ) (d) (–, –3)  (3, ).
44. Solution set for inequality –8x  5x – 3 < 7 is -

(a) (–1, 2) (b) (2, 3)
(c) [–1, 2) (d) [2, 3].
45. The graph of the inequalities
x  0, y  0, 2x + y + 6  0 is
(a) a triangle (b) a square
(c) { } (d) none of these
Directions: Each of these questions contains two statements Assertion
codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is correct
45. Assertion: The inequality ax + by < 0 is strict inequality.
Reason: The inequality ax + b > 0 is slack inequality.
46. Assertion: The inequality ax + by < 0 is strict inequality.
Reason: The inequality ax + b > 0 is slack inequality.
a b
47. Assertion: If a < b, c < 0, then  .
c c
Reason: If both sides are divided by the same negative quantity,
then the inequality is reversed.
 4   14 
48. Assertion: |3x – 5| > 9  x  ,    , 
 3 3 
Reason: The region containing all the solutions of an inequality

is called the solution region.
49. Assertion: A line divides the Cartesian plane in two part(s).
Reason: If a point P() on the line ax + by = c, then a + b =
c.
50. Assertion: Each part in which a line divides the Cartesian
plane, is known as half plane.
Reason: A point in the Cartesian palne will either lie on a line or
will lie in either of half plane I or II.
ANSWERS
1. {1,2,3,4} 2. (–3, )
3. –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
 –2 5 
4. –3 < x < 0 5. 
 3 3 
Y Y
6. Y Y
7 x=y
(0, 4) x=y
x+ (0, 4)
.
y x+
X¢ X Xy 8 X¢
X¢ X X X¢
(4, 0) .
(4, 0)
Y¢ Y¢
Y¢ Y¢
8. [2, –] 9. [–, –1]  [2, 3]  (4, )

10. (–, –3)  (1, )
 63   –13 
11.  – , 12.  – , 
 10   2 
 –34 22 
13.  3 , 3  14. (–, –3)  (2, )
15. (5, 7) 16. (–, 2]
17. (–, –3)  (2, ) 18. (6, 8) and (8, 10)
19. More than 2000 cassettes 20. Between 9.8 m and 13.8 m
21. Between 6.27 and 8.07. 22. Solution set =
23. [–4, –1]  [5, 7] 24. (4, 9)
25. [–1, 1]  (–, –2)  (2, )
26. He must score greater than or equal to 52 and less than 77.
27. Between 100 litre and 150 litre
28. (3, )
29. Number solution
30. [–7, 11]
31. i. (a) ii. (c) iii. (b) iv. (a) v. (c)
32. i. (c) ii. (d) iii. (c) iv. (a) v. (c)
640
33. i. 1280 L ii. 320 L iii.  x  640
3
34. (d)
35. (b)
36. (b) 37. (a) 38. (c)
39. (d) 40. (c) 41. (b)
42. (d) 43. (d) 44. (c)
45. (c) 46. (b) 47. (d)
48. (b) 49. (b) 50. (b)
CHAPTER - 6
PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
KEY POINTS
 Fundamental principle of counting

 Multiplication Principle: If an event can occur in m different ways,
following which another event can occur in n different ways, then
the total no. of different ways of simultaneous occurrence of the
two events in order is m × n.
 Fundamental Principle of Addition: If there are two events such
that they can occur independently in m and n different ways
respectively, then either of the two events can occur in (m + n)
ways.
 Factorial: Factorial of a natural number n, denoted by n! or n is the

continued product of first n natural numbers.
n! = n × (n – 1) × (n – 2) × ……... × 3 × 2 × 1
= n × ((n – 1)!)
 Permutation:A permutation is an arrangement of a number of

objects in a definite order taken some or all at a time.
 The number of permutation of n different objects taken r at a time

where0  r  n and the objects do not repeat is denoted by nPr or
P(n, r) where,
n n!
Pr =
(n – r)!
 The number of permutations of n objects, taken r at a time, when
repetition of objects is allowed is nr.
 The number of permutations of n objects of which p1 are of one
kind, p2 are of second kind, …….. pk are of kth kind and the rest if
n!
any, are of different kinds, is
p1! p2 ! ....... pk!
 Combination:Each of the different selections made by choosing
some or all of a number of objects, without considering their order is
called a combination. The number of combination of n distinct
objects taken r at a time where,
n!
0  r  n, is denoted by nCr or C(n, r) where nCr =
r!(n – r)!
 Some important result:
(i) 0! = 1
n
(ii) C0 = nCn = 1
(iii) nCr = nCn–r where 0  r  n, and r are positive integers
(iv) nPr= n nCr where 0  r  n, r and n are positive integers.
n
(v) Cr + nCr+1 = n+1
Cr+1 where 0  r  n and r and N are positive
integers.
(vi) If nCa = nCb if either a = b or a + b = n
1. How many ways are there to arrange the letters of the word
“GARDEN” with the vowels in alphabetical order?
2. In how many ways 7 pictures can be hanged on 9 pegs?
3. Ten buses are plying between two places A and B. In how many
ways a person can travel from A to B and come back?
4. There are 10 points on a circle. By joining them how many chords
can be drawn?
5. There are 10 non collinear points in a plane. By joining them how

many triangles can be made?
6. If nP4 : nP2 = 12, find n.
7. How many different words (with or without meaning) can be made

using all the vowels at a time?
8. In how many ways 4 boys can be chosen from 7 boys to make a

committee?
9. How many different words can be formed by using all the letters of
word “SCHOOL”?
10. In an examination there are three multiple choice questions and

each question has 4 choices. Find the number of ways in which a
student can fail to get all answer correct.
11. A gentleman has 6 friends to invite. In how many ways can he

send invitation cards to them if he has three servants to carry the
cards?
12. If there are 12 persons in a party, and if each two of them Shake
hands with each other, how many handshakes happen in the
party?
13. If 20Cr = 20Cr-10 then find the value of 18Cr
14. Find n, n–1P3 : nP4 = 1 : 9.
15. If 22Pr+1 : 20
Pr+2 = 11 : 52, find r.
16. If nPr = 336, nCr = 56, find n and r. Hence find n–1Cr–1.
17. A convex polygon has 65 diagonals. Find number of sides of

polygon. (Hint: No. Of diagonals = nC2 – n)
18. In how many ways can a cricket team of 11 players be selected out
of 16 players, if two particular players are always to be selected?
19. From a class of 40 students, in how many ways can five students
be chosen for an excursion party.
20. In how many ways can the letters of the word “ABACUS” be
arranged such that the vowels always appear together?
21. If n C12 = nC13 then find the value of the 25 Cn .
22. In how many ways can the letters of the word “PENCIL” be
arranged so that I is always next to L.
23. In how many ways 12 boys can be seated on 10 chairs in a row so

that two particular boys always take seats of their choice.
24. In how many ways 7 positive and 5 negative signs can be arranged
in a row so that no two negative signs occur together?
25. From a group of 7 boys and 5 girls, a team consisting of 4 boys

and 2 girls is to be made. In how many different ways it can be
done?
26. A student has to answer 10 questions, choosing at least 4 from

each of part A and B. If there are 6 questions in part A and 7 in part
B. In how many ways can the student choose 10 questions?
27. Using the digits 0, 1, 2, 2, 3 how many numbers greater than

20000 can be made?
28. If the letters of the word ‘PRANAV’ are arranged as in dictionary in
all possible ways, then what will be 182 nd word.
29. From a class of 15 students, 10 are to chosen for a picnic. There

are two students who decide that either both will join or none of
them will join. In how many ways can the picnic be organized?
30. Using the letters of the word, ‘ARRANGEMENT’ how many

different words (using all letters at a time) can be made such that
both A, both E, both R and both N occur together.
31. A polygon has 35 diagonal. Find the number of its sides.
32. Determine the number of 5 cards combinations out of a pack of 52

cards if at least 3 out of 5 cards are ace cards?
33. How many words can be formed from the letters of the word
‘ORDINATE’ so that vowels occupy odd places?
34. Find the number of all possible arrangements of the letters of the
word “MATHEMATICS” taken four at a time.
35. A group consists of 4 girls and 7 boys. In how many ways can a
team of 5 members be selected if a team has:
(i) no girl
(ii) at least 3 girls
(iii) at least one girl and one boy?
36. In an election, these are ten candidates and four are to be elected.
A voter may vote for any number of candidates, not greater than
the number to be elected. If a voter vote for at least one candidate,
then find the number of ways in which he can vote.
37. Three married couples are to be seated in a row having six seats in
a cinema hall. If spouses are to be seated next to each other, in
how many ways can they be seated? Find also the number of ways
of their seating if all the ladies sit together.
38. Using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 how many 4 digit even numbers

can be made, no digit being repeated?
39. There are 15 points in a plane out of which only 6 are in a straight
line, then
(i) How many different straight lines can be made?
(ii) How many triangles can be made?
40. If there are 7 boys and 5 girls in a class, then in how many ways
they can be seated in a row such that
(i) No two girls sit together?
(ii) All the girls never sit together?
41. Using the letters of the word 'EDUCATION' how many words using
6 letters can be made so that every word contains atleast 4
vowels?
42. What is the number of ways of choosing 4 cards from a deck of 52

cards? In how many of these,
(i) 3 are red and 1 is black.
(ii) All 4 cards are from different suits.
(iii) Atleast 3 are face cards.
(iv) All 4 cards are of the same colour.
43. How many 3 letter words can be formed using the letters of the
word INEFFECTIVE?
44. How many different four letter words can be formed (with or without
meaning) using the letters of the word “MEDITERRANEAN” such
that the first letter is E and the last letter is R.
45. If all letters of word ‘MOTHER’ are written in all possible orders and
the word so formed are arranged in a dictionary order, then find the
rank of word ‘MOTHER’?
46. From 6 different novels and 3 different dictionaries, 4 novels and a

dictionary is to be selected and arranged in a row on the shelf so
that the dictionary is always in the middle. Then find the number of
such arrangements.
47. The set S= {1,2,3,…….12} is to be partitioned into three sets A, B,

and C of equal sizes. A  B  C = S, AB = BC =
CA = . Find the number of ways to partition S.
15 15
48. If C3 r : Cr 1 11 : 3, find r
49. Anita is doing an experiment in which she has to arrange the

alphabets of the word “HARYANA” in all possible orders and notes
the observations. Help her to find the answers of the following:-
i. Number of words starting with A
(a) 360 (b) 720
(c) 1440 (d) 2880
ii. Number of words having H at end
(a) 72 (b) 120
(c) 240 (d) 480
iii. Number of words having Hand N together

(a) 120 (b) 60
(c) 280 (d) 240
iv. Number of words having begin with H and end with N
(a) 0 (b) 24
(c) 60 d) 48
v. Number of words having vowels together
(a) 240 (b) 120
(c) 240 (d) 720
50. A Company wants to appoint 5 persons, 3 for post A and 2 for post
B for its upcoming officein Delhi. They have invited the applications
for the same. 14 candidates have applied for the postA and 13 have
applied for the post B
i. Find the total number of ways in which the company can make a
selection for all the posts.
(a) 5! (b) C(14,3).C(13,2)
(c) P(13,2)P(14,3) (d) none of these
ii. Find the number of ways of selecting one woman for each post, if
3 women have applied for post A and 7 women have applied for
post B
(a) 6 (b) 21
(c) 930 (d) 182
iii. On the day of interview, the candidates were seated in a hall
having two chambers. The chairs in both the chambers are
placed in line. If the candidates for the two posts are to be seated
in two different chambers. Find the total number of ways in which
all the candidate can be seated.
(a) 3!2! (b) 11!11!
(c) 14!13! (d) 14! × 13! × 2
iv. During appointment procedure they came to know about a

candidate whose resume is excellent and should be selected for
the post B. In how many ways can the total selections now be
made?
(a) 12 × C(14,3) (b) 4
(c) 168 (d) 13 × C(13,3)
v. While checking the applications the management observed that

one candidate each who have applied for post A and B are not fit
for the job. So they cannot be appointed. In how many ways can
now the post is filled?
(a) 2184 (b) 24024
(c) 18876 (d) 1716
Multiple Answer Type Questions
51. What is the number of ways of arrangement of letters of word

‘BANANA’ so that no two N’s are together -
(a) 40 (b) 60
(c) 80 (d) 100.
52. What is the value of n, if P(15, n – 1) : P(16, n – 2) = 3 : 4 ?
(a) 10 (b) 12
(c) 14 (d) 15.
53. The number of words which can be formed from the letters of the
word MAXIMUM, if two consonants can’t occur together is -
(a) 4! (b) 3! × 4!
(c) 7! (d) None of these.
54. If 7 points out of 12 are in the same straight line, then what is the
number of triangles formed?
(a) 84 (b) 175
(c) 185 (d) 201
55. In how many ways can be bowler take four wickets in a single 6
balls over?
(a) 6 (b) 15
(c) 20 (d) 30.
56. What is the number of signals that can be sent by 6 flags of

different colours taking one or more at a time?
(a) 45 (b) 63
(c) 720 (d) 1956.
57. There are 6 letters and 3 post boxes. The number of wages in
which these letters can be posted is –
(a) 63 (b) 36
6 6
(c) P3 (d) C3.
58. If mC1 = nC2, then –

(a) 2m = n (b) 2m = n(n + 1)
(c) 2m = n(n – 1) (d) 2n = m(m – 1).
59. nCr + nCr+1 = n+1Cx , then x = ?
(a) r (b) r–1
(c) n (d) r + 1.
43
60. Cr–6 = 43C3r+1, then value of r is –
(a) 12 (b) 8
(c) 6 (d) 10.
n n–1
61. If Ps = 60 P3 the value of n is
(a) 6 (b) 10
(c) 1 (d) 16
62. The number of ways 10 digit numbers can be written using the
digits 1 and 2 is
(a) 210 (b) 10
C2
10
(c) 10! (d) C1 + 9C2
63. The number of ways in which 8 students can be seated in a line is
(a) 5040 (b) 50400
(c) 40230 (d) 40320
64. There are 10 true-false questions in an examination. These
questions can be answered in
(a) 20 ways (b) 100 ways
(c) 512 ways (d) 1024 ways
65. In how many ways can we paint the six faces of a cube with six
different colours?
(a) 30 (b) 6
(c) 6! (d) None of these
Directions: Each of these questions constains two statements,
to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) givne below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct
(d) Assertion in incorrect, reason is correct.
66. Assertion: If the letters W.I.F.E are arranged in a row in all
possible ways and the words (with or without meaning) so formed
are written as in a dictionary, then the word WIFE occurs in the 24 th
position.
Reason: The number of ways of arranging four distinct objects
taken all at a time is C(4, 4).
67. Assertion: A number of four different digits is formed with the help
of the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 in all possible ways. Then, number of
numbers are exactly divisible by 4 is 200.
Reason: A number divisible by 4, if unit place digit is divisible by 4.
68. Assertion: Product of five consecutive natural numbers is divisible

by 4!
Reason: Product of n consecutive natural number is divisible by (n
+ 1)!
69. Assertion: The number of ways of distributing 10 identical balls in
4 distinct boxes such that no box is empty is 9C3.
Reason: The number of ways of choosing any 3 places, from 9
different places is 9C3.
70. Assertion: A five digit number divisible by 3 is to be formed using
the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with repetition. The total number
formed are 216.
Reason: If sum of digits of any number is divisible by 3 then the
number must be divisible by 3.

ANSWERS
6! 9!
1. = 360 2.
2 2!
3. 100 4. 45
5. 120 6. n=6
7. 120 8. 35
9. 360 10. 63
11. 36=729 12. 66
13. 816 14. n = 9

15. r = 7 16. n = 8, r = 3 and 21
17. 13 18. 2002
3!
19. 40C5 20. × 4!
2!
21. 1 22. 120
23. 90 × 10P8 24. 56
25. 350 26. 266
27. 36 28. PAANVR

13
29. C10 + 13C8 30. 5040
31. 10 32. 4560
33. 576 34. 2454
35. (i) 21; (ii) 91; (iii) 441

10
36. C1 + 10 C2 + 10 C3 + 10 C4 37. 48,144
38. 420 39. (i)91
40. (i)7! × 8P5 (ii)435
(ii)12! – 8! × 5!
41. 24480
52
42. C4
26
(i) C1 × 26C3
(ii) (13)4
(iii) 9295 (Hint : Face cards : 4J + 4K + 4Q)
(iv) 2 × 26C4
43. 265 (Hint : make 3 cases i.e.

(i) All 3 letters are different
(ii) 2 are identical 1 different
(iii) All are identical, then form the words.)
44. 59
45. 309
46. 4! 6 C 4 3 C1
12
47. C4 8 C4 4 C4
48. r = 3
49. i. (a) ii. (b) iii. (c) iv. (a) v. (b)
50. i. (b) ii. (c) iii. (d) iv. (a) v. (c)

51. (a) 52. (c) 53. (a)
54. (c) 55. (b) 56. (b)
57. (b) 58. (c) 58. (d)
60. (a) 61. (b) 62. (a)
63. (d) 64. (d) 65. (a)
66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (c)
69. (a) 70. (d)

CHAPTER - 7
BINOMIAL THEOREM
KEY POINTS
 Binomial Theorem for Positive Integers :

 (x + y)n = nC0xny0 + nC1 xn–1 y1 + nC2 xn–2 y2 + ………….
…………. + nCr xn–r yr + …………. nCn x0 yn,
Where n is any positive integer.
n
 It is written as ( x  y )n   n cr x n r y r
r0
 Total number of terms in expansion (x + y)n is (n + 1)

 General Term = Tr+1 = nCrxn–r yr, where 0 ≤ r ≤ n.
 Middle Term :
 If n is even, then there is only one middle term
th
M.T. = 
 n  term
+ 1
2 
 If n is odd, then there are two middle terms
th
First
 n + 1  term
M.T. =  
 2 
th
Second
 n + 1  term
M.T. =  + 1
 2 

 Some important observations :
 In expansion (x + y)n
n
Cr , nCr 1,... nC0 are called binomial coefficients
 Sum of indices of x and y is n in each of the expansion.
 Tr+1 = [(r + 1)th term from beginning] = nCr xn–r yr
 Tr+1 = [(r + 1)th term from end] = nCn–r xr yn–r
 ( x  y )n  ( 1)r nCr x n  r y r
n
 (1  x )n   n cr x r
r 0
n
 (1  x )n   ( 1)r n cr x r
r 0
No. of Terms
= n +1
General Expansion General Term

(x + y)n = n C0 xny0 + n C1xn–1.y1 + ... + nCn x0 yn Tr+1 = n Cr x n–r yr
Middle terms
Binomial Theorem th
n 
if n is even =  2  1 
th
 n  1
if n is odd =  
 2 
Expansion n No. of term th
n n  n  1
(x + a) + (x – a) odd (n+1)/2 and  
 2 
(x + a)n – (x – a)n odd (n+1)/2
(x + a) n + (x – a)n even (n+2)/2
(x + a)n – (x – a)n even n/2 m th term from end
= (n – m + 2)th term
from beginning

7
1. Write number of terms in the expansion of  2x + y   3 4
.
6
 x a
2. Expand  –  using binomial theorem.
 a x 
3. Write value of
2n–1
C5 + 2n–1C6 + 2n C7 use  n Cr + n Cr-1 = n+1
Cr 
4. Which term is greater (1.2)4000 or 800?

15
-17  1 
5. Find the coefficient of x ,in the expansion of  x 4 – 3  .
 x 
6. Find the sum of the coefficients in (x + y)8
[Hint : Put x = 1, y = 1]
7. If nCn–3 = 720, find n.
8. Find number of terms in expansion of (–2x + 3y)17.

9
 1 
9. Find term independent of x in expansion of  x – 2 
 3x 
10
 1
10. Find the middle term in the expansion of  x + 
 x
5
 
11. If the coefficient of x in  x 2 +  is 270, then find .
 x
12. Find the coefficient of x5 in (x + 3)8

9
th  x3 2 
13. Find 4 term from the end in expansion of  – 2 
2 x 
14. Find number of terms in (x + y)5 + (x – y)5
15. Find coefficient f x5 in (1 + x)10
16. Find number of terms in
(i) (3x – y)10 + (3x + y)10
(ii) (2x + y)8 – (2x – y)8
(iii) (x + 5y)15 – (x – 5y)15
(iv) (5x – y)9 + (5x – y)9
17. Using Binomial Theorem, Evaluate.
(i) 963 [Hint (100 – 4)3] (ii) (101)4 (iii) (10.1)5

18. How many term are free from radical signs in the expansion
55
 51 1
10

of  x + y  .
 
10
 1
19. Find the constant term in expansion of  x –  .
 x
20. Find 4th term from end in the expansion of find the value of
9
 x3 2 
 – 2 .
 2 x 
21. Find middle term in the expansion of (x – 2y)8.
22. Which term is independent of x in the expansion of

10
 3 1 
 3x – 3  .
 2x 

25
 1 
23. Find the 11th term from end in expansion of  2x – 2  .
 x 
24. If the first three terms in the expansion of (a + b)n are 27, 54 and
36 respectively, then find a, b and n.
18
 1
25. In  3x 2 –  which term contains x12.
 x
10
 x 3 
26. In  +  find the term independent of x.
2 
 3 2x 
5 5
27. Evaluate  2 +1 –   
2 –1 using binomial theorem.
28. In the expansion of (1 + x2)8, find the difference between the

coefficients of x6 and x4.
29. Find the coefficients of x4 in (1 – x)2 (2 + x)5 using binomial
theorem.
30. Show that32n + 2 – 8n – 9 is divisible by 8. [32n + 2 = 9.9n = 9(1 + 8)n]
10
 k 
31. If the term free from x in the expansion of  x + 2  is 405. Find
 x 
the value of k.
32. Find the number of integral terms in the expansion of

1 1024
 21 8

 5 + 7  .
 
33. If a, b, c and d in any binomial expansion be the 6th, 7th, 8thand

b2 – ac 4a
9thterms respectively, then prove that 2 = .
c – bd 3c

34. If in the expansion of (1 +x)n, the coefficients of three consecutive
of three consecutive terms are 56, 70 and 56. Then find n and the
position of terms of these coefficients.
35. Show that 24n + 4 – 15n – 16 where n  N is divisible by 225. [24n + 4

= 24.24x = 16(1 + 15)n]
36. If the coefficients of three consecutive terms in the expansion of

(1 + x)n are in the ratio 1:3:5, then show that n = 7.
37. Show that the coefficient of middle term in the expansion of

(1 + x)20 is equal to the sum of the coefficients of two middle terms
in the expansion of (1 + x)19.
38. Find the value of r, if the coefficient of (2r + 4)th term and (r – 2)th
term in the expansion of (1 + x)18 are equal.
39. Prove that there is no term involving x6 in the expansion of

11
 2 3
 2x –  .
 x
40. The coefficient of three consecutive terms in the expansion of

(1 + x)n are in the ratio 1 : 6 : 30. Find n.
41. Show that the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of product

(1 + 2x)6 (1 – x)7 is 171.
42. If the 3rd, 4th and 5th terms in the expansion of (x + a)n are 84, 280
and 560 respectively then find the values of a, x and n.
11 11
 1  1 
43. If the coefficients of x7 in  ax 2 +  and x–7 in  ax – 2  are
 bx   bx 
equal, then show that ab = 1.

n
 1 
44. In the expansion of  3 2 + 3  , the ratio of 7th term from the
 3
th
beginning to the 7 term from the end is 1:6 , find n.
45. If p is a real number and if middle term in the expansion of

8
p 
 2  2 is 1120, find p.
46. If a1, a2, a3 and a4 are the coefficients of any four consecutive
terms inthe expansion of (1 + x)n
a1 a3 2a2
Prove that + = .
a 1 + a 2 a3 + a 4 a 2 + a3
47. Find the remainder left out when 82n – (62)2n+1 is divided by 9.
6 6 6
48. Find the value of   
2 +1 – 
2 –1 and show that  
2 +1 lies
between 197 and 198.
49. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of : (1 + x + 2x3)

9
3 2 1 
 x – x .
2 3 
50. If the coefficients of rth, (r+1)th and (r+2)th terms in the expansion
of (1 + x)4are in A.P find the value of r.
51. If the expansion of (1 – x)2n–1, the coefficients of xr is denoted by

ar, then prove a(r–1) + a(2n–r) = 0.
52. If the coefficient of 5th, 6th and 7th terms in the expansion of
(1 + x)n are in A.P., then find the value of n.
53. The coefficients of 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms in the expansion of
(1 + x)2n are in A.P. Prove that 2n2 – 9n + 7 = 0.

2n
 1
54. Show that the middle term in the expansion of  x – is
 x 
1 3  5.....(2n – 1)
(–2n)n .
n!
55. If n is a positive integer, find the coefficient of x–1 in the expansion

n
 1
of (1  x )n  1 
 x 

10
 1
56. The middle term of  2x – is -
 3x 
10 24 25
10
(a) C4 4 (b) – C5 5
3 3
24 25
(c) –10 C4 (d) 10
C5 .
35 35
57. For all n  N, 24m – 15n – 1 is divisible by -

(a) 125 (b) 225
(c) 450 (d) 625.
58. What is the coefficient of xn in (x2 + 2x)n–1 ?

(a) (n – 1) 2(n – 1) (b) (n – 1) × 2(n – 1)
(c) (n – 1) 2n (d) n . 2(n – 1).
11
 m
59. The coefficient of x–3 in the expansion of  x –  is –
 x
(a) – 924 m7 (b) – 792 m5
(c) – 792 m6 (d) – 330 m7.

9
 1
60. In the expansion of  x 2 – , the term without x is equal to -
 3x 
28 –28
(a) (b)
81 243
28
(c) (d) None of these.
243
61. If in the expansion of (1 + x)20, the coefficients of rth and (r + 4)th

term are equal, then x is equal to -
(a) 7 (b) 8
(c) 9 (d) 10.
62. If in the expansion of (1 + x)5, the coefficients of (r – 1)th and

(2r + 3)th terms are equal, then the value of x -
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 4 (d) 3.
63. The total number of terms in expansion of (x + a)100+ (x – a)100

after simplification is -
(a) 202 (b) 51
(c) 50 (d) None of these.
2n
 2x 3 
64. The middle term in the expansion of  – is -
3 2x 2 
2n
(a) Cn (b) (–1)n2nCn x–n
2n
(c) Cn x–n (d) None of these.
65. If the coefficients of x2 and x3 in the expansion of (3 + ax)9are

the some, then the value of a is -
–7 –9
(a) (b)
9 7
7 9
(c) (d) .
9 7

66. The total number of term in the expansion of (x + a)51 – (x – a)51
after simplification is
(a) 102 (b) 25
(c) 26 (d) 28
5 5
 3 i  3 i
67. If z =        , then
 2 2   2 2
(a) Re(z) = 0 (b) Im(z) = 0

(c) Re(z) > 0, In (z) > 0 (d) Re(z) > 0, In (z) < 0
68. The two successine terms in the expansion of (1 + x)24 whose

coefficients are in the ratio 1 : 4 are
(a) 3rd and 4th (b) 4th and 5th
(c) 5th and 6th (d) 6th and 7th
10
 1
69. Constant term in the expansion of  x   is
 x
(a) 152 (b) – 152
(c) – 252 (d) 252
10
x 3
70. The coelficent of x4 in   2  is
2 x 
405 504
(a) (b)
256 259
450
(c) (d) none of these
263

Directions: Each of these questions contains two statements.
alternative choices. Only one of which is the correct answer. You
have to select one of the codes. (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct. Reason is a correct
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct: reason in not a correct
71. Assertion: The term independent of x in the expansion of

m
 1  (4m)!
 x   2 is .
x (2m!) 2
Reason: The coefficient of x6 in the expansion of (1 + x)n is nC6.
72. Assertion: The rth term from the end in the expansion of (x + a)n is
n
Cn–r+1 xr–1 an–r + 1.
Reason: The rth term from the end in the expansion of (x + a)n is
(n – r + 2)th term.
73. Assertion: In the expansion of (x + 2y)8, the middle term is 4 th
term.
th
n n 
Reason: If n is even in the expansion of (a + b) , then   1
2 
term is the middle term.
74. Assertion: General term of the expansion (x + 2y)9 is 9Cr2r.
x9 – ryr.
Reason: General term of the expansion (x + a)n is given by Tr+1 = nCr
xn-r ar
75. Assertion: In the binomial expansion (a + b)n, rth term is
n
Cran-r. br.
Reason: If n is odd, then there are two middle terms.

ANSWERS
1. 29
x3 6x 2 x a 6a2 a3
2. – +15 – 20 +15 – +
a3 a 2 a x x 2 x3
2n+1
3. C7 4. (1.2)4000
5. –1365 6. 256
7. n = 10 8. 18
3
9  –1  10
9. C3 ×   10. C5
 3 
11. 3 12. 152

672
13. 14. 3
x3
10
15. C5
16. (i) 6 (ii) 4 (iii) 8 (iv) 5
17. (i) 884736 (ii) 104060401 (iii) 105101.00501
18. 6 terms (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 40, 50)
672
19. –252 = –10C5 20.
x3
–15309
21. 1120 x4 y4 22.
8
25 210
23. C15 × 20 24. a = 3, b = 2, n = 3
x

5
25. 9th term 26. T3 =
6
27. 82 28. 28
29. 10 31. k = ±3
32. 129 integral terms
34. n = 8, 4th,5thand 6th 38. r = 6
11
 2 3
39.  2x –  40. n = 41
 x
42. a = 2, x = 1, n = 7 44. 9
47. (–1)n [1 – n] 48. Zero
17
49. 50. 5
54
2n
52. n = 7 or 14 55. Cn–1
56. (b) 57. (b)
58. (a) 59. (d)
60. (c) 61. (c)
62. (a) 63. (b)
64. (b) 65. (d)
66. (c) 67. (b)
68. (c) 69. (c)
70. (a) 71. (d)
72. (a) 73. (d)

74. (a) 75. (d)

CHAPTER - 8
SEQUENCES AND SERIES
KEY POINTS
 In general, listing of any collection of objects in certain order is
sequence.
 A sequence is a function whose domain is the set N of natural
numbers or some subset of it.
 Let a1, a2, a3, ……….. be a sequence, then the expression a1 +
a2 + a3 + ……….. is called series associated with given
sequence.
 A sequence containing finite number of terms is called finite
sequence.
 A sequence is infinite, if it is not finite sequence.
 A sequence is said to be a progression if all the terms of the
sequence can be expressed by same formula
 Arithmetic Progression: A sequence is called an arithmetic
progression if the difference between of a term and its previous
term is always same, i.e., an + 1– an = constant (=d) for all nN.
 General A.P. isa, a + d and a + 2d, ..........., where a = first term

and d = common difference.
 an = a + (n – 1)d = nth term of A.P. = l

n
 Sn = Sum of first n terms of A.P. =  a + l  , where l = last term N.
2
n
=  2a + (n – 1)d
2

 If a, b, c are in A.P. then a ± k, b ±k, c ± k are in A.P.
ak, bk, ck also in A.P., k ≠ 0
a b c
, , are also in A.P. where k ≠ 0.
k k k
 If a, A, b are in A.P., then A is called arithmetic mean of a and

b.
a+b
 Arithmetic mean between a and b is = .
2
 If A1, A2, A3, ........An are n numbers inserted between a and b,

such that the resulting sequence is A.P.
b–a
then, A n = a + nd where d =
n +1
 Sk – Sk–1 = ak
 In an A.P., the sum of the terms equidistant from the beginning

and from the end is always same, and equal to the sum of the
first and the last term.
 If a, b, c are in A.P. then 2b = a + c.
 Three terms of A.P. can be chosen as a – d, a, a + d
 Four terms of A.P. can be chosen as a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d.
 G.P. (Geometrical Progression)
(i) a, ar, ar2, ..........(General G.P.)
Where a = First term
And r = common ratio

(ii) an = arn–1
(iii) Sn =

a rn – 1  or Sn =
a(1  r n )
, r 1
r –1 1 r
 If a, b, c are in G.P., then b2 = ac.
 If a, G, b are in GP, then G is called geometric mean of a and b
 Geometric mean of two positive numbers a and b is ab.
 If G1, G2, G3, ..........Gn are n numbers inserted between a and b

so that the resulting sequence is G.P., then
1
 b  n1
Gn = ar n where r =  
 a
a
 Three terms of G.P. are chosen as , a, ar.
r
a a
 Four terms of G.P. are chosen as 3
, , a, ar3.
r r
1 1 1
 If a, b, c are in G.P. then (i) , , are also in GP, (ii) ak, bk, ck
a b c
a b c
are also in G.P., where k ≠ 0 (iii) , , are also in G.P. where
k k k
n n n
k ≠ 0, a , b , c are also in GP.
 In a G.P., the product of the terms equidistant from the

beginning and from the end is always same and equal to
the product of the first and the last term.
 Sum of infinite G.P. is possible if |r| < 1 and sum is given by

a
.
1– r

1. If nth term of an A.P. is 6n – 7 then write its 50th term.
2. If Sn = 3n2 + 2n, then write a2
3. Which term of the sequence 3, 10, 17, ........... is 136?
4. If in an A.P. 7th term is 9 and 9th term is 7, then find 16th term.
5. If sum of first n terms of an A.P is 2n2 + 7n, write its nth term.
1 1 1
6. Which term of the G.P.2, 1, , …………. is ?
2 4 1024
7. If in a G.P., a3 + a5 = 90 and if r = 2 find the first term of the G.P.
8. In G.P. 2 2, 4, ........, 128 2, find the 4th term from the end.
9. If the product of 3 consecutive terms of G.P. is 27, find the

middle term.
5
10. Find the sum of first 8 terms of the G.P. 10,5, , ……….
2
11. Find the value of 51/2 × 51/4 × 51/8 ....... upto infinity.
12. Write the value of 0.3
0.3
[Hint: 0.3  0.3  0.03  0.003  ...  ]
1  0.1
13. The first term of a G.P. is 2 and sum to infinity is 6, find common
ratio.
14. If 7th and 13th terms of an A.P. be 34 and 64 respectively, find

18th term.
15. Find geometric mean of 4 and 9.

16. Find If the sum of first p terms of an A.P. is q and sum of first q
terms is p, then the sum of first p + q terms.
5 5
17. Find sum to infinity of sequence 5, , , ......... .
3 9
18. If a, b, c are in A.P. and x, y, z are in G.P., then find the value of
xb–c× yc–a × zc–a.
19. Find two geometric means between numbers 1 and 64.
2n  3
20. Write third term of sequence whose general term is an  .
4
3 5 7
21. Write the nth term of the series, + + +.........
7.11 8.12 9.13 2
2 2
22. Find the number of terms in the A.P. 7, 10, 13, .........., 31.
23. In an A.P., 8, 11, 14, .......... find Sn – Sn – 1
24. Find the sum of given terms:-
(a) 81 + 82 + 83 ............ + 89 + 90
(b) 251 + 252 + 253 + ............ + 259 + 260
25. (a) If a, b, c are in A.P. then show that 2b = a+c.
(b) If a, b, c are in G.P. then show that b2 = a.c.
26. If a, b, c are in G.P. then show that a2 + b2, ab + bc, b2 + c2are

also in G.P.
27. Find the least value of n for which
1+ 3 + 32 + ... + 3n–1> 1000

1 1
28. Write the first negative term of the sequence 20, 19 , 18 ,
4 2
3
17 , ....... [an < 0]
4
29. Determine the number of terms in A.P. 3, 7, 11, ........ 407. Also,
find its 11th term from the end.
30. How many numbers are there between 200 and 500, which
leave remainder 7 when divided by 9.
31. Find the sum of all the natural numbers between 1 and 200
which are neither divisible by 2 nor by 5.
32. Find the sum of the sequence,

72 + 70 + 68 + ………. + 40
a7 5 a
33. If in an A.P = , find 4 .
a10 7 a7
34. In an A.P. sum of first 4 terms is 56 and the sum of last 4 terms
is 112. If the first term is 11 then find the number of terms.
35. Solve: 1 + 6 + 11 + 16 + .......... + x = 148
36. The ratio of the sum of n terms of two A.P.'s is (7n – 1): (3n + 11),
find the ratio of their 10th terms.
37. If the Ist, 2nd and last terms of an A.P are a, b and c respectively,
then find the sum of all terms of the A.P.
b + c – 2a c + a – 2b a + b – 2c
38. If , , are in A.P. then show that
a b a
1 1 1
, , are also in A.P. [Hint. : Add 3 to each term].
a b c

39. The product of first three terms of a G.P. is 1000. If 6 is added to
its second term and 7 is added to its third term, the terms
become in A.P. Find the G.P.
40. If the continued product of three numbers in G.P. is 216 and the
sum of their products in pairs is 156, find the numbers.
41. Find the sum to infinity of the series:

3 5 7
1+ + 2 + 3 + ...... 
2 2 2
42. If A = 1 + ra + r2a + ........... up to infinity, then express r in terms of

‘a’ and ‘A’.
43. Find the sum of first terms of the series 0.7 + 0.77 + 0.777 + …..
a a b b
44. If x = a ++ 2 + ............ + ; y = b – + 2 – ...........  and
r r r r
c c xy ab
z = c + 2 + 4 + ........  Prove that = .
r r z c
45. The sum of first three terms of a G.P. is 15 and sum of next
three terms is 120. Find the sum of first n terms.
7
46. Prove that 0.003 1 = .
225
[Hint: 0.031 = 0.03 + 0.001 + 0.0001 +..... Now use infinite G.P.]
47. If a, b, c are in G.P. that the following are also in G.P.

(i) a2, b2, c2
(ii) a3, b3, c3
(iii) a, b, c are in G.P.

48. If a, b, c are in A.P. that the following are also in A.P:
1 1 1
, ,
(i) bc ca ab
(ii) b+c, c+a, a+b
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(iii)  +  ,  +  ,  +  are in A.P.
ab c  bc a ca b
49. If the numbers a2, b2 and c2 are given to be in A.P., show that
1 1 1
, and are in A.P.
b+c c+a a+b
353
50. Show that: 0.356 =
990
51. The nth term of a G.P. is 128 and the sum of its n term is 225. If
its common ratio is 2, find the first term.
52. The fourth term of a G.P. is 4. Find product of its first seven terms.
1
53. If A1, A2, A3, A4 are four A.M’s between and 3, then prove
2
A1+ A2+ A3+ A4 = 7.
54. If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an A.P. If S2n = 5Sn, then
S6n 17
prove = .
S3n 4
55. Prove that the sum of n numbers between a and b such that the
n(a + b)
resulting series becomes A.P. is .
2

1 1 1
56. If a, b, c are in G.P., then prove that 2 2
– 2 2
= – .
a –b b –c b2
[Hint : Put b = ar, c = ar2]
57. Find two positive numbers whose difference is 12 and whose

arithmetic mean exceeds the geometric mean by 2.
58. If a is A.M. of b and c and c, G1, G2, b are in G.P., then prove
3 3
that G1 + G2 = 2abc
59. The sum of an infinite G.P. is 57 and the sum of the cubes of its
term is 9747, find the G.P.
1 3 7 15
60. Find the sum of first n terms of the series + + + +.....n
2 4 8 16
 1 1 1 1 
terms. Hint: 1   1   1   1   ....
 2 4 8 16 
61. Three positive numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle

term in the G.P. is doubled, then new numbers are in A.P. then
find the common ratio of the G.P.
62. Find three numbers in G.P. whose sum is 13 and the sum of
whose squares is 91.
63. The side of given space is 10 cm. The mid points at its, sides
are joined to form a new square. Again the mid point of the sides
of this new square are joined to form another square. This
process is contined indefinitely. Based on the information
answer the following questions.

D R C
L M
S Q
S N
A P B
(i) The side of first square is 10 cm what is the side of IInd

square formed.
(ii) What is the sum of area’s of all the square formed?
(iii) What is the sum of perimeters of all the square formal?

64. Abhishek buys Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) from post office every
year. Each year he exceeds the value of KVP by `1000 from last
year’s purchase. After 5 years he finds that the total value of KVP
purchased by him is `40,000.00.
Based on the above information answer the following :-

i. The sequence of amount of KVP forms a/an

(a) Arithmetic Progression (b) Geometric Progression
(c) Harmonic Progression (d) None of these
ii. Find the amount of KVP purchased by him initially.

(a) `7000 (b) `8000
(c) `6000 (d) `7500
iii. What will be the total amount of KVP purchased by him after
10 years?
(a) `1,20,000 (b) `1,05,000
(c) `1,40,000 (d) `1,35,000
iv. What is the amount of KVP purchased by him in the 8th year?
(a) `14,000 (b) `15,000
(c) `13,000 (d) `12,000
v. If he buys KVP every year for 10 years, how much will he

spend in the purchase of last 4 KVP?
(a) `65,000 (b) `54,000
(c) `75,000 (d) None of these
65. A person writes a

letter to four of his
friends. He asks
each one of them
to copy the letter
and mail it to four
different persons
with the instruction
that they move the
chain similarly. Assuming that the chain is not broken and that it
costs 50 paisa to mail one letter, anwer the following questions.

i. The sequence of letters mailed in each set forms a/an.
(a) Arithmetic Progression (b) Geometric Progression
(c) Harmonic Progression (d) None of these
ii. Find the number of letters mailed in the 4th set.

(a) 64 (b) 16
(c) 256 (d) 1024
iii. Find the total number of letters mailed in the first 5 sets.
(a) 1364 (b) 1650 (c) 1236 (d) 1368
iv. Find the amount spent on the postage when 8th set of letters
is mailed?
(a) `46,930 (b) `54,930 (c) `87,380 (d) `43,690
v. Find the amount spent on the mailing of 9th set?
(a) `1,74,762 (b) `1,31,072

(c) `1,54,536 (d) None of these
66. The interior angles of a polygon are in A.P. If the smallest angle
be 120° and the common difference be 5, then the number of
side is -
(a) 8 (b) 10
(c) 9 (d) 6.
67.  and  are the roots of the equation x2 – 3x + a = 0 and  and
2
 are the roots of the equation x – 12x + b = 0. If , ,  and 
form an increasing G.P., then (a, b)-

(a) (3, 12) (b) (12, 3)
(c) (2, 32) (d) (4, 16).
68. If A be the arithmetic mean between two numbers and S be the
sum of n arithmetic means between the same numbers, then -
(a) S = nA (b) A = nS
(c) A = S (d) None of these.
69. If n geometric means be inserted between a and b, then the n th
geometric mean will be-
n n–1
 b  n–1 b  n
(a) a   (b) a  
a a
n 1
 b  n+1 b n
(c) a   (d) a   .
a a
70. If the arithmetic and geometric means of two numbers are 10

and 8 respectively, then one number exceeds the other number
by-
(a) 8 (b) 10
(c) 12 (d) 16.
71. The first and last terms of A.P. are 1 and 11. If the sum of its
term is 36, then the number of terms will be-
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 7 (d) 8.
72. If the first, second and last term of an A.P. are a, b and 2a
respectively, then its sum is -
ab
ab
(a) 2(b – a) (b)
b–a
3ab
(c) 2(b – a) (d) None of these.

73. If pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. are in G.P., then the common
ratio of this G.P.is -
p–q q–r
(a) q – r (b) p – q
(c) pqr (d) None of these.
74. If A be one A.M. and p, q be two GM’s between two numbers,

then 2A is equal to-
p3 +q3 p3 – q3
(a) pq (b) pq
p2 + q2 pq
(c) 2 (d) 2 .
75. In a G.P. if the (m + n)th term is p and (m – n)th term is q, then its
mth term is -
(a) O (b) pq
pq 1
(c) (d) (p + q) .
2
76. If S be the sum, P the product, R be the sum of reciprocals of n

terms of G.P. then P2 is equal to
S R
(a) (b)
R S
n n
 R  S
(c)   (d)  
 S  R
77. The nth term of a G.P. is 128 and the sum of its n terms is 225. If
its common ratio is 2, then its first term is
(a) 1 (b) 3
(c) 8 (d) none of these

78. If second term of a G.P. is 2 and the sum of its infinite term is 8,
then its first term is
1 1
(a) (b)
4 2
(c) 2 (d) 4
79. The two geometric means between the numbers 1 and 64 are
(a) 1 and 64 (b) 4 and 16
(c) 2 and 16 (d) 8 and 16
80. The product (32), (32)1/6, (32)1/36 .... to  is equal to

(a) 64 (b) 16
(c) 32 (d) 0

(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct: reason is not a correct

(c) Assertion is correct , reason is incorrect.
81. Assertion: Value of a17. Whose nth term is an = 4n – 3, is 65.
Reason: Value of a9, whose nth term is an = (–1)n – 1. n3.
82. Assertion: If the third term of a G.P. is 4, then the product of its
first five terms is 45.

Reason: Product of first five terms of a G.P. is given as a (ar)
(ar2) (ar3) (ar4).
83. Assertion: If a, b, c are in A.P. then b + c, c + a, a + b are in

A.P.
Reason: If a, b, c are in A.P., then 10a, 10b, 10c are in G.P.
2 5 31
84. Assertion: If , k, are in A.P., then the value of k is .
3 8 48
Reason: Three numbers a, b, c are in A.P. iff 2b = a + c
2 7
85. Assertion: For x = ± 1, the numbers , x, are in G.P.
7 2
Reason: Three numbers a, b, c are in G.P. if b2 = ac.
ANSWERS
1. 293 2. 11
3. 20th 4. 0
5. 4n + 5 6. 12th
9
7. 8. 64
2
 1
9. 3 10. 20  1– 8 
 2 
1
11. 5 12.
3
2
13. 14. 89
3
15. 6 16. –(p + q)
17. 15/2 18. 1

19. 4 and 16 20. 3/4
2n+1
21. 22. 9
(n+ 6)(n+10)2
23. 3n + 5 27. n = 7
1
28. – 29. 102, 367
4
30. 33 31. 7999
3
32. 952 33.
5
34. 11 35. 36
(b + c – 2a)(a + c)
36. 33:17 37.
2(b – a)
39. 5, 10, 20, ......; or 20, 10, 5, 40. 18, 6, 2; or 2, 6, 18

1
 A –1  a
41. 6 42.  
 A 
7 15 n
43.
81
9n – 1 + 10 –n  45.
7
 2 – 1
51. 1 52. 16384
38 76
57. 16, 4 59. 19, , , ......
3 9
60. n + 2–n – 1 61. r = 2+ 3
62. 1, 3, 9
63. i. 5 2 cm ii. 200 cm2 iii. (80  40 2) cm

64. i. (a) ii. (c) iii. (b) iv. (c) v. (b)
65. i. (b) ii. (c) iii. (a) iv. (d) v. (b)
66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (a)
69. (c) 70. (c) 71. (b)
72. (c) 73. (b) 74. (a)
75. (c) 76. (d) 77. (a)
78. (d) 79. (b) 80. (a)
81. (b) 82. (a) 83. (b)
84. (a) 85. (a)

CHAPTER - 9
STRAIGHT LINES
KEY POINTS
 Distance between two points A(x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) is given by
2 2
AB =  x 2 – x1  +  y 2 – y1 
 Let the vertices of a triangle ABC are A(x1, y1) B (x2, y2) and
C(x3, y3).Then area of triangle
1
ar( ABC) = x1  y 2 – y 3  + x 2  y 3 – y1   x 3  y1 – y 2 
2
Note:Area of a triangle is always positive. If the above
expression is zero, then a triangle is not possible. Thus the
points are collinear.
 LOCUS: When a variable point P(x,y) moves under certain
condition then the path traced out by the point P is called the
locus of the point.
For example: Locus of a point P, which moves such that its
distance from a fixed point C is always constant, is a circle.
CP = constant
 A line is also defined as the locus of a point satisfying the

condition ax + by + c = 0 where a, b, c are constants.

 Slope of a straight line:
If is the inclination of a line then tanis defined as slope of the
straight line L and denoted by m
m = tan,  ≠ 90°
If 0° << 90° then m > 0 and
90° << 180° then m < 0
Note-1: The slope of a line whose inclination is 90° is not
defined. Slope of x-axis is zero and slope of y-axis is not defined
Note-2: Slope of any horizontal line i.e.|| to x-axis is zero.Slope
of a vertical line i.e.|| to y-axis is not defined.
 Three points A, B and C lying in a plane are collinear, if slope of

AB = Slope of BC.
 Slope of a line through given points (x1, y1) and (x2,y2) is given
y – y1
by m = 2 .
x 2 – x1
 Interecept: There are two types of intercepts x-intercept and

y-intercept. The x-intercept is the x-coordinate of the point where
line cut x axis while y-intercept is the coordinate of the point
where line cut y axis.
 Two lines are parallel to each other if and only if their slopes are
equal.
i.e., l1 || l2  m1 = m2 .

 Two lines are perpendicular to each other if and only if their
slopes are negative reciprocal of each other.
–1
i.e., l1  l2  m1 m2 = –1  m2 = .
m
 Acute angle  between two lines, whose slopes are m 1 and m2

m – m2
is given by tan = 1 , 1 + m1m2 ≠ 0 and obtuse angle is
1+ m1m2
 = 180° –  or –
 Point slope form:

Equation of a line passing through given point (x1, y1) and
having slope m is given by y – y1 = m(x – x1)
 Two Point Form:

Equation of a line passing through given points (x1, y1) and
(x2, y2) is given by
y 2 – y1
y – y1 =  x – x1  .
x 2 – x1
 Slope intercept form(y-intercept):

Equation of a line having slope m and y-intercept ‘c’ is given by
y = mx + c
 Slope intercept form (x-intercept):

Equation of a line having slope m and y-intercept c is given by
y = m (x–d)

 Intercept Form:
Equation of line having intercepts a and b on x-axis and y-axis
respectively is given by
x y
+ =1
a b
 General Equation of a line:

Equation of line in general form is given by Ax + By + C = 0, A, B
and C are real numbers and at least one of A or B is non-zero.
–A –C –C
Slope = and y-intercept = x-intercept = .
B B A
 Distance of a point (x1, y1) from line Ax + By + C = 0 is given by

Ax1 +By1 + C
d=
A 2 +B2
 Distance between two parallel lines Ax +

By + C1 = 0 and Ax + By + C2 = 0 is
given by
C1 – C2
d=
A 2 +B2

1. Three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram are (–2, –1), (1, 0)

and (4, 3), find the fourth vertex.
2. For what value of k are the points (8, 1), (k, –4) and (2, –5)
collinear?
3. Coordinates of centroid of ABC are (1, –1). Vertices of ABC

are A(–5, 3), B(p, –1) and C(6, q). Find p and q.
4. In what ratio y-axis divides the line segment joining the points
(3,4) and (–2, 1)?
5. Show that the points (a, 0), (0, b) and (3a,– 2b) are collinear.
6. Find the equation of straight line cutting off an intercept –1 from
y axis and being equally inclined to the axes.
7. Write the equation of a line which cuts off equal intercepts on

coordinate axes and passes through (2, 5).
8. Find k so that the line 2x + ky – 9 = 0 may be perpendicular to

2x + 3y – 1 = 0
9. Find the acute angle between lines x + y = 0 and y = 0
10. Find the angle which 3x + y +5 = 0 makes with positive direction

of x-axis.
11. Find the equation of a line with slope 1/2 and making an intercept
5 on y-axis.
12. Find Equation of line which is parallel to y-axis and at distance 5

units from y-axis.
13. Find the length of perpendicular from a point (1, 2) to a line

3x + 4y + 5 = 0.

14. Determine the equation of line through a point (–4, –3) and
parallel to x-axis.
 8
15. Check whether the points  0,  , (1, 3) and (82, 30) are the
 3
vertices a triangle or not?
16. If a vertex of a triangle is (1, 1) and the midpoints of two sides

through this vertex are (–1, 2) and (3, 2). Then find the centroid of
the triangle.
17. If the medians through A and B of the triangle with vertices

A(0, b), B(0, 0) and C(a, 0) are mutually perpendicular. Then show
that a2 = 2b2.
18. If the image of the point (3, 8) in the line px + 3y – 7 = 0 is the

point (–1, –4), then find the value of p.
19. Find the distance of the point (3,2) from the straight line whose
slope is 5 and is passing through the point of intersection of lines
x + 2y = 5 and x – 3y + 5 = 0
20. The line 2x – 3y = 4 is the perpendicular bisector of the line

segment AB. If coordinates of A are (–3, 1) find coordinates of B.
21. The points (1, 3) and (5, 1) are two opposite vertices of a
rectangle. The other two vertices lie on line y = 2x + c. Find c and
remaining two vertices.

22. If two sides of a square are along 5x – 12y + 26 = 0 and
5x – 12y – 65 = 0 then find its area.
23. Find the equation of a line with slope –1 and whose perpendicular
distance from the origin is equal to 5.
24. If a vertex of a square is at (1, –1) and one of its side lie along the
line 3x – 4y – 17 = 0 then find the area of the square.
25. What is the value of y so that line through (3, y) and (2, 7) is
parallel to the line through (–1, 4) and (0, 6)?
26. In what ratio, the line joining (–1, 1) and (5, 7) is divided by the
line x + y = 4?
27. Find the equation of the lines which cut-off intercepts on the axes
whose sum and product are 1 and –6 respectively.
28. Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines y = x, y = 2x,
y = 3x + 4.
29. Find the coordinates of the orthocentre of a triangle whose

vertices are (–1, 3) (2, –1) and (0, 0). [Orthocentre is the point of
concurrency of three altitudes].
30. Find the equation of a straight line which passes through the point
of intersection of 3x + 4y – 1 = 0 and 2x – 5y + 7 = 0 and which is
perpendicular to 4x – 2y + 7 = 0.
31. If the image of the point (2, 1) in a line is (4, 3) then find the
equation of line.
32. The vertices of a triangle are (6,0), (0,6) and (6,6). Find the
distance between its circumcenter and centroid.

33. Find the equation of a straight line which makes acute angle with
positive direction of x–axis, passes through point(–5, 0) and is at a
perpendicular distance of 3 units from origin.
34. One side of a rectangle lies along the line 4x + 7y + 5 = 0. Two of

its vertices are (–3, 1) and (1,1). Find the equation of other three
sides.
35. If (1,2) and (3, 8) are a pair of opposite vertices of a square, find
the equation of the sides and diagonals of the square.
36. Find the equations of the straight lines which cut off intercepts on
x-axis twice that on y-axis and are at a unit distance from origin.
37. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 4x + 5y = 0 and 7x + 2y

= 0. If the equation of one of the diagonals is 11x +7y = 4, find the
equation of the other diagonal.
38. A line is such that its segment between the lines 5x – y + 4 = 0

and3x + 4y – 4 = 0 is bisected at the point (1, 5). Obtain its
equation.
39. If one diagonal of a square is along the line 8x – 15y = 0 and one
of its vertex is at (1, 2), then find the equation of sides of the
square passing through this vertex.
40. If the slope of a line passing through to point A(3, 2) is 3/4 then
find points on the line which are 5 units away from the point A.
41. Find the equation of straight line which passes through the
intersection of the straight line 3x + 2y + 4 = 0 and x – y – 2 = 0
and forms a triangle with the axis whose area is 8 sq. unit.

42. Find points on the line x + y + 3 = 0 that are at a distance of
5 units from the line x + 2y + 2 = 0
43. A straight line L is perpendicular to the line 5x – y =1. The area of

the triangle formed by the line L and the coordinate axes is 5. Find
the equation of the line L.
44. Two equal sides of an isosceles triangle are given by the equation
7x – y + 3 =0 and x + y –3 = 0 and its third side pass through the
point (1,–10). Determine the equation of the third side.
45. ABCD is a rhombus. Its diagonals AC and BD intersect at the

point M and satisfy BD = 2 AC. If the coordinates of D and M are
(1,1) and (2,–1) respectively. Then find the coordinates of A.
46. Find the area enclosed within the curve |x| + |y| = 1.
47. Find the coordinates of the circumcentre of the triangle whose

vertices are (5,7), (6,6) and (2, -2).
48. Find the equation of a straight line, which passes through the
point (a, 0) and whose  distance from the point (2a, 2a) is a.
49. Line L has intercepts a and b on the coordinate axis when the axis
are rotated through a given angle, keeping the origin fixed, the
same line L has intercepts p and q, then prove that a–2 + b–2 = p–2
+ q–2.

50. A person is standing at a point A of a triangular park ABC whose
vertices are A(2, 0), B(3, 4) and C(5, 6).

i. He wants to reach BC in least time. Find the equation of the
path he should follow.
(a) 2x + y = 3 (b) 2x + 3y = 4
(c) x + y = 2 (d) x + 4y = 7
ii. Find the shortest distance travelled by him to reach BC -
5 3
(a) 2 units (b) 2 units
2 2
4 7
(c) 2 units (d) 2 units
3 3
iii. Suppose he meets BC at a point D. Find the coordiantes of

the point D.
5 7 1 3
(a)  ,  (b)  , 
2 2 2 2
3 1 7 5
(c)  ,  (d)  , 
2 2 2 2
iv. Find the area of the triangular park ABC.
(a) 5 sq units (b) 10 sq units
(c) 3 sq units (d) None of these

v. Find the coordinator of the centroid of the triangular park
ABC?
5 7  10 10 
(a)  ,  (b)  , 
3 3  3 3 
7 8 2 8
(c)  ,  (d)  , 
3 3 3 3
51. If A and B are two points (2, – 3) and (6, – 5) respectively. If C is

the point between A and B such that it divides the line AB in 1 : 3
ratio
Based on the above information, answer the following Questions
(i) Find the distance between A and B

(ii) Find eq of AB
(iii) What are the co-ordinates of C?
(iv) Find The Length AC
(v) Find the slope of line BC.
52. The angle between the straight lines x – y 3 = 5 and 3x+ y=

7 is-
(a) 90° (b) 60°
(c) 75° (d) 30°
53. If p is the length of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to the
x y
line + = 1, then which one of the following is correct?
a b
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) 2
= 2+ 2 (b) 2
= 2– 2
p a b p a b
1 1 1 1 1 1
(c) = + (d) = – .
p a b p a b

54. What is the equation of the line passing through (2, –3) and
parallel to y-axis?
(a) y = –3 (b) y=2
(c) x=2 (d) x = –3
55. If the lines 3x + 4y + 1 = 0, 5x + y + 3 = 0 and 2x + y – 1 = 0 are
concurrent, then  is equal to -
(a) –8 (b) 8
(c) 4 (d) –4.
56. The x-intercept and the y-intercept of the line 5x – 7 = 6y,
respectively are –
7 7 7 –7
(a) and (b) and
5 6 5 6
5 6 –5 6
(c) and (d) and .
7 7 7 7
57. If p be the length of the perpendicular from the origin on the
straight line x + 2y = 2q, then what is the value of q?
(a) 1/p (b) p
5p
(c) p/2 (d)
2
58. A straight line through P(1, 2) is such that its intercept between
the axes is bisected at P. Its equation is-
(a) x + y = –1 (b) x+y=3
(c) x + 2y = 5 (d) 2x + y = 4.
59. If the lines 3y + 4x = 1, y = x + 5 and 5y + bx = 3 are concurrent,
then what is the value of b?
(a) 1 (b) 3
(c) 6 (d) 0.

60. The triangle formed by the lines x + y = 0, 3x + y = 4 and x + 3y =
4 is -
(a) Isosceles (b) Equilateral
(c) Right angled (d) None of these.
61. What is the foot of the perpendicular from the point (2, 3) on the
line x + y – 11 = 0?
(a) (1, 10) (b) (5, 6)
(c) (6, 5) (d) (7, 4).
62. A line cutting off intercept –3 from the Y-axis and the tangent at
3
angle to the X-axis is , its
5
(a) 5y – 3x + 15 = 0 (b) 3y – 5x + 15 = 0
(c) 5y – 3x – 15 = 0 (d) None of the above
63. The equation of straight line passing throught the point (3, 2) and
perpendicular to the line y = x is
(a) x–y=5 (b) x+y=5
(c) x+y=1 (d) x–y=1
64. The tangent of angle between the line whose intercepts on the
axes are a, – b and b, – a respectively, is
a 2  b2 b2  a 2
(a) (b)
ab 2
b2  a 2
2ab
65. The equation of the lines which pass throught the point (3, – 2)
and are inclined at 60° to the line 3 x  y  1 is
(a) y + 2 = 0, 3x  y  2  3 3  0
(b) x  2  0, 3 x  y  2  3 3  0

(c) 3x  y  2  3 3  0
(d) None of the above

66. The coordinates of the foot of perpendiculars from the point (2, 3)
on the line y = 3x + 4 given by
 37 1  1 37 
(a)  ,  (b)  , 
10 10 10 10
 0   2 1
(c)  , 10 (d)  ,  
37 3 3

67. Assertion: If  is the inclination of a line l, then the slope or
gradient of the line l is tan .
Reason: The slope of a line whose inclination is 90°, is not
defined.
68. Assertion: The inclination of the line l may be acute or obtuse.
Reason: Slope of x-axis is zero and slope of y-axis is not defined.
69. Assertion: Slope of the line passing throught the points (3, –2)
and (3, 4) is 0.
Reason: If two lines having the same slope pass throught a
common point, then these lines will coincide.

70. Assertion: If A (–2, –1), B (4, 0), C(3, 3) and D(–3, 2) are the
vertices of a parallelogram, then mid-point of AC = Mid-point of
BD
Reason: The points A, B and C are collinear  Area of ABC
= 0.
71. Assertion: Pair of lines x + 2y – 3 = 0 and – 3x – 6y + 9 = 0 are
coincident.
Reason: Two lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 are
a b c
coincident if 1  1  1 .
a2 b2 c2
ANSWERS
1. (1, 2)
2. k = 3 (Use Slope formmula)
3. p = 2, q = –5 4. 3 : 2 (internally)
6. y = x – 1 and y = – x – 1. 7. x+y=7
4 
8.  9.
3 4
2 x
10. 11. y= +5
3 2
12. x=5 13. 16/5
14. y+3=0 15. No (Use slope formula)
 7
16.  1, 
 3

18. 1 (Hint: Mid-point – of a point and its image is on the line)
10
19. 20. (1, –5)
26
21. c = –4, (2,0), (4, 4) (Hint: diagonals of a rectangle bisect each

other)
22. 49 square units (Hints: given lines are parallel)
23. x + y + 5 2 = 0, x + y – 5 2 = 0 (Hints: first find slope

intercept form then convert normal form)
24. 4 square units (Hints: given vertex is not on the line)
25. y=9
26. 1 : 2 (Use section formula)
27. 2x – 3y – 6 = 0 and – 3x + 2y – 6 = 0
28. 4 square units (Hints: find vertices)
29. (–4, –3)
30. x + 2y = 1
31. x+y–5=0
32. 2 (Hints: circumcentre is the mid-point of hypotenuse of right

angle )
33. 3x – 4y + 15 = 0
34. 4x + 7y – 11 = 0, 7x – 4y + 25 = 0
7x – 4y – 3 = 0 (Hints: (–3, 1) and (1, 1) are opposite Vertices)

35. x – 2y + 3 = 0, 2x + y – 14 = 0,
x – 2y + 13 = 0, 2x + y – 4 = 0
3x – y – 1 = 0, x + 3y – 17 = 0 (Hints: angle between side and
diagonal is 45°)
36. x + 2y + 5 = 0, x + 2y – 5=0
37. x = y (Hint: Given diagonal does not passes the point of

intersection of given sides)
38. 107x – 3y – 92 = 0
39. 23x – 7y – 9 = 0 and 7x + 23y – 53 = 0
40. (–1, –1) or (7, 5)
41. x – 4y – 8 = 0 or x + 4y + 8 = 0
42. (1,–4), (–9,6)
43. x + 5y = ± 5 2
44. x – 3y – 31 = 0, 3x + y + 7 = 0
 –3   –1 
45.  1,  or  3, 
 2   2 
46. 3 (Hint: Use modulus functions property)
47. (2, 3) (Hint: Circumcentre is equidistant from the vertices of

triangle)
48. 3x – 4y – 3a = 0 and x – a = 0
50. i. (c) ii. (b) iii. (b) iv. (c) v. (b)

 7 
51. i. 2 5 ii. 2y + x + 4 = 0 iii.  3, 
 2
5 1
iv. v.
2 2
52. (a) 53. (a)
54. (c) 55. (b)
56. (b) 57. (b)
58. (d) 59. (c)
60. (a) 61. (b)
62. (a) 5y – 3x + 15 = 0
63. (b) x + y = 5
 b2  a 2 
64. (c) 
 2ab 
65. (a) y + 2 = 0, 3x  y  2  3 3  0
 1 37 
66. (b)   , 
 10 10 
67. (b)68. (b)
69. (d)
70. (b)
71. (a)

CHAPTER - 10
CONIC SECTIONS
KEY POINTS
 The curves obtained by slicing the cone with a plane not passing
through the vertex are called conic sections or simply conics.
 Circle, ellipse, parabola and hyperbola are curves which are

obtained by intersection of a plane and cone in different
positions.
 A conic is the locus of a point which moves in a plane, so that its

distance from a fixed point bears a constant ratio to its distance
from a fixed straight line.
 The fixed point is called focus, the fixed straight line is called
directrix, and the constant ratio is called eccentricity, which is
denoted by ‘e’.
 Circle: It is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant

from a fixed point in that plane
Equation of circle: (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 where Centre (h, k),

radius = r
P(x, y)
C (h, k)
C(h, k)
CP = CONSTANT = r

 Parabola: It is the set of all points in a plane which are
equidistant from a fixed point (focus) and a fixed line (directrix) in
the plane. Fixed point does not lie on the line

Note: In the standard equation of parabola, a > 0.
y2 = 4ax y2 = -4ax x2 = 4ay x2 = -4ay

Note: In the figure above, A represents the vertex, S represents
the Focus, LL’ represents the Latus Rectum and Line MZ
represents the Directrix to the parabola.
 Latus Rectum: A chord through focus perpendicular to axis of

parabola is called its latus rectum.
 Ellipse: It is the set of points in a plane the sum of whose

distances from two fixed points in the plane is a constant and is
always greater than the distances between the fixed points.

Note: If e = 0 for an ellipse then b = a and equation of ellipse will
be converted in equation of the circle. Its eq. will be x² + y² = a².
It is called auxiliary circle. For auxiliary circle, diameter is equal
to length of major axis and e = 0.

 Latus rectum: Chord through foci perpendicular to major axis
called latus rectum.
 Hyperbola: It is the set of all points in a plane, the differences of

whose distance from two fixed points in the plane is a constant.

 STANDARD HYPERBOLA:
 STANDARD HYPERBOLACONJUGATE HYPERBOLA:
 Latus Rectum:Chord through foci perpendicular to transverse

axis is called latus rectum.
If e = 2 for hyperbola, then hyperbola is called rectangular
hyperbola.
For e = 2 then b = a and eq. of its hyperbola will be x2–y2= a2or
y2–x2= a2.

1. Find the centre of the circle 3x2 + 3y2 + 6x – 12y – 6 = 0.
2. Find the radius of the circle 3x2 + 3y2 + 6x – 12y –15 = 0.
3. Find the equation of circle whose end points of one of its

diameter are (– 2, 3) and (0, –1).
4. If parabola y2 = px passes through point (2, –3), then, find the

length of latus rectum.
5. Find the coordinates of focus of parabola 3y2 = 8x.
6. Find the equation of the circle which passes through the point
(4, 6) and has its centre at (1, 2).
7. Find the equation of the ellipse having foci (0, 3), (0, –3) and
minor axis of length 8.
8. Find the length of the latus rectum of the ellipse 3x2 + y2 = 12.
9. Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola whose latus rectum is 8

and conjugate axis is equal to half of the distance between the
foci.
10. If the lines 5x + 12y = 3 and 10x + 24y – 58 = 0 are tangents to a

circle, then find the radius of the circle.
11. Find the length of major and minor axis of the following ellipse,
16x2 + 25y2 = 400.
12. Find the eqn. of hyperbola satisfying given conditions foci (±5, 0)
and transverse axis is of length 8.
13. Find the coordinates of points on parabola y2 = 8x whose focal

distance is 4.

14. Find the distance between the directrices to the ellipse
x2 y2
+ = 1.
36 20
15. If the eccentricity of the ellipse is zero. Then show that ellipse
will be a circle.
16. If the eccentricity of the hyperbola is 2. Then find the general

equation of hyperbola.
17. A circle is circumscribed on an equilateral Triangle ABC where

AB = 6 cm. The area of the Circumcircle is Kπ cm2. Find the
value of K.
18. Find equation of an ellipse having vertices (0, ± 5) and foci

(0, ± 4).
19. If the distance between the foci of a hyperbola is 16 and its

eccentricity is 2, then obtain the equation of a hyperbola.
20. Find the equation for the ellipse that satisfies the given condition
Major axis on the x-axis and passes through the points (4, 3)
and (6, 2).
21. If one end of a diameter of the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + 11 = 0 is

(3, 4), then find the coordinates of the other end of diameter.
22. Find the equation of the ellipse with foci at (± 5, 0) and x = 18 as

one of the directrices.

23. The foci of a hyperbola coincide with the foci of the ellipse
x2 y2
+ =1, find the equation of the hyperbola if its eccentricity
25 9
is 2.
x2 y2
24. Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola – =1 which passes
a2 b2
through the points (3, 0) and (3 2 , 2).
25. If the latus rectum of an ellipse is equal to half of minor axis,

then find its eccentricity.
26. Find equation of circle concentric with circle 4x2 + 4y2 – 12x –
16y – 21 = 0 and of half its area.
27. Find the equation of a circle whose centre is at (4, –2) and
3x – 4y + 5 = 0 is tangent to circle.
28. If equation of the circle is in the form of x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy +

c = 0 then prove that its centre and radius will be (–g, –f) and
g2 + f 2 – c respectively. (Hint: Complete the square and
compare with standard formula)
29. If the end points of a diameter of circle are (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
then show that equation of circle will be (x – x1) (x – x2) +
(y – y1) (y – y2) = 0. (Hint: Angle in semicircle is of 90°)
30. Find the equation of the circle which touches the lines x = 0,
y = 0 and x = 2c and c > 0.
31. Find the equation of the set of all points the sum of whose
distance from A(3,0) and B(9,0) is 12 unit. Identify the curve thus
obtained.

32. Find the equation of the set of all points such that the difference
of their distance from (4,0) and (–4,0) is always equal of 2 unit.
Identify the curve thus obtained.
33. If OXPY is a square of Side 4 cm in First Quadrant, where O is

the origin. (OY and OX lie on y-axis and x-axis respectively).
Find the equation of the circle C1, C2, C3, C4and C5.
P
Y
C4 C3
C5
C1 C2
O (0, 0) X
34. Prove that the points (1, 2), (3, – 4), (5, – 6) and (11, – 8) are
concyclic.
35. A circle has radius 3 units and its centre lies on the line y = x –
1. If it is passes through the point (7, 3) then find the equations
of the circle.
36. Find the equation of the circle which passes through the points
(20, 3), (19, 8) and (2, – 9). Find its centre and radius.
37. Find the equation of circle having centre (1, – 2) and passing
through the point of intersection of the lines 3x + y = 14 and 2x +
5y = 18.
38. Show that the points A(5,5), B(6,4), C(–2,4) and D(7,1) all lies
on the circle. Find the centre, radius and equation of circle.

39. Find the equation of the ellipse in which length of minor axis is
equal to distance between foci. If length of latus rectum is 10
unit and major axis is along the x axis.
40. Find the equation of the hyperbolas whose axes (transverse and
conjugate axis) are parallel to x axis and y axis and centre is
origin such that Length of latus rectum length is 18 unit and
distance between foci is 12 unit.
41. Prove that the line 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 touches the circle x2 + y2 – 4x

– 6y – 12 = 0. Also find the point of contact.
42. Find the equations of tangents to the circle

(a) x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 4 = 0 which are parallel to 3x – 4y – 1 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 12 = 0 which are perpendicular to 4x + 3y = 7
43. Find the equation of Circle in each of the following cases:

(a) Touches both the coordinate axes in first quadrant and
having radius = 1 unit
(b) Touches both the coordinate axes in second quadrant and
having radius = 2 units
(c) Touches both the coordinate axes in third quadrant and
(d) Touches both the coordinate axes in fourth quadrant and
(e) Touches the x-axis at origin and having radius = 5 units
(f) Touches the y-axis at origin and having radius = 6 units

44. A beam is supported at its ends by supports which are 12m
apart. Since the load is concentrated at its centre, there is a

deflection of 3 cm at the centre and the deflected beam is in the
shape of a parabola.
i. How for from the centre is deflection of 1cm?
(a) 2 6 m (b) 3 6 m
(c) 2 3 m (d) 4 3 m
ii. What will be the equation of parabola?
(a) x2 = 240000y (b) x2 = 120000y
(c)x2 = 160000y (d) x2 = 100000y
iii. At a distance of 2m from the centre, what will be the

deflection of the beam?
3 8
(a) (b)
2 3
4 1
(c) (d)
3 5
iv. What is the length of latus rectum of the parabola?
(a) 100000 (b) 120000
(c) 130000 (d) 140000

v. What is the difference of deflection of beam at a distance of
1m and 2m from the centre?
1 1
(a) (b)
3 5
1 3
(c) (d)
4 7
45. A window is in the shape of parabola with a triangle inscribed in
it. The triangle is formed in such a way that the verticles of
triangle coincides with vertex of parabola and end points of latus
rectum. The equation of parabola is given by x2 – 24y.
What are the vertices of triangle
i. What are the verticle of triangle
ii. Find the length of altitude of the triangle -
iii. Find the area of the triangle?
iv. Find the length of the longest side of the triangle?
v. Find the length of latus rectum of the parabola?

46. The equation of the circle which passes through the points of
intersection of the circles x2 + y2 – 6x = 0 and x2 + y2 – 6y = 0
and has its centre at (3/2, 3/2) is -
(a) x2 + y2 + 3x + 3y + 9 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 + 3x + 3y = 0
(c) x2 + y2 – 3x – 3y = 0
(d) x2 + y2 – 3x – 3y + 9 = 0.
47. The centre of circle inscribed in square formed by the lines

x2– 8x + 12 = 0 andy2– 14y + 45 = 0 -
(a) (4,9) (b) (9,4)
(c) (7,4) (d) (4,7).
48. Value of p, for which the equation x2 + y2–2px + 4y– 12=0

represent a circle of radius 5 units is -
(a) 3 (b) – 3
(c) both (a) & (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b).
49. The eccentricity of the ellipse 9x2 + 25y2 = 225 is ‘e’ then the
value of ‘5e’ is -
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 2 (d) 1.
50. The centre of the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 12 = 0 is (a, b) then
(2a + 3 b) is -
(a) 0 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 5.

51. The radius of the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 12 = 0 is -
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 5.
52. The area of the triangle formed by the lines joining the vertex of
the parabola x2 = 8y to the ends of its latus rectum is -
(a) 4 sq. units (b) 8 sq. units
(c) 12 sq. units (d) 16 sq. units.
53. Match the following:
COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2
Conic Eccentricity
A CIRCLE P e<1
B PARABOLA Q e>1
C ELLIPSE R e=0
D HYPERBOLA S e=1
Which one of the following is true?
A → P, B→ Q, C→ R, D → S
A → S, B→ Q, C→ R, D → P
A → Q, B→ S, C→ R, D → P
A → R, B→ S, C→ P, D → Q
54. At what point on the parabola x2 = 9y is the abscissa three times
that of ordinate
(a) (1, 1) (b) (3, 1)
(c) (–3, 1) (d) (–3, –3)
55. The equation of parabola with vertex at origin and axis on x-axis
and passing through point (2, 3) is

9x
(a) y2 = 9x (b) y2 
2
2x
(c) y2 = 2x (d) y2 
9
56. If the centroid of an equilateral triangle is (1, 1) and its one
vertex is (–1, 2) then the equation of its circumcirle is
(a) x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – 3 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y – 3 = 0
(c) x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – 3 = 0
(d) none of these
57. If the circle x2 + y2 = a and x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 9 = 0 touch
externally, then a =
(a) 1 (b) –1
(c) 21 (d) 16
58. The area of the triangle formed by the line joining the vertex of
the parabola x2 = 12y to the ends of its latus rectum is
(a) 12 sq units (b) 16 sq units
(c) 18 sq units (d) 24 sq units
59. The eccentricity of the ellipse, if the distance between the foci is
equal to the length of the latus rectum is
5 1 5 1
(a) (b)
2 2
5 1
4

60. If e1 and e2 are respectively the eccentricities of the ellipse
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
  1 and the hyperbola   1 then, the relation
18 4 9 4
between, e1 and e2 is
(a) 3e12 + e22 = 2 (b) e12 + 2e22 = 3
(c) 2e12 + e22 = 3 (d) e12 + 3e22 + 2
alternative choices. Only one of which is the correct answer. You have
to select of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct, reason is a correct
explanation for asserction.
61. Parabola is symmetric with respect to the axis of the parabola.
Assertion: If the equation has a term y2, then the axis of
symmetry is along the x-axis.
Reason: If the equation has a term x2, then the axis of
symmetry is along the x-axis.
62. Let the centre of an ellipse is at (0, 0)
Assertion: If major axis is on the y-axis and ellipse passes
thorught the points (3, 2) and (1, 6), then the equation of ellipse
x2 y 2
is  1
10 40

x2 y 2
Reason:   1 is an equation of ellipse if major axis is
b2 a 2
along y-axis. (if a > b)
63. Assertion: Centre of the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 12 = 0 is
(3, – 2)
Reason: The coordinates of the centre of the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx
1 1
+ 2fy + c = 0 are (  coefficient of x,  coefficient of y)
2 2
9
64. Assertion: Radius of the circle 2x2 + 2y2 + 3x + 4y + = 0 is 1.
8
Reason: Radius of the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is
2 2
1  1 
 coeff. of x   coeff. of y  constant term
2 2
ANSWERS
1. (–1, 2) 2. 2 5 Units
3. x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y – 3 = 0 (Hint: Mid-point of diameter is center)
2 
4. 4.5 units 5.  , 0
3 
x2 y 2
6. (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 25 7.  1
16 25
4 3
8. 9. e= 2 3
3

10. 2 units (Hint: distance between two parallel tangents is the
length of diameter.)
11. Length of Major Axis = 10, Length of Major Axis = 8
x2 y2
12. – =1 13. (2, ±4)
16 9
2a
14. 18 (Hint: Distance between two directrices is )
e
16. x2 – y2 = a2 or y2 – x2 = a2 17. K = 12
x2 y2
18. + =1
9 25
19. x2 – y2 = 32 or y2 – x2 = 32
x2 y2
20. + =1 21. (1, 2)
52 13
x2 y2 x2 y2
22. + =1 23. – =1
90 65 4 12
13 3
24. e= 25. e=
3 2
26. 2x2 + 2y2 – 6x + 8y + 1 = 0
27. x2 + y2 – 8x + 4y – 5 = 0
30. x2 + y2 – 2cx ± 2cy + c2 = 0
31. 3x2 + 4y2 = 36, Ellipse
32. 15x2 – y2 = 15, Hyperbola
33. C1: (x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 1

C2: (x – 3)2 + (y – 1)2 = 1

C3: (x – 3)2 + (y – 3)2 = 1
C4: (x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 1
C5: (x – 2)2 + (y – 2)2 =  2 –1 
2
35. x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y + 16 = 0 or x2 + y2 – 14x – 12y + 76 = 0
36. x² + y² – 14x – 6y – 111 = 0 Centre (7, 3), Radius = 13 units
37. (x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25
38. x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y – 20 = 0 Centre(2, 1), Radius = 5 units
39. x2 + 2y2 = 100 40. 3x2 – y2 = 27
41. Point of contact = ( –1, –1)
42. (a) 3x – 4y – 10 = 0 or 3x – 4y + 20 = 0
(b) 3x – 4y + 31 = 0 or 3x – 4y – 19 = 0
43. (a) (x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 1 (b) (x + 2)2 + (y – 2)2 = 4

(c) (x + 3)2 + (y + 3)2 = 9 (d) (x – 4)2 + (y + 4)2 = 16
(e) x2 + (y ± 5)2 = 25 (f) (x ± 6)2 + y2 = 36
44. i. (a) ii. (b) iii. (b) iv. (b) v. (c)

45. i. (0, 0), (±3, 6) ii. 6 units iii. 72 sq units iv. 24 units v. 24 units
46. (c) 47. (d) 48. (c) 49. (b)
50. (a) 51. (d) 52. (b) 53. (d)
54. (b) 55. (b) 56. (a) 57. (a)
58. (c) 59. (a) 60. (c) 61. (c)
62. (b) 63. (a) 64. (a)

CHAPTER - 11
INTRODUCTION TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
KEY POINTS
 Three mutually perpendicular lines XOX, YOY and ZOZ in
space constitute rectangular coordinate system which in turn
divide the space into eight parts known as octants and the lines
are known as Coordinate axes.
 Coordinate axes: XOX', YOY', ZOZ' are respectively called x-

axis, y-axis and z-axis.
 Coordinate planes: XOY, YOZ, ZOX or XY, YX, ZX planes
 Octants: XOYZ, X'OYZ, X'OYZ, XOY'Z, XOYZ', X'OYZ,

XOY'Z' and XOYZ' denoted as I, II, ….. VIII octant respectively.
 Coordinates of a points lying on x-axis, y-axis and z-axis are of

the form (x,0,0), (0,y,0),(0,0,z) respectively.

 The signs of coordinates in eight octants are as follows:
(i) (+ + +) (iii) (- - +) (v) (+ + -) (vii) (- - -)
(ii) (- + +) (iv) (+ - +) (vi) (- + -) (viii) (+ - -)
 Coordinates of a points lying on xy-plane, yz-plane and xz-

plane are of the form (x,y,0), (0,y,z),(x,0,z) respectively.
 The reflection of the point (x, y, z) in xy-plane, yz-plane and
xz-plane is (x, y, –z), (–x, y,z) and (x, –y, z) respectively.
 Absolute value of the Coordinates of a point P (x, y, z)

represents the perpendicular distances of point P from three
coordinate planes YZ, ZX and XY respectively.
 The distance between the point A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) is
given by
AB = (x 2 – x1)2 + (y 2 – y1)2 + (z 2 – z1)2
1. What will be the image of (–1, 2, –3) in XZ plane.
2. What will be the image of (–1, 2, –3) in YZ plane.
3. In which octant The Point P (–5, 4, –3), lies?
4. If a < 0, b > 0 & c < 0, in which octant the Point P (a, b, –c) lies.

5. Find the perpendicular distance of the point P(- 6, 7, –8) from
xy-plane.

x-axis.

z-axis.
8. Find the coordinates of foot of perpendicular from (3, 7, 9) on

y-axis.
9. If the distance between the points (a, 2, 1) and (1, –1, 1) is 5, then
find the sum of all possible value of a.
10. Name the axis formed by intersection of two planes xy-plane and
yz-plane.
11. Find Distance of the point (3, 4, 5) from the origin (0, 0, 0).
12. If (c – 1) >0, (a + 2)<0 and b > 0 then the point P(a, –b, c) lies in
which octant?
13. What are the coordinates of the vertices of a cube whose edge is
2 unit, one of whose vertices coincides with the origin and the
three edges passing through the origin coincides with the positive
direction of the axes through the origin?
14. Let A, B, C be the feet of perpendiculars from point P(1, –2, –3)
on the xy-plane, yz-plane and xz-plane respectively. Find the
coordinates of A, B, C.
15. If a parallelepiped is formed by planes drawn through the point

(5,8,10) and (3,6,8) parallel to the coordinates planes, then find
the length of the diagonal of the parallelepiped.
16. Find the length of the longest piece of a string that can be
stretched straight in a rectangular room whose dimensions are
13,10 and 8 unit.

17. Show that points (4, –3, –1), (5, –7, 6) and (3, 1, –8) are collinear.
18. Find the point on y–axis which is equidistant from the point
(3,1,2) and (5, 5, 2).
19. Determine the point in yz plane which is equidistant from three

points A(2, 0, 3), B(0, 3, 2) and C(0, 0, 1).
20. Find the length of the medians of the triangle with vertices
A(0, 0, 3), B(0, 4, 0) and C (5, 0, 0).
21. If the extremities (end points) of a diagonal of a square are

(1,– 2, 3) and (2,–3, 5) then find the length of the side of square.
22. Three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are A(6,–2,4)

B(2, 4,–8), C(–2, 2, 4). Find the coordinates of the fourth vertex.
23. If the points A(1, 0, –6), B(3, p, q) and C(5, 9, 6) are collinear, find
the value of p and q.
24. Show that the point A(1, 3, 0), B(–5, 5,, 2), C(–9, –1, 2) and
D(–3, –3, 0) are the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD, but it is
not a rectangle. (Hint: diagonals are not equal)
25. Describe the vertices and edges of the rectangular parallelepiped

with one vertex (3, 5, 6) placed in the first octant with one vertex
at origin and edges of parallelepiped lie along x, y and z-axis.
26. Find the coordinates of the point which is equidistant from the
point (3, 2, 2), (–1, 2, 2), (4, 5, 6) and (2, 1, 2).
27. Show that the points (0, 7, 10), (-1, 6, 6) and (-4, 9, 6) form a right
angled isosceles triangle.
28. Show that the points (5, -1, 1), (7, -4, 7), (1, -6, 10) and (-1, -3, 4)
are the vertices of a rhombus.

29. Consider a ABC with vertices A(x1, y1, z1), B(x2, y2, z2) and
C(x3, y3, z3). AD, BE and CF are medians of ABC.
Median
Based on the above information, answer the following

questions:-
i. Coordinates of Point D are?
 x +x y +y z +z   x + x 3 y 2 + y 3 z 2 + z3 
(a)  1 2 , 1 2 , 1 2  (b)  2 , , 
 2 2 2   2 2 2 
 x +x y +y z +z 
(c)  3 1 , 3 1 , 3 1  (d) None of these
 2 2 2 
ii. A point G divides AD in 2 : 1, the coordinates of G are
 x + x + x 3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 z1 + z 2 + z3 
(a)  1 2 , , 
 3 3 3 
 x + 2x 2 y1 + 2y 2 z1 + 2z 2 
(b)  1 , , 
 3 3 3 
 x + 2x1 y 2 + 2y1 z 2 + 2z1 

(c)  2 , , 
 3 3 3 
(d) None of these

iii. For ABC, G is
(a) Incentre (b) Circumcentre
(c) Centroid (d) Orthocentre
iv. G divides BE in ratio
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 3 : 1 (d) 1 : 3
v. If ABC is equilateral, then coordinates of circumcentre are
 x1 + x 2 + x 3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 z1 + z 2 + z 3 
 , , 
(a)  3 3 3 
 x1 + x 2 + x 3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 z1 + z 2 + z 3 
 , , 
(b)  2 2 2 
 x1 + x 3 y1 + y 3 z1 + z 3 
 , , 
(c)  2 2 2 
(d) None of these
30. ABCD is a field in shape of parallelogram coordinate of A, B and C

are (3, –1, 2), (1, 2, –4) and (–1, 1, 2) resp.
A D
B C
i Coordinates of mid point of AC be
ii. Coordinates of D be

iii. Length of side BC is
iv. Coordinates of centroid G of ABC be
v. Length of AC is
31. A point on Z-plane which is equidistant from the points (1, -1, 0),
(2, 1, 2), (3, 2, -1) is
 1 31  1 31
(a)  ,0,  (b)  10 ,0, 5 
 5 10 
 31 1   31 1
(c)  ,0,  (d)  5 ,0, 10 
 10 5 
32. Lengths of medians of triangle ABC with vertices
A(0, 0, 2), B(0, 4, 0) and C(8, 0, 0) are:
(a) 2 6, 33, 69 (b) 2, 4, 8
(c) 8, 4, 2 (d) 2 5, 10, 2 17
33. A point on y-axis which is at a distance of 10 from the point (1,

2, 3) is
(a) (2, 0, 2) (b) (0, 2, 2)
(c) (2, 2, 2) (d) (0, 2, 0)
34. The locus of a point for which y = 0, z = 0 is
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis
(c) z-axis (d) y and z-axes

35. A line is parallel to xy-plane if all points on the line have equal
(a) x-coordinates (b) y-coordinates
(c) z-coordinates (d) x and y-coordinate
36. x-axis is the intersection of two planes
(a) xy and xz (b) yz and zx
(c) xy and yz (d) none of these
37. If the distance between the points (a, 0, 1) and (0, 1, 2) is 27 ,

then the value of a is
(a) 5 (b) ±5
(c) – 5 (d) None of these
38. The point (2, 3, –4) lies in the
(a) First octant (b) Second octant
(c) Fifth octant (d) Seventh octant
39. x = a. represents a plane parallel to
(a) xy – plane (b) yz-plane
(c) xz-plane (d) none of these
40. The distance between the point (a, b, c) and (0, 0, -c) is
(a) a2  b2 (b) a2  b2  c 2
(c) a 2  b 2  2c 2 (d) a 2  b 2  4c 2

Direction: Each of these questions contains two statements, Assertion
codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below:
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a

(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct
41. Assertion: If three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are A(3, –1,

2) B(1, 2, –4) and C(–1, 1, 2), then the fourth vertex is (1, –2, 8).
Reason: Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other and mid-

point of AC and BD coincide.
42. Assertion: The distance of a point P(x, y, z) from the origin O(0, 0,
0) is given by OP = x2  y 2  z 2 .
Reason: A point is on the x-axis. Its y-coordinate and z-

coordinate are 0 and 0 respectively.
43. Assertion: Coordinates (–1, 2, 1), (1, –2, 5), (4, –7, 8) and (2, –3,
4) are the vertices of a parallelogram.
Reason: Opposite sides of a parallelograom are equal and

diagonals are not equal.
44. Assertion: If P(x, y, z) is any point in the space, then x, y and z

are perpendicular distance from YZ, ZX and XY-planes,
respectively.

Reason: If three planes are drawn parallel to YZ, ZX and XY-
planes such that they intersect X, Y and Z-axes at (x, 0, 0), (0, y,
0) and (0, 0, z), then the planes meet in space at a point P(x, y, z).
45. Assertion: The distance between the points P(1, – 3, 4) and

Q(–4, 1, 2) is 5 units.
Reason: PQ = ( x2  x1 ) 2  ( y2  y1 ) 2  ( z2  z1 ) 2
ANSWERS
1. (–1, –2, –3) 2. (1, 2, –3)

3. Octant VI (OX’ YZ’) 4. Octant II (OX’ YZ)
5. 8 units 6. 13 units
7. 5 units 8. (0, 7, 0)
9. 5 + (–3) = 2 10. Y-axis
11. 5 2 12. Octant III (OX’ Y’Z)
13. (2, 0, 0) , (2, 2, 0) , (0, 2, 0) , (0, 2, 2) , (2, 0, 2), (0, 0, 2) , (2, 2, 2)
14. (4, –3, 0) , (0, –3, –5) , (4, 0, –5)
15. 2 3
16. 333 18. (0, 5, 0)
77 7 2 5 5
19. (0, 1, 3) 20. , ,
2 2 2
21. 3 22. (2, –4, 16)

9
23. p ,q  0
2
25. (0, 0, 0), (3, 0, 0), (3, 5, 0), (0, 5, 0), (0, 5, 6)
(0, 0, 6), (3, 0, 6), (3, 5, 6), 61, 45 , 34
26. (1, 3, 5)
27. [Hint: length of three side of triangle is 3 2, 3 2, 6 ]
28. [Hint: each side= 7 units]
29. i. (b) ii. (a) iii. (c) iv. (b) v. (a)
30. i. (1, 0, 2) ii. (1, –2, 8) iii. 41 iv. (1, 2/3, 0) v. 2 5
31. (c) 32. (a) 33. (d)
34. (a) 35. (c) 36. (a)
37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (b)
40. (d) 41. (a) 42. (b)
43. (a) 44. (d) 45. (d)

CHAPTER - 12
LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES
KEY POINTS
 To check whether limit of f(x) as x approaches to a exists
i.e., lim f ( x ) exists, we proceed as follows.
xa
(i) Find L.H.L at x = a using L.H.L. = lim f ( a  h ).

h0
(ii) Find R.H.L at x = a using R.H.L. = lim f ( a  h).

h0
(iii) If both L.H.L. and R.H.L. are finite and equal, then limit at
x = a i.e., lim f ( x ) exists and equals to the value obtained
xa
from L.H.L or R.H.L else we say “limit does not exist”.
 lim f ( x )  l , if and only if lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )  l

x a x a x a
 ALGEBRA OF LIMITS: Let f, g be two functions such that

lim f ( x)  l , and lim g ( x)  m.
x c x c
 lim[ f ( x )]   lim f ( x )   l , for all R


xc xc
 lim[ f ( x )  g ( x )]  lim f ( x )  lim g ( x )  l  m

xc xc xc
 lim[ f ( x )  g ( x )]  lim f ( x )  lim g ( x )  l  m

xc xc xc
f ( x) lim f ( x) l
 lim  x c  , m  0, g ( x)  0
x c g ( x) lim g ( x) m
x c

1 1 1
 lim   , l  0, f ( x)  0
x c f ( x) lim f ( x) l
x c
 lim[ f ( x)]n  [(lim f ( x)]n  l n , for all n  N

x c x c
 SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS ON LIMITS:
xn  an sin x
 lim  n  a n1 lim 1
x a x  a x 0 x

tan x 1  cos x
 lim 1 lim 0
x 0 x 
x 0 x
ex 1 ax 1
 lim 1 lim  loge a
x 0 x 
x 0 x
1
log(1  x) x
 lim 1 lim(1  x)  e
x 0 x 
x 0
 lim f ( x )  lim f (  x )
x  0 x  0
 SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS ON DERIVATIVE:
d d
 (sin x )  cos x  (cot x)   cosec 2 x
dx dx
d d
 (cos x )   sin x  (sec x)  sec x  tan x
dx dx
d d
 (tan x )  sec 2 x  (cosecx)   cosecx  cot x
dx dx

d n d
 ( x )  nx n 1  (e x )  e x
dx dx
d 1 d 1
 ( x)   (log x ) 
dx 2 x dx x
d d

dx
( a )  0, a  constant  ( a x )  a x  log a
dx
 Logarithm Properties: ab = c (exponential form)

Logac = b, (log form) a > 0, c > 0
 log e ( A  B )  log e A  log e B 
 logaa = 1
 A 1
 log e    log e A  log e B  logba =
B log a b
log c a
 loge ( Am )  m  loge A  log b a 
log c b
(base change formula)
 log a (1)  0  amlogak = km
 log B ( A)  x, then B x  A
 Let y = f(x) be a function
defined in some Q[a+h, f(a+h)]
neighbourhood of the
point ‘a’. Let P[a, f(a)]
P[a, f(a)]
and Q[a + h, f(a + h)]
are two points on the
graph of f(x) where h is
very small and h ≠ 0.

f ( a  h)  f ( a )
Slope of PQ  lim
h 0 h
 If lim point Q approaches to P and the line PQ becomes a
h0
tangent to the curve at point P.

f (a  h)  f (a )
lim (if exists) is called derivative of f(x) at the
h0 h
point ‘a’. It is denoted by f’(a).
 ALGEBRA OF DERIVATIVES:
d d
 [c  f ( x )]  c  [ f ( x )], where c is a constant
dx dx
d d d
 [ f ( x )  g ( x )]  [ f ( x )]  [ g ( x)]
dx dx dx
Product Rule:
d d d
 [ f ( x )  g ( x )]  f ( x )  [ g ( x )]  g ( x) [ f ( x)]
dx dx dx
Quotient Rule:
d d
g ( x)  [ f ( x)]  f ( x )  [ g ( x )]
d  f ( x)  dx dx
   2
dx  g ( x )  [ g ( x )]
 If y = f(x) is a given curve then slope of the tangent to the

dy
curve at the point (h,k) is given by | and is denoted
dx (h, k)
by ‘m’

4x  3
1. Evaluate lim
x 3 x  2
x2  x  2
2. Evaluate lim
x 2 x 1
x 4  16
3. Evaluate lim
x 2 x  2
(1  x )8  1
4. Evaluate lim
x 0 x
sin2 3 x
5. Evaluate lim
x 0 x2
sin3 x
6. Evaluate lim 2
x 0 x3
1  cos x
7. Evaluate lim
x 0 x2
2x  1
8. Evaluate lim
x 0 x
5x  1
9. Evaluate lim x
x 0 3  1
32 x  1
10. Evaluate lim
x 0 x
log(1  3 x )
11. Evaluate lim
x 0 x
7x  1
12. Evaluate lim
x 0 tan x
13. Differentiate f ( x )  x 2  cos x

dy
14. If y  ( x  1)( x  2), find
dx
x5 dy
15. If y  , find
x 3 dx
Short Answer Type Questions

(1  x ) m  1
16. Evaluate lim
x 0 (1  x ) n  1
(sin2 x)  3 x
17. Evaluate lim
x 0 2 x  (tan 3x )
1  cos 2 x
18. Evaluate lim
x 0 1  cos 4 x
dy
19. If y = sin2x.cos3x, then .
dx
dy
20. If y = sin 2x.cos3x, then .
dx
sin x
21. Differentiate with respect to x.
x
22. Differentiate x 3 33  3 x with respect to x.
1
23. Differentiate sin 2 ( x 3  x  1)  with respect to x.
sec ( x 3  x  1)
2
a b bc ca
 xa   xb   xc 
24. Differentiate  b   c   a  with respect to x.
x  x  x 
1 1 1
25. Differentiate ba ca
 a b c b
 a c
w.r.t to x.
1 x x 1 x x 1 x  x b c
26. Find the derivative of x using first principle method.

x4  1 x3  k 3
27. If lim  lim 2 , then find the value of k.
x 1 x  1 x k x  k 2
28. Find the derivative of (x – 1)(x + 1)(x2 + 1)(x4 + 1) with respect

to x.
x8  1
29. Differentiate 4 with respect to x.
x 1
Differentiate the following with respect to x using First principle

method. (For Q. 30 – 35)
1
30.
x
31. x
32. cos( x  1)
33. sin x
2x  3
34.
x 1
35. x cos x
Evaluate the following Limits: (For Q. 36 – 58)
2 x8  3 x 2  1
36. lim 8
x  x  6 x 5  7
x3  6 x2  11x  6
37. lim
x 2 x2  6 x  8

1  cos 2 x
38. lim
x 0 x  tan 3 x
sin x  cos x
39. lim
x 
4 x
4
3 sin x  cos x
40. lim
x 
6 x
6
sin x
41. lim 0
(where x0 represents x degree)
x 0 tan x
3
x  27
2
42. lim
x 9 x 2  81
5 5
( x  2) 2  (a  2) 2
43. lim
xa xa
cos ax  cos bx
44. lim
x 0 1  cos x
cos x  cos a
45. lim
xa cot x  cot a
1  sec3 x
46. lim
x  tan 2 x
x 1
47. lim
x 1 log e x
xe
48. lim
xe (log e x )  1

 4 1 
49. lim  3 
x2
 x  2x
2
2  x 
 a  2 x  3x 
50. lim  
 3a  x  2 x 
xa
sin(2  x)  sin(2  x)
51. lim
x 0 x
1  cos x  cos 2 x
52. lim
x 0 sin 2 x
6 x  2 x  3x  1
53. lim
x0 log(1  x 2 )
tan x  sin x
54. lim
x0 sin 3 x
1  tan x
55. lim

x  1  2 sin x
4
56. Find the values of a and b if lim f ( x ) and lim f ( x ) exists where
x2 x4
 x 2  ax  b, 0  x  2

f ( x)  3 x  2, 2 x4
 2ax  5b, 4  x  8

57. Differentiate the following w.r.t.
( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)
(a)
x2  5x  6
 1  1  2 1  4 1 
(b)  x   x   x  2  x  4 
 x  x  x  x 

x sin x  cos x
(c)
x sin x  cos x
(d) x  sin x  e x
58. Prove the following statements
x dy (1  y ) y
(a) If y  , then 
x2 dx x
dy  
(b) If y  e x cos x, then  2 e x cos  x  
dx  4
1 x dy 2
(c) If y  , then 
1 x dx (1  x)2
 dy 
(d) If xy  4, then x   y 2   3 y
 dx 

59. Mr. Pradeep has a rectangular plot, which is used for growing
vegetables. Perimeter of plot is 50m. Length and width of plot are
x m and y m respectively.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:-

i. Relation between x and y is
(a) x + y = 50 (b) x + y = 100
(c) x + y = 25 (d) x = y
ii. Area function, A(x) =
(a) x2 – 5 (b) 25x – x2 (c) x2 – 25x (d) 25 – x
iii. Derivative of A(x) w.r.t. x [A’(x)] =
(a) 2x (b) –2x (c) 25 – 2x (d) 2x – 25
iv. Value of x for which A’(x) = 0 is
(a)25 (b) 12.5 (c) 5 (d) 0
v. Value of A(x) at x = 12.5 is
(a) 625 (b) 250 (c) 156.25 (d) 144.25
60. Consider the following functions.
u ( x)  x , v ( x )  cot x, f ( x)  u ( x)  v( x)
u ( x) v( x)
g ( x)  and h( x ) 
v( x) u ( x)
i. Derivative of u ( x) is ii. Derivative of v( x) is

iii. Derivative of f ( x) is iv. Derivative of g ( x) is
v. Derivative of h( x) is

Note: Q.61 – Q.70 are Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), select

the correct alternatives out of given four alternatives in each.
sin x
61. lim is -
x  x
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) –1 (d) does not exist.
x n  2n
62. If lim  80, then n is -
x 2 x2
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5.
x4  1
63. If L  lim , then 3L is -
x 1 x3  1
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) None of these.
(1  x )16  1
64. lim is -
x  0 (1  x ) 4  1
(a) 0 (b) 4
(c) 8 (d) 16.
x  x 2  x3  x 4  4
65. lim is -
x 1 x 1
(a) 0 (b) 4
(c) 10 (d) Does not exist.
sec 2 x  2
66. lim is -
x
4
tan x  1
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 4.

1  cos x cos 2 x
67. lim is
x 0 x2
1 3
(a) (b)
2 2
2
(c) (d) 1
3
68. lim( x  x  x  x ) is
x 0
1 3
(a) (b)
2 2
2
(c) (d) 1
3
4 4 dy
69. If y  sin x  cos x, then 
dx
(a) 4sin3x + 4cos3x (b) 4sin3x - 4cos3x
(c) –sin 4x (d) 0.
e x  e x dy
70. If y  x x
then is
e e dx
(a) y2 (b) 1 + y2
(c) y2 – 1 (d) 1 – y2
sin x
71. lim equals.
x  x
(a) 0 (b) 
(c) 1 (d) does not ewists
 
sin x
3 
72. lim is equal to
 2 cos x 1
x
3
1
(a) 3 (b)
2
1
(c) (d) 0
3

x4
73. If f(x) = , then f(1) is
2 x
5 4
(a) (b)
4 5
(c) 1 (d) 0
xn  an
74. If f(n) = , then f (a) is
xa
(a) 1 (b) 0
1
(c) (d) does not exist
2
sin( x  9) dy
75. If y  then at x = 0 is
cos x dx
(a) cos 9 (b) sin 9
(c) 0 (d) 1

sin ax a
76. Assertion: lim 
x0 bx b
sin ax b
Reason: lim  (a, b  0)
x  0 sin bx a

77. Assertion: lim(cos es x  cot x )  0
x0
tan 2 x
Reason: lim  1
x 
2 x
2
78. Assertion: If a and b are non-zero constants, then the derivative
of f(x) = ax + b is a.
Reason: If a, b and c are non-zero constants, then the
derivative of f(x) = ax2 + bx + c is ax + b.
79. Let a1, a2, a3, ..... an be fixed real numbers and define a function
f(x) = (x – a1) (x – a2) .... (x – an), then
Assertion: lim f ( x )  0
x  a1
Reason: lim ( x)  (a – a1 )(a  a2 )...(a  an ), for some a = a1, a2,

x a
..... an.
80. Assertion: Suppose f is real valued function, the derivative of f

f ( x  h)  f ( x )
at x is given by f’(x) is given by f’(x) = lim
h 0 h
Reason: If y = f(x) is the function, then derivative of ‘f’ at any x is
denoted by f’(x).
ANSWERS
1. 15 2. 4
3. 32 4. 8
1
5. 9 6.
8
1
7. 8. log 2
2

9. log 3 5 10. –2 log 3
11. –3 12. log 7
13. 2x – sinx 14. 2x – 1
4 x5  15 x 4
15. 16. m/n
( x  3)2
1
17. 1 (Hint: divide by x) 18. (Hint: cos2 = 1 – 2 sin2 )
4
19. cos2x.sinx(2cos2x – 3sin2x) 20. 2cos2x.cos3x – 3sin2x.sin3x
xcosx – sinx
21. 22. 3x2 + 3x.log3
x2
23. 0 (Hint: Use sin2 + cos2 = 1)
24. 0 (Hint: firstly simplify and then differentiate)
25. 0 (Hint: Simplify and then differentiate)
26. 1
8 xn  an
27. (Hint: Use lim  na n 1 )
3 x  a xa
28. 8x7 (Hint: Simplify using identify (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2)
29. 4x3 (Hint: Simplify using identify (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2)
1
30.
x2
1
31. 32. –sin(x + 1)
2 x

1 –1
33. cot x sin x 34.
2 (x +1)2
35. cos x  x sin x 36. 2
1 2
37. 38.
2 3
39. 2 40. – 2
1800 1
41. 42.
 4
3
5(a + 2) 2
43. 44. b2 – a2
2
–3
45. sin3a 46.
2
47. 1 48. e
2
49. –1 50.
3 3
3
51. 2cos2 52.
2
1
53. (log 2) (log 3) 54.
2
55. 2 56. a = –3, b = – 2
57. (a) 1 (b) 8x + 8x–9

–2(x + sinx  cosx)
(c) (d) ex (xsinx + xcosx + sinx)
(xsinx – cosx)2
59. i. (c) ii. (b) iii. (c) iv. (b) v. (c)

1 2 2 x cos es2 x  cot x
60. i. x ii. –coses x iii.
2 2 x

2 x cosec2 x  cot x (2 x cosec2 x  cot x )
iv. v.
2 x cot 2 x 2 x3/2
61. (c) 62. (d) 63. (c)
64. (b) 65. (c) 66. (c)
67. (b) 68. (a) 69. (c)
70. (d) 71. (a) 72. (c)
73. (a) 74. (d) 75. (a)
76. (c) 77. (c) 78. (c)
79. (a) 80. (b)

CHAPTER - 13
STATISTICS
KEY CONCEPT
 Range of Ungrouped Data and Discrete Frequency Distribution.
 RANGE = Largest observation – smallest observation.
 Range of Continuous Frequency Distribution.
 Upper Limit of Highest Class – Lower Limit of Lowest Class.
 Mean deviation for ungrouped data or raw data:
M .D. (about mean) 

 | xi  x | , where x is the Mean.
n
M .D. (about median) 

 | xi  M | , where M is the Median.
n
 Mean deviation for grouped data (Discrete frequency

distribution and Continuous frequency distribution):

f i | xi  x |
, where x is the Mean.
N

 fi | xi  M |
, where M is the Median.
N
Note: N   fi
 Variance is defined as the mean of the squares of the deviations

from mean.

 Standard deviation ‘’ is positive square root of variance.
  Variance
 Variance ‘2’and standard deviation (SD)  for ungrouped data
1 1
2   ( xi  x ) 2  S . D.     ( xi  x ) 2
n n
 Standard deviation of a discrete frequency distribution
1 1
S .D.   
N
 fi ( xi  x )2  N N  f i xi 2  ( f i xi ) 2
 Short cut method to find variance and standard deviation
h2  2
Variance    2 N  fi yi 2 
N 
2
  f y  
i i
h 2
S .D.    N  f i yi 2    f i yi 
N
xi  A
where yi  , A = Assumed mean
h
 If each observation is multiplied by a positive constant k then

variance of the resulting observations becomes k2 times of the
original value and standard deviation becomes k times of the
original value.
 If each observation is increased by k, where k is positive or

negative, then variance and standard deviation remains same.
 Standard deviation is independent of choice of origin but

depends on the scale of measurement.

n 1
 The mean of first ‘n; natural number is .
2
 The mean of first ‘n’ even natural numbers = (n + 1)
1. The sum of the squares of deviation for 10 observations taken

from their mean 50 is 250. Find Standard Deviation.
2. The sum of the squares of deviation for 10 observations taken

from their mean 25 is 500. Find Variance.
3. If the variance of 14, 18, 22, 26, 30 is ‘k’, then find the variance
of 28, 36, 44, 52, 60.
4. Find the Variance of First 10 Natural Numbers.
5. Find the Variance of First 5 Multiples of 6.
6. Find the Standard Deviations of First 10 Even Natural numbers.
7. Find the Standard deviation for the following data:
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90
8. Find the variance for the following Data:
Class-Interval Frequency
0 - 10 1
10 - 20 2
20 – 30 3
30 – 40 3
40 – 50 1

LONG ANSWER TYPE – I QUESTIONS
9. In a series of ‘2p’ observations, half of the observations are

equal ‘a’ each and remaining half equal (–a) each. If the
standard deviation of the observations is 2, then find the value of
|a|.
10. In the following Distribution
x f
A 2
2A 1
3A 1
4A 1
5A 1
6A 1
Where A is positive integer, has a variance of 160. Determine
the value of A.
11. Find the mean deviation from mean of first n terms of an

Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) with first term is ‘a’ and Common
difference is ‘d’.
12. Find the Variance and Standard Deviation of first n terms of an

Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) with first term is ‘a’ and Common
difference is ‘d’.
13. Consider the first 10 positive integers. If we multiply each

number by –1 and then add 1 to each number, find the variance
of the numbers so obtained.
14. Two sets each of 20 obvservations, have the same standard
deviation 5. The first set has a mean 17 and the second a mean
22. Determine the SD of the set obtained by combining the given
two sets.

15. The mean of 5 observations is 4.4 and their variance is 8.24. If
three of the observationsare 1, 2 and 6. Find the other two
observations.
16. Calculate the possible values of ‘x’ if standard deviation of the
numbers 2, 3, 2x and 11 is 3.5.
17. Mean and standard deviation of the data having 18 observations
were found to be 7 and 4 respectively. Later it was found that
12 was miscopied as 21 in calculation. Find the correct mean
and the correct standard deviation.
18. Suppose a population A has 100 observations 101, 102,…...,
200. Another population B has 100 observations 151, 152,…….,
250. If VAand VBrepresent the variances of the two populations
respectively then find the ratio of VAand VB.
LONG ANSWER TYPE – II QUESTIONS

19. Calculate the mean deviation about mean for the following data.
X 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
f 2 2 4 5 3 2 1 1
2
20. If for a distribution  ( x  5)  3,  ( x  5)  43 and the total
number of item is 18, find the mean and standard deviation.
21. Calculate the mean deviation about median for the following
data:
X 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
f 7 3 8 5 6 8 4 4
22. There are 60 students in a class. The following is the frequency

distribution of the marksobtained by the students in a test :
X 0 1 2 3 4 5
f p–2 p p2 (p + 1)2 2p 2p + 1

where p is positive integer. Determine the mean and standard
deviation of the marks.
23. Calculate the mean deviation about mean

Class
10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50 50 - 60 60 - 70 70 - 80
Interval
f 2 3 8 14 8 3 2
24. Mean and standard deviation of 100 observations were found to

be 40 and 10respectively. If at the time of calculation two
observations were wrongly taken as 30 and70 in place of 3 and
27 respectively. Find correct standard deviation.
25. Calculate the mean deviation about mean for the following data:
Class
0 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50
Interval
f 5 8 15 16 6
26. Calculate the mean deviation about median for the following data:
Class
30 - 40 40 - 50 50 - 60 60 - 70 70 - 80 80 - 90
Interval
f 8 10 10 16 14 2
27. The mean and standard deviation of some data taken for the
time to complete a test are calculated with following results:
Number of observations = 25,
mean = 18.2 seconds
Standard deviation = 3.25 seconds
Further another set of 15 observations x1, x2, ………....., x15,

also in seconds is now available and we have
15 15
x i  279 and  xi 2  5524.

i 1 i 1

Calculate the standard deviation based on all 40 observations.
28. Find the mean deviation about mean of the following data:
Class Interval f
20 - 29 5
30 - 39 12
40 - 49 15
50 - 59 20
60 - 69 18
70 - 79 10
80 - 89 6
90 - 99 4

29. Following data represents the salaries of 11 employees in a firm
10000, 12000, 15000, 13000, 11000, 12000, 12000, 14000,
10000, 13000, 12000.
i. Find the mean salary.

(a) 11181.82 (b) 12181.82
(c) 13181.82 (d) 10000.82

ii. What is the median salary?
(a) 12000 (b) 11000
(c) 12181.82 (d) 11181.82
iii. When arranged in ascending order, which entry gives the
median salary?
(a)6th (b) 5th (c) 4th (d) 7th
iv. The mean deviation about the median salary is
(a)1190.99 (b) 1000 (c) 1100 (d) 1090.91
v. What is the range of salaries?
(a)4500 (b) 4000 (c) 5000 (d) 6000
30. Following are the prices of shares X and Y (of ten days) :
Days X Y
1 35 108
2 54 107
3 52 105
4 53 105
5 56 106
6 58 107
7 52 104

8 50 103
9 51 104
10 49 101
i. What is the mean prince of the share X during these 10 days?

(a) 52 (b) 51 (c) 50.3 (d) 51.5
ii. What is the mean prince of the share Y during these 10 days?
(a) 105 (b) 106 (c) 104 (d) 107
iii. What is the standard deviation of the price of share X?
(a) 5.01 (b) 6.75 (c) 5.92 (d) 7.25
iv. What is the standard deviation of the price of share Y?
(a) 1.75 (b) 2.87 (c) 1.25 (d) 2
v. If a person wants to invest in shares (X or Y) whose price
remain more stable. He should invest in
(a) X
(b) Y
(c) Both are equally stable. So, he can invest iin anyone
(d) Insufficient data to decide
Note: Q.31–Q.46 are Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), select

the correct alternatives out of given four alternatives in each.
31. The variance of 10 observations is 16 and their mean is 12. If

each observation is multiplied by 4, what is the new mean -
(a) 12 (b) 16
(c) 24 (d) 48.

32. The variance of 10 observations is 16 and their mean is 12. If
each observation is multiplied by 4, what is the new standard
deviation -
(a) 4 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) 32.
33. The standard deviation of 25 observations is 4 and their mean is

25. If each observation isincreased by 10, what is the new
mean-
(a) 25 (b) 29
(c) 30 (d) 35.
34. The standard deviation of 25 observations is 4 and their mean is
25. If each observation is increased by 10, what is the new
variance -
(a) 4 (b) 14
(c) 16 (d) 25.
35. Match the following:

If the mean of x1, x2, ….….., x20 is 10.
Column-1 Column-2
A mean of 2x1, 2x2, …..…..., 2x20 P 0
mean of (–3x1 + 32), (–3x2 + 32), …...,
B Q 2
( 3x20 +32)
mean of (x1 + 2), (x2 + 2), ………....,
C R 12
(x20 + 2)
mean of (x1 – 10), (x2 – 10), ……...,
D S 20
(x20 – 10)
(a) A → P, B→ Q, C→ R, D → S
(b) A → S, B→ Q, C→ R, D → P
(c) A → Q, B→ S, C→ R, D → P
(d) A → S, B→ Q, C→ P, D → R

5n
36. If mean of first n natural numbers is , then n =
9
(a) 5 (b) 4
(c) 9 (d) 10
37. Find the mean of 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 4, 8, 12
(a) 9 (b) 10
(c) 12 (d) 13
38. The mean deviation of the data 2, 9, 9, 3, 6, 9, 4 from the mean
is
(a) 2.23 (b) 2.57
(c) 3.23 (d) 3.57
39. The following information relates to a sample of size
60 : x 2  18000, x  960
The variance is
(a) 6.63 (b) 16
(b) 22 (d) 44
40. The standard deviation of the data 6, 5, 9, 13, 12, 8, 10 is
52 52
(a) (b)
7 7
(c) 6 (d) 6
41. The variance of n observation x1, x2, ....... , xn is given by
1 n 1 n
(a)     ( xi  x ) (b)  2   ( x1  x ) 2
n i 1 n i 1
1 n 1 n
2
(c)    ( x i  x ) (d)    ( xi  x ) 2
2
n i 1 n i 1

42. Variance of the numbers 3, 7, 10, 18, 22 is equal to
(a) 12 (b) 64
(c) 49.2 (d) 49.2

43. The mean deviation from the mean of the following data:
Marks 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50
No. of students 5 8 15 16 6
is
(a) 10 (b) 10.22
(c) 9.86 (d) 9.44
44. The mean of the numbers, a, b, 8, 5, 10 is 6 and the variance is
6.80. Then which one of the following gives possible values of a
and b?
(a) a = 0, b = 7 (b) a = 5, b = 2
(c) a = 1, b = 6 (d) a = 3, b = 4
45. Find the mean deviation about the mean for the data: 12, 3, 18,
17, 4, 9, 17, 19, 20, 15, 8, 17, 2, 3, 16, 11, 3, 1, 0, 5
(a) 5.2 (b) 6.2
(c) 7.2 (d) 8.2
46. Find the mean deviation about the mean for the data:
x1 5 10 15 20 25
fi 7 4 6 3 5
(a) 6.32 (b) 7.32
(c) 8.32 (d) 9.32
Directions: Each of these questions contains two statements. Assertion
codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.

(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct;l reason is not a correct
Prouduct of deviations
47. Assertion: Mean of deviations =
No. of observations
Reason: To find the dispersion of values of x from mean x , we
take absolute measure of dispersion.
48. Let x1, x2, ..... xn be n observations, and let x be their arithmetic
mean and 2 be the variance.
Assertion: Variance of 2x1, 2x2,...... 2xn is 42.
Reason: Arithmetic mean of 2x1, 2x2, .... 2xn is 4 x .
49. Assertion: The range is the difference between two extreme
observations of the distribution.
Reason: The variance of a variate X is the arithmetic mean of
the squares of all deviations of X from the arithmetic mean of the
observations.
50. Assertion: The mean deviation of the data 2, 9, 9, 3, 6, 9, 4
from the mean is 2.57.
Reason: For individual observation.
Mean deviation ( X ) 
| x  x |
i

ANSWERS
1. 5 2. 50
3. 4k 4. 8.33
5. 72
6. 33 7. 10 6
8. 129 9. 2
(n – 1)(d – 1)
10 A=7 11.
2
(n2 –1) 2
12. Variance = d
12
(n2 – 1)
Standard Deviation = d
12
13. 8.25
 n112  n2 22 n1n2 ( x1  x2 ) 2 

14. 5.59 Hint:  S .D.   
 n 1  n2 n1  n2 
15. 4, 9
7 x 1
16. 3, Hint: x = 4+ S.D.   ( xi  x ) 2
3 2 n
126  12  21
17. 6.5, 2.5 Hint: [correct mean  ]
18
[Correct xi2 = 1170 – 212 + 122 = 873]

 1 2 2 
 (1  3  ....  992 ) 
2
 Hint: VA  
100
18. 1 : 1  
 1 2 2 2 
 (99  97  .....1 ) 
2
VB  
 100 
19. 2.8
20. Mean = 5.17, 21. 10.1
Standard Deviation = 1.53
22. Mean = 2.8,
Standard deviation = 1.12
23. 10
 
 Hint: correct mean = 39.3 
 
24. 10.24 Correct x i2  164938 
 164938 
Correct  2   (39.3)2 
 100 
25. 9.44 26. 11.44

27. 3.87
29. i. (b) ii. (a) iii. (a) iv. (d) v. (c)
30. i. (b) ii. (a) iii. (c) iv. (d) v. (b)
31. (d) 32. (c)
33. (d) 34. (c)
35. (b) 36. (c)
37. (a) 38. (b)
39. (d) 40. (a)

1 n
41. (b)  2   ( xi  x )2
n i 1
42. (d) Mean = 12, Veriance = 49.2

43. (d) 9.44
44. (d) a = 3, b = 4 [Hint: a + b = 7, a2 – 7a + 12 = 0]
45. (b) 6.2 [Hint: Mean = 10]
46. (a) 6.32 [Hint: Mean = 14]
47. (d) 48. (c)
49. (b) 50. (a)

CHAPTER - 14
PROBABILITY
KEY CONCEPT
 Random Experiment: If an experiment has more than one
possible outcome and it is not possible to predict the outcome in
advance then experiment is called random experiment.
 Sample Space: The collection or set of all possible outcomes of
a random experiment iscalled sample space associated with it.
Each element of the sample space (set) is called a sample
point.
 Event: A subset of the sample space associated with a random
experiment is called an event.
 Elementary or Simple Event: An event which has only one
Sample point is called a simple event.
 Compound Event: An event which has more than one sample
point is called a Compound event.
 Sure Event: If an event is same as the sample space of the
experiment, then event is called sure event. In other words an
event which is certain to happen is sure event.
 Impossible Event: Let S be the sample space of the
experiment,   S,  is called impossible event. In other words
an event which is impossible to happen is the impossible event.
 Exhaustive and Mutually Exclusive Events: If Events E1, E2,
E3……..En are n events of a sample space S such that
(i) E1U E2UE3U…….. UEn = S then Events E1, E2, E3……..En
are called exhaustive events.

(ii) Ei ∩Ej =for every i ≠ j then Events E1, E2, E3……..En are
called mutually exclusive.
 Probability of an Event: For a finite sample space S with

equally likely outcomes, probability of an event A is defined as:
n(A)
P(A) =
n(S)
where n(A) is number of elements in A and n(S) is number of
elements in set S and 0  P(A)  1
(a) If A and B are any two events then

P(A or B) = P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= P(A) + P(B) – P (A and B)
(b) A and B are mutually exclusive events, then

P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) (since P(A ∩ B) = 0 for mutually
exclusive events)
(c) P(A)+P(A) = 1or P(A) + P(not A) = 1
(d) P (Sure event) = P(S) = 1
(e) P (impossible event) = P() = 0
(f) P( A – B) = P(A) – P(A ∩ B) = P(A  B)
(g) P( B – A) = P(B) – P(A ∩ B) = P(A  B)
(h) P(A  B) = P(A  B) = 1– P(A  B)
(i) P(A  B) = P(A  B) = 1– P(A  B)

 Addition theorem for three events
Let A, B and C be any three events associated with a random
experiment, then
P(A  B  C) = P(A) +P(B) +P(C) – P(A  B) – P(A  C) –
P(B  C) +P(A  B  C)
 Axiomatic Approach to Probability:

Let S be a sample space containing elementary outcomes w1,
w2, ..........., wn
i.e. S = {w1, w2, ......., wn}
(i) 0  P( wi )  1, for all wi S
(ii) P(w1) + P(w2) + P(w3) + ……. + P(wn) = 1
(iii) P (A) =  P( wi ) , for any event A containing elementary

events wi .

 VENN DIAGRAM OF DIFFERENT SETS

1. Describe the Sample Space for the following experiments:

A coin is tossed twice and number of heads is recorded.
2. A card is drawn from a deck of playing cards and its colour is
noted.
3. A coin is tossed repeatedly until a tail comes up.
4. A coin is tossed. If it shows head, we draw a ball from a bag
consisting of 2 red and 3 black balls. If it shows tail, coin is
tossed again.
5. Two balls are drawn at random in succession without
replacement from a box containing 1 red and 3 identical white
balls.
6. A coin is tossed n times. Find the number of element in its
sample space.
7. One number is chosen at random from the numbers 1 to 21.
What is the probability that it is prime?
8. What is the probability that a given two-digit number is divisible
by 15?
9. If P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B), then what can be said about the
events A and B?
10. If P(A U B) = P(A ∩ B), then find relation between P(A) and P(B).
11. Let A and B be two events such that P(A) = 0.3 and P(A U B) =
0.8, find P(B) if P(A∩B) = P(A) P(B).
12. Three identical dice are rolled. Find the probability that the same
number appears on each of them.
13. In an experiment of rolling of a fair die. Let A, B and C be three
events defined as under:
A : a number which is a perfect square

B : a prime number
C : a number which is greater than 5.
Is A, B, and C exhaustive events?
14. Punching time of an employee is given below:
DAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
TIME
10:35 10:20 10:22 10:27 10:25 10:40
(AM)
If the reporting time is 10:30 a.m, then find the probability of his
coming late.
15. A game has 18 triangular blocks out of which 8 are blue and rest
are red and 19 square blocks out of which 7 are blue and rest
are yellow. One piece is lost. Find the probability that it was a
square of blue colour.
16. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability of
getting:
(i) a jack or a queen
(ii) a king or a diamond
(iii) a heart or a club
(iv) either a red or a face card.
(v) neither a heart nor a king
(vi) neither an ace nor a jack
(vii) a face card
17. In a leap year find the probability of
(i) 53 Mondays and 53 Tuesdays
(ii) 53 Mondays and 53 Wednesday
(iii) 53 Mondays or 53 Tuesdays
(iv) 53 Mondays or 53 Wednesday
18. In a non-leap year, find the probability of
(i) 53 Mondays and 53 Tuesdays.

(ii) 53 Mondays or 53 Tuesdays.
19. Three candidates A, B, and C are going to play in a chess
competition to win FIDE (World Chess Federation) cup this year.
A is thrice as likely to win as B and B is twice as likely as to win
as C. Find the respective probability of A, B and C to win the
cup.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

20. Find the probability that in a random arrangement of the letters
of the word UNIVERSITY two I’s come together.
21. An urn contains 5 blue and an unknown number x of red balls.

Two balls are drawn atrandom. If the probability of both of them
5
being blue is , find x.
14
22. Out of 8 points in a plane 5 are collinear. Find the probability that
3 points selected at random form a triangle.
23. Find the probability of at most two tails or at least two heads in a
toss of three coins.
24. A, B and C are events associated with a random experiment
such that
P(A) = 0.3,
P(B) = 0.4, P(C) = 0.8, P(A ∩ B) = 0.08, P(A ∩ C) =0.28 and
P(A∩B∩C) = 0.09. If
P(A U B U C) ≥ 0.75 Then prove that P(B ∩ C) lies in the interval
[0.23, 0.48].
1+ 3p 1– p 1– 2p
25. , and are the probability of three mutually
3 4 2
exclusive events. Then find the set of all values of p.
26. An urn A contains 6 red and 4 black balls and urn B contains 4
red and 6 black balls. One ball is drawn at random from urn A
and placed in urn B. Then one ball is drawn at random from

urn B and placed in urn A. Now if one ball is drawn at random
from urn A then find the probability that it is found to be red.
27. If three distinct numbers are chosen randomly from the first 100
natural numbers, then find the probability that all three of them
are divisible by both 2 and 3.
28. S = {1, 2, 3, ………, 30}, A = {x : x is multiple of 7}, B = { x : x is
multiple of 5},C = {x : x is a multiple of 3}.
If x is a member of S chosen at random find the probability that
(i) xAB
(ii) xBC
(iii) x  A C
29. One number is chosen at random from the number 1 to 100.
Find the probability that it is divisible by 4 or 10.
1
30. If A and B are any two events having P(A  B) = and
2
2
P  A  = , then find the P  A B  .
3
31. Three of the six vertices of a regular hexagon are chosen at
random. What is probability that the triangle with these vertices
is equilateral?
32. A typical PIN (Personal identification number) is a sequence of
any four symbols chosen from the 26 letters in the alphabet and
ten digits. If all PINs are equally likely, what is the probability that
a randomly chosen PIN contains a repeated symbol?
33. An urn contains 9 red, 7 white and 4 black balls. If two balls are
drawn at random. Find the probability that the balls are of same
colour.
34. The probability that a new railway bridge will get an award for its
design is 0.48, the probability that it will get an award for the
efficient use of materials is 0.36, and that it will get both awards
is 0.2. What is the probability, that
(i) it will get at least one of the two awards
(ii) it will get only one of the awards.

35. A girl calculates that the probability of her winning the first prize
in a lottery is 0.02. If 6000 tickets were sold, how many tickets
has she bought?
36. Two dice are thrown at the same time and the product of
numbers appearing on them is noted. Find the probability that
the product is less than 9?
37. All the face cards are removed from a deck of 52 playing cards.
The remaining cards are well shuffled and then one card is
drawn at random. Giving ace a value 1 and similar value for
other cards. Find the probability of getting a card with value less
than 7.
38. If A,B and C are three mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
of an experiment such that
3P(A) = 2P(B) = P(C), then find the value of P(A).

39. To make a healthy routine and to do some physical exercise
during lockdown a family decided to roll a dice and based on the
outcomes, they will decide activities to be done.
 If the outcome is 2, 4 or 6, they will do 30 minutes walk on

the roof.

 If it shows 1 or 3 on the dice, 15 minutes meditation to be
done.
 If outcome is 5, then they will toss a coin. If it shows
“Head”, the family will do 5 minutes of rope skipping. If
there is “Tail”, family will do 20 minutes of Yoga.
i. How many elements are there in the sample space?
ii. What is the probability of doing walking?
iii. What is the probability of doing rope skipping?
iv. What is the probability of doing yoga or meditation?
v. Two activities having the same probability are

40. In a class of 60 students, hobbies were discussed. 30 liked
reading, 32 liked singing and 24 liked about reading and singing.
i. Find the probability that the student liked reading or singing.

17 19 23 29
(a) (b) (c) (d)
30 30 30 30
ii. How many students neither like reading nor singing?

(a) 30 (b) 28 (c) 22 (d) 38

iii. Find the probability that the student neither like singing nor
reading?
11 13
(a) (b)
30 30
7 1
(c) (d)
30 30
iv. Find the probability that a student like singing but not
reading?
4 7 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15 15 15 15
v. Find the probability that a student like reading only.

1 3 7
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
10 10 10

41. Without repetition of the numbers, four digit numbers are formed
with the numbers 0, 2, 3, 5. The probability of such a number
divisible by 5 is -
1 4
(a) (b)
5 5
5 1
(c) (d) .
9 30
42. Three digit numbers are formed using the digits 0, 2, 4, 6, 8. A
number is chosen at random out of these numbers. What is the
probability that this number has the same digits?
1 16
(a) (b)
16 25
1 1
(c) (d) .
65 25

43. The probability that a non-leap year selected at random will have
52 Sundays is -
(a) 0 (b) 1
1 2
(c) (d) .
7 7
44. The probability that a non-leap year selected at random will have
53 Sundays is -
(a) 0 (b) 1
1 2
(c) (d) .
7 7
45. The probability that a leap year selected at random will have 54
Sundays is
(a) 0 (b) 1
1 2
(c) (d) .
7 7
46. Three unbiased coins are tossed. If the probability of getting at
least 2 tails is p, Then the value of 8p -
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) 4.
47. Four unbiased coins are tossed. If the probability of getting odd
number of tails is p, then the value of 16p -
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 8
48. From 4 red balls, 2 white balls and 4 black balls, four balls are
selected. The probability of getting 2 red balls is p, then the
value of 7p -

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
49. If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then
(a) P(A ) P(B) (b) P(A ) P(B)
(c) P(A ) P(B) (d) None of these

50. The probability that atleast one of the events A and B occur
simultaneously with probability 0.2, then P(A ) P(B)is
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.8
(c) 1.2 (d) 1.6
51. In the following Venn diagram circles A and B represent two
events:
A B
The probability of the union of shade region will be

(a) P(A) + P(B) – 2P(A  B) (b) P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)
(c) P(A) + P (B) (d) 2P(A) + 2P(B) – P(A  B)
52. A bag contains 10 balls, out of which 6 balls are white and the
others are non-white. The probability of getting a non-white is
2 3
(a) (b)
5 5
1 2
(c) (d)
2 3
53. The dice are thrown together. The probability of getting the sum
of digits as a multiple of 4 is:

1 1
(a) (b)
9 3
1 5
(c) (d)
2 9
54. The probability of getting sum more then 8 when a pair of dice
are thrown is:
7 5
(a) (b)
36 18
7 5
(c) (d)
18 36
55. If A and B are two events, such that
3 1 2
P(A u B) = , P(A  B) = , P(A) = ,
4 4 3
Then P(B) is given by:
1 2
(a) (b)
3 3
1 2
(c) (d)
9 9
56. A die is rolled. Let E be the event ‘die shows 4 and F be the
event ‘die shows an even number’’.
(a) mutually exclusive
(b) exhaustive
(c) mutually exclusive and exhaustive
(d) None of these

Alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You have
57. Assertion: Probability of getting a head in a toss of an unbiased
1
coin is .
2
Reason: In a simultaneous toss of two coins, the probability of
1
getting ‘no tails’ is .
4
58. Assertion: In tossing a coin, the exhaustive number of cases is
2 × 2 = 4.
Reason: If a pair of dice is thrown, then the exhaustive number
of cases is 6 × 6 = 36.
59. Assertion: If A  B = , then P(A  B) = 0
Reason: For mutually exclusive events A and B, P(A  B) = 0
60. Consider a single throw of die and two events.
A = the number is even = {2, 4, 6}
B = the number is a multiple of 3 = {3, 6}
4 2 1
Assertion: P(A  B) =  and P(A  B) =
6 3 6
1 5
Reason: P(A  B) = 1– 
6 6

ANSWERS
1. {0, 1, 2}
2. {R, B}
3. {T, HT, HHT, …..}
4. {HR1, HR2, HB1, HB2, HB3, TH, TT}
5. {RW, WW, WR}
6. 2n [eg: 21 = {H, T}, 22 = {HH, HT, TH, TT} , 23 = {HHH, ...... TTT}]
8 1
7. 8.
21 15
9. Mutually Exclusive
10. P(A) = P(B) [Possible only if A = B]
5
11. [Hint: P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A)P(B)]
7
1  6 
12. =
36  216 
13. Yes, A, B and C are Exhaustive Events [A = {1, 4}, B = {2, 3, 5}]
1 7
14. 15.
3 37
2
16. (i) [Hint: P(J  Q) = P(J) + P(Q) – P(J  Q)]
13
4 1
(ii) (iii)
13 2

8 9
(iv) (v) [P(H  K) = 1 – P (H  K)]
13 13
11
(vi) [P(A  J) = 1 – {P(A) + P(J) – P(A  J)]
13
3
(vii) [J, Q, K of diamond, heart, club and spade are 12 face
13
cards]
1
17. (i) (ii) 0
7
2 2 1 3 2 2 4
(iii) + – = (iv) + –0=
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
18. Non leap year = 52 weeks and 1 day
(i) 0 (both together not possible)
1 1 2
(ii) + –0=
7 7 7
19. [Hint: P(C) = x, P(B) = 2P(C) = 2x P(A) = 3P(B) = = 6x]
2 2 1
, ,
3 9 9
5
1  9! 9!   C2 5
20. Hint :  21. 3 Hint :  
5 10!/2! 5× 9!  
5+x
C2 14 
8
23  C3 – 5 C 3  7
22. Hint : 8  23. [Hint: P(A  B)]
28  C3  8
24. 0.23  P(B  C)  0.48 [Hint: 0.75 < P(A  B  C) < 1, 0.75 < 1.23
– x < 1]

–1 –1
25.  p 
3 3
Hint : 0  P(A)  1, 0  P(B)  1 Multually Exclusive 
 0  P(C) 1 0  P(A) + P(B) + P(C)  1

 
Hint : 
 
Case I : A 
Red Red 6 5 6 
B,B  A, × ×
 10 11 11 
32  6 6 5 
Red Black
26. Case II : A  B,B   A, × × 
55  10 11 10 
 Black Red 4 4 7 
Case III : A   B,B  A, × × 
 10 11 10 
 Black Black 4 7 6
Case IV : A   B,B   A, × × 
10 11 10 

16
4  C3 
27. Hint : 100 
1155  C3 
1  n(A  B) n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B) 

28. (i) 
3  n(s) n(s) 

1
(ii)
15
Hint : B  C = {15, 30}
1
(iii) Hint : A  C = {7, 14, 28} 
10 
3  25 10 5 
29. Hint : P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B) = 100  100 – 100 
10
1
30. Hint : P(A  B) = P(A  B) – P(A)
6

1  2 
31. Hint : 6 
10  C3 
1231  36 × 35 × 34 × 33 
32. Hint : 1 – 
7776  (36)4 
9 7 4
63  C2 C2 C2 
33. Hint : 20
 20
+ 20 
190  C2 C2 C2 
34. (i) 0.64 [Hint: P(D U M)]

Hint : 
 
(ii) 0.44 = P(D  M) U P(D  M)
= P(D  M) – P(D  M)
 
5
35. 120 36.
12
Hint : = Let P(C) = x 

3  4 × 6C1  2  
37. Hint : = 40  38. x x
5  C1  11  + + x = 1
 3 2 
 2, 4, 6 1,3 5H 5T 
39. S= , , , 
 walking meditation Rope skipping Yoga 
3 1 1 2 3
i. 7 ii. iii. iv. + =
7 7 7 7 7
v. Yoga and rope skipping
19 11 2 1
40. i. (b) ii. (c) 22 iii. (a) iv. (d) v. (a)
30 30 15 10
5  4 6 10 
41. (c) + =
9  18 18 18 

1  4 
42. (d) = 43. (b) 1
25  4×5×5 

1
44. (c) 45. (a) 0
7
46. (d) 4 47. (d) 8
48. (c) 3 49. (a) P(A) ≤ P(B)
50. (c) 1.2 51. (a) P(A) + P(B) – 2P(A  B)
2 1
52. (a) 53. (c)
5 4
5 2
54. (b) 55. (b)
18 3
56. (d) None of these (neither mutually exclusive nor exhaustive)
57. (b) 58. (d)
59. (a) 60. (c)

Solved Practice Paper
Class – XI
Session 2023-24
MATHEMATICS (Code-041)
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. This question paper contains – five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each
section is compulsory. However, there are internal choices in some
questions.
2. Section A has 18 MCQ’s and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1
mark each.
3. Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 Long Answer (LA)-type questions of 5 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units
of assessment (4 marks each) with sub parts.
SECTION-A
(Multiple Choice Questions)
Each question carries 1 mark
1
1. If f(x) = x  , then f(4) =
x
3 9
(a) (b)
4 4
3 9
(c) (d)
16 16
2. Eccentricity of equilateral hyperbola is
1
(a) 2 (b)
2
1
(c) 2 (d)
2

x3 x  1
3. Lim is equal to
x0 x
1
(a) (b) 3
3
1
(c) (d) 9
9
4. If A and B are two sets, then A  (A  B)’ =

(a) A  B (b) A’  B
(c) A  B’ (d) A’  B’
5. If A = {x : x  R, x > 4} and B = {x : x  R, x < 5} then (A  B) =

(a) (4, 5) (b) [4, 6]
(c) [4, 5) (d) (4, 5]
6. If A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 4, 6, 9} and R a relation from A to B defined
by x is less then y. The range of R is
(a)  (b) {1}
(c) {4, 6, 9} (d) {1, 4, 6, 9}
7. For any sets A and B; (A  B)  (A – B) =

(a) A (b) B
(c) A’ (d) B’
1
8. If x  R, range of f(x) = is
1  x2
(a) R (b) (0, )
(c) (0, 1) (d) (0, 1]
9. Let A = {1, 2}, B = {3, 4}. The number of subsets of A × B is
(a) 4 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) 32

cos10  sin10 
10. 
cos10  sin10 
(a) cot 35° (b) tan 35°
(c) – cot 35° (d) – tan 35°
11. 3i15 – 5i8 + 1 represents the following complex number
(a) 3i – 5 (b) – 3i – 5
(c) 3i – 4 (d) – 3i – 4
12. In how many ways can we form a four digit number using all the given
digits 2, 3, 4, 2.
(a) 24 (b) 12
(c) 8 (d) 4
13. Find, n, if nC5 = 10C4 + 10C5

(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 9 (d) 11
14. The total number of terms in the expansion of (x + 11)23 – (x – 11)23

after simplification is
(a) 0 (b) 12
(c) 24 (d) 46
15. Distance of the point (7, –3, 5) from its reflection in XZ plane is
(a) 6 units (b) 25 units
(c) 49 units (d) 83 units
16. Derivation of sin x cos x with repect of x is

(a) coses 2x (b) sec 2x
(c) cos 2x (d) sin 2x

17. For any two events A and B, if P(A) = 0.05, P(B) = 0.10 and P(A  B)
= 0.02, find P (A  B)
(a) 0.97 (b) 0.87
(c) 0.77 (d) 0.73
18. The probability that a leap year will have 53 Mondays or 53 Tuesdays
is
1 2
(a) (b)
7 7
3 4
(c) (d)
7 7
ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTION
In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is following by a
statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer among the following
choices:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
19. Assertion (A): Given 4 flags of different colours, then number of
different signals can be generated, if a signal requires the use of 2 flags
one below the other is 12.
Reason (R): If an event can occur in m different ways, following which
another event can occur in n differet ways, then the total no. of
different ways of occurrence of the two events in order is m × n.
20. Assertion (A): If E1 and E2 are two mutually exclusive events, then E1
 E2 = 
Reason (R): If E1 and E2 are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events,
then E1  E2 =  and E1  E2 = S.

SECTION-B
This section comprises of very short answer type questions (VSA) of 2
marks each.
21. A wheel makes 360 revolutions in one minute. Through how many
radians does it turn in one second.
22. Prove that sin 4A = 4 sin A cos3 A – 4 cos A sin3 A.
OR

Find value of tan
8
23. A solution is to be kept between 40°C and 45°C. What is the range of
temperature in degree Fahrenheit, if the conversion formula is
9
F = C + 32?
5
24. Four cards from a pack of 52 cards are drawn at random. Find the
probability that all four cards are same suit.
25. A card is drwanfrom a deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting
a Jack or a spade or a black card.
SECTION-C
(This section comprises of short answer type questions (SA) of 3 marks
each)
26. If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, A = {x : x is prime}, B = {x : x is

even integer}. Write
(i) A–B (ii) A  B’
OR
Using Venn diagram, prove that (A  B)’ = A’  B’
3 + 2i sin 
27. Find real  such that is purely imaginary; 0° <  < 90°
1  2i sin 
OR
1/3
If z = x – iy and z = p + iq, then find the value of:

x y

y q
p2  q2
28. The temprerature (in celsius) in a city is considered normal when the
average of three dialy measurements (morning, afternoon, night) is
between 19.2 and 29.8. On one day, if morning and night temperature
(in celsius) are 19.48 and 19.85 repectively, find the range of afternoon
temperature (in celsius) that will result in normal temperature of the
day.
OR
x8
Solve the inequality  2. Represent the solution on number line.
x2
29. Using binomial theorem, prove that 6n – 5n always leaves the
remainder 1 when divided by 25.
30. Find the equation of ellipse that satisfies the following conditions:
Centre at origin, major axis on the y-axis and passes through the points
(3, 2) and (1, 6).
31. Find the equation of the set of points P, the sum of whose distance
from A(0, 5, 0) and B(0, –5, 0) is equal to 15.
SECTION-D
(This section comprises of long answer type questions (LA) of 5
marks each)
32. Draw the graph of the following function.

F(x) = |x – 1| + |2 + x| for all – 3 < x < 3. Also find its range
OR
Draw graph of the function
1  2 x, x  0
f(x) = 
3  5 x , x  0
Also find its range.
33. If A is the arithmetic mean and G1, G2 be two geometric mean
between any two number, then prove that

G12 G22
2A  
G2 G1
 8 x  3 4 x 2  1
34. Evaluate lim   2 
x  2 x  1 4 x  1
1
2
tan 3 x  tan x
Evalute lim
x  
4 cos  x  
 4
35. Determine the mean and standard deviation for the following
distribution:
Marks Frequency
2 1
3 6
4 6
5 8
6 8
7 2
8 2
9 3
10 0
11 2
12 1
13 0
14 0
15 0
16 1

SECTION-E
(This section comprises of 3 case
study/passage-based questions of 4 marks
each.)
36. Daksh travelled from Delhi to Mumbai with his
suitcase. After reaching to Mumbai, he forgot the
password to unlock the suitcase. He remembered
that there are 2 digits followed by 2 letters in the
password.
(i) Find total number of possibilities for the
password, if repetition is allowed.
(ii) How many possiblilities are there for the
password, if neither numbers nor words
are repeated.
(iii) How many different passwords are
possible, if Daksh remembered first two
and last entry, and repetition is allowed.
OR
How many different passwords are possible, if Daksh remembered first
and last entry and on entry is repeated?
37. A teacher mentioned in his class that there is some  R such that
13
sec   , where  lies in second quadrant. Then he asks his
12
students about some other values.

(i) What will be the value of tan 
5 5
(a) (b)
12 12
5 5
(c) (d)
13 13

(ii) What will be the value of cos
2
5 5
(a) (b)
26 26
1 1
(c) (d)
26 26
(iii) Find value of sin 2
5 5
(a) (b)
13 13
120 120
(c) (d)
169 169
38. When tested, the lives (in hours) of 5 bulbs, were noted as follows :
1357, 1090, 1666, 1494, 1623

Practice Paper Solution
SECTION-A
1 1
1. f '( x )  
2 x x2
1 1 1 1 4 1 3
f '(4)   2 =   
22 4 4 16 16 16
Correct option (c).
c a 2  b2
2. e 
a a
2a 2
 [For equilateral hyperbola a = b ]
a
2a 2
=  e 2
a
Correct option (a)
e3 x  1 3(e3 x  1)
3. lim = lim =3×1=3
x 0 x x0
3 x0
3 x
Correct option (b)
4. A  (A  B)’
 A  (A’  B’)
 (A  A’) U (A  B’)
   (A  B’)
 A  B’
Correct option is (c)
5. A = (4, )
B = (–, 5]
 A  B = (4, 5]
Correct option is (d).
6. R = {(x, y) | x < y}
= {(2, 4) (2, 6) (2, 9) (3, 4) (3, 6) (3, 9)}
Range = {4, 6, 9}

Correct option (c).
7.
A B
A–B AB
Correct option (a)
(A  B)  (A – B) = A
1
8. y
1  x2
y + x2 y = 1
x2y = 1 – y
1 y
x=
y
x  R  y > 0, 1 – y > 0
 y > 0, y  1
 y  (0, 1]
Correct option (d)
9. A × B = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)}
n(A × B) = 24 = 16
correct option (c)
cos10  sin10
10.
cos10  sin10
sin 80  sin10
=
sin 80  sin10
2 sin 45 cos 35
=
2 cos 45 sin 35
= tan 45° cot 35°
= cot 35°
Correct option (a)
11. 3i15 – 5i8 + 1 = 3i3 – 5 + 1 = – 3i – 4
Correct option (d)

4!
12. 4 digits with 2 alike can be arranged in  12 ways
2!
Correct option (b)
n
13. C15 = 10C4 + 10C5
n
Cr + nCr–1 = n+1Cr
 10C5 + 10C4 = 11C5
 n = 11
Correct option (d)
14. (x + 11)23  24 terms (all positive)
(x – 11)23  24 terms (12 positive, 12 negative)
After simplification  12 terms cancel
 12 left in answer
Correct option (b)
reflection in
15. (7, 3, 5) 
XZ plance
(7, 3, 5)
d= (7  7) 2  ( 3  3) 2  (5  5)2
= 0  36  0  6 units
Correct option (a)
1
16. f(x) = sin x cos x = sin 2 x
2
1
f’(x) = (2 cos 2 x)  cos 2 x
2
Correct option (c)
17. P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)
= 0.05 + 0.10 – 0.02 = 0.13
P(A  B) = P(A  B)
= 1 – P(A  B)
= 1 – 0.13
= 0.87
Correct option is (b)
18. For leap year
Let P(53 Mondays) = P(M)
P(53 Tuesdays) = P(T)

P(M  T) = P(M) + P(T) – P(M  T)
2 2 1 3
=   
7 7 7 7
Correct option is (c).
19. Assertion (A) is true. Reason (R) is true and R is correct explanation of
A.
 Correct option is (a)
20. A is true. R is true but R is not correct explanation of B.
 Correct option is (b)
SECTION B
21. One minute  360 revolutions
= 60 second = 2 radians × 360
 2 
= 1 second =   360 radians
 60 
= 12 radians.
22. LHS = sin 4A = sin 2(2A)
= 2 sin 2A cos 2A
= 2(2sinA cos A) (cos2A – sin2A)
= 4sinA cos3 A – 4sin3A cos A
= RHS
OR
 
Let  y  2 y 
8 4
 tan 2y = 1
2 tan y
 1
1  tan 2 y
Let tan y = t
2t
 1
1 t2
 2t = 1 – t2
 t2 +2t – 1 = 0

2  2 2
 t=
2
 t=–1± 2
 tan y = – 1 ± 2

 tan  1  2
8

 tan  1  2
8
 
as lies in first quadrant, tan will be positive
8 8

 tan  2  1
8
23. 40 < C < 45
9 9 9
 40  C <  45
5 5 5
9
72  C < 81
5
9
104  C + 32 < 113
5
104 < F < 113
Ans: between 104°F and 113°F
24. Total outcomes = 52C4
Favourable outcomes = 4 × 13C4
4 × 13C 4
Required probability = 52
C4
13!
4
= 4!9!  44
52! 4165
4!48!
25. P(J  S  B) = P(J) + P(S) + P(B) – P(J  S) – P(S  B) – P(J  B) +
P(J  S  B)
4 13 26 1 13 2 1 28 7
=       = 
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 13

SECTION-C
26. U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

A = {2, 3, 5, 7} B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
(a) A – B = {3, 5, 7} (b) B’ = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
A  B’ = {3, 5, 7}
OR
A B
(A  B)' = A'  B '

3  2i sin  1  2i sin 
27. 
1  2i sin  1  2i sin 
3(1  2i sin )  2i sin (1  2i sin  )
=
1  (2i sin ) 2
3  6i sin   2i sin   4i 2 sin 2 
=
1  4i 2 sin 2 
3  8i sin   4 sin 2 
=
1  4 sin 2 
3  4 sin 2  8sin 
= 
1  4 sin  1  4 sin 2 
2
Purely imaginary = real part is zero

3  4 sin 2 
 0
1  4 sin 2 
3
 sin 2  
4
3
 sin  
2
  = 60°.
OR
1/3
z = p + iq
z = (p + iq)3

= (p3 – 3pq2) + i(3p2q – q3)
= x – iy
 x = p – 3pq2 and y = –3p2q + q3
3
x y
  p 2  3q 2 and  3 p 2  q 2
p q
x y
   2 p 2  2 q 2  2( p 2  q 2 )
p q
x y

p q
 2  2
p  q2
28. Let x = after noon temperature (in celsius)
19.2 < Average Normal temp < 29.8
19.48  x  19.85
19.2 <  29.8
3
57.6 < 39.33 + x < 89.4
18.27 < x < 40.07 = range of afternoon temperature (in celsius)
OR
x8 x4
20  0
x2 x2
O O
 x  (–2, 4) –2 4
n n
29. 6 = (1 + 5)
6n = 1 + 5n + 52 nC2 + 53 nC3 + ...... + 5n nCn
6n – 5n = 1 + 25[nC2 + 5nC3 + ....... + 5n–2 nCn]
Hence proved.
x2 y2
30.  1
b2 a2
9 4
(3, 2): 2  2  1
b a
1 36
(1, 6): 2  2  1
b a
Solving a = 40, b2 = 10
2

x2 y2
  1
10 40
31. Let P(x, y, z) be the required set of points, such that:
AP + BP = 15
AP = 15 – BP
(AP)2 + (15 – BP)2
( x  0) 2  (5  y )2  (0  z )2  (15  [( x  0)2  ( y  5)2  ( z  0)2 ])2
 x 2  25  y 2  10 y  z 2  [15  ( x 2  y 2  25  10 y  z 2 )]2
x 2  25  y 2  10 y  z 2  225  [ x 2  y 2  25  10 y  z 2 ]

 30 x 2  y 2  z 2  10 y  25
 10 y  10 y  225  30 x 2  y 2  z 2  10 y  25
 20 y  225  30 x 2  y 2  z 2  10 y  25
 4 y  45  6 x 2  y 2  z 2  10 y  25
Squaring both sides,
(4 y  45)2  36[ x 2  y 2  z 2  10 y  25]
16 y 2  2025  360 y  36x 2  36 y 2  36z 2  360 y  900
 36 x 2  20 y 2  36 z 2  1125  0
32. f(x) = |x – 1| + |2 + x|; – 3 < x < 3
 (2 x  1) 3  x  2

 3 2  x  1
 2x  1 x1

–3 –2 1 3

OR

33. Let the numbers be a and b,
ab
Then A = and a, G1, G2, b are in GP
2
 2A = a + b and G1 = ar, G2 = ar2, b = ar3?
As b = ar3
b
  r3
a
1/ 3
 b
   r
a
1/ 3
 b
 G1 = a  
 a
2/3
 b
and G2 = a  
 a
G12 G22
Now RHS = 
G2 G1
2/3 4/3
2 b 2 b
a   a  
 a  a
= 2/3
 1/ 3
 b  b
a  a 
 a  a
 b
= a  a 
 a
=a+b
= 2A = LHS
 8 x  3 4 x 2  1
34. lim   2 
x  2 x  1 4 x  1
1
2
 (8 x  3)(2 x  1)  (4 x 2  1) 
= lim  
1
x  4x2  1 
2
16 x 2  2 x  3  4 x 2  1 
= lim  
1
x  4x2  1 
2

12 x 2  2 x  4  2(6 x 2  x  2) 
= lim  lim
1 4x2  1 1 (2 x) 2  12 
x x 
2 2
2(3 x  2)(2 x  1) 2(3 x  2) 7

= lim  lim 
x
1 (2 x  1)(2 x  1) x
1 2x 1 2
2 2
OR
2
tan x(tan x  1) ( tan x )(1  tan x )(1  tan x )
lim  lim
x
   x
  
4 cos  x   4 cos x cos  sin x sin
 4 4 4
 cos x  sin x 
(  tan x)(1  tan x)  
 cos x  (  tan x)(1  tan x)
lim  lim
x
 1 x
 
4 (cos x  sin x) 4 cos x
2 2
( 1)(1  1) 2
=   4
1 1 1

2 2 2
35.
X f fx fx2
2 1 2 4
3 6 18 54
4 6 24 96
5 8 40 200
6 8 48 288
7 2 14 98
8 2 16 128
9 3 27 243
10 0 0 0
11 2 22 242
12 1 12 144
13 0 0 0
14 0 0 0
15 0 0 0

16 1 16 256
N = 40 239 1753
fx 239
Mean =   5.975 ~ 6
f 40
1
Standard Deviation = N f i xi2  ( fx ) 2
N
1
= (40)(1753)  (239) 2
40
1
= 70120  57121
40
1 114.01
= 12999  ~ 2.85
40 40
36. (i) 10 × 10 × 26 × 26 = 67600
(ii) (10 × 9) × (26 × 25) = 58500
(iii) 26
(iv) or 9 × 25 = 225
5
37. (i) (b)
12
1
(ii) (c)
26
5
(iii) (a)
26
120
(iv) (d)
169
 5 5 
38. (i) Point of intersection of 4x + 7y + 5 = 0 and 2x – y = 0 is  , 
 18 9 
 5 5 
(ii) distance between point of intersection of lines  ;  and (1, 2)
 18 9 
23
= 5 units (Using distance formula)
18

Practice Paper-1
Class – XI
Session 2023-24
1. This Question paper contains – five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each
section is compulsory. Howerver, there are internal choices in some
questions.
2. Section A has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks
each.
3. Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 mark each.
4. Section C has 6 short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of
assessment (4 marks each) with sub parts.
SECTION-A
1. Which of the following is the empty set
(a) {x : x is a real number and x2 – 1 = 0}
(b) {x : x is a real number and x2 + 1 = 0}
(c) {x : x is a real number and x2 – 9 = 0}
(d) {x : x is a real number and x2 = x + 2}
2. The number of proper subsets of the set {1, 2, 3} is
(a) 8 (b) 7
(c) 6 (d) 5
3. If A and B are two sets, then A  (A  B)’ is equal to
(a) A (b) B

(c)  (d) None of these
4. Let A = {1, 2, 3}. The total number of distinct relations that can be
defiend over A is
(a) 29 (b) 6
(c) 8 (d) None of these
5. Let R be is relation on N defined by x + 2y = 8. The domain of R is
(a) {2, 4, 8} (b) {2, 4, 6, 8}
(c) {2, 4, 6} (d) {1, 2, 3, 4}
x | x |
6. If f ( x )  , then ( 1) 
|x|
(a) 1 (b) –2
(c) 0 (d) +2
4
7. If tan   , then sin  
3
(a) –4/5 but not 4/5 (b) –4/5 or 4/5
(c) 4/5 but not –4/5 (d) None of these
1  2i
8. The complex number lies in which quadrant of the complex
1 i
plane
9. In how many ways can 5 boys and 3 digit sit in a row so that no two
girls are together
(a) 5 ! × 3 ! (b) 4P3 × 5!
(c) 6P3 × 5! (d) 5P3 × 3!
10. If 15C3r = 15Cr+3, then the value of r is
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 8

11. If coefficient of (2r + 3)th and (r – 1)th terms in the expansion of (1 +
x)15 are equal, then value of r is
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 4 (d) 3
12. The equation of the straight line passing through the point (3, 2) and
perpendicular to the line y = x is
(a) x – y = 5 (b) x + y = 5
(c) x + y = 1 (d) x – y = 1
13. The distance between the foci of the ellipse 3x2 + 4y2 = 48 is
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 8
n
x 2
14. If lim  80, where n is a positive integer, then n =
x 2 x2
(a) 3 (b) 5
1  cos mx
15. lim 
x  0 1  cos nx
(a) m/n (b) n/m

m2 n2
(c) (d)
n2 m2
16. Let the function f be defined by the equation
 3x if 0  x 1
f ( x)   , then
5  3 x if 1  x  2
(a) lim f ( x )  f (1) (b) lim f ( x )  3
x 1 x 1
(c) lim f ( x)  2 (d) lim f ( x) does not exist

x 1 x 1
17. There are two children in a family. The probability that both of them
are boys is

1 1
(a) (b)
2 3
1
4
18. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. The probability of getting the
sum 2 or 8 or 12 is
5 7
(a) (b)
18 36
7 5
(c) (d)
18 36
ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS
In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by
a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correcdt answer out of the
following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are ture but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
19. Assertion: If the letters W, I, F, E are arranged in a row in all possible
ways and the words (with or without meaning) so formed are written as
in a dictionary, then the word WIFE occurs in the 24th position.
Reason: The number of ways of arranging four distinct objects taken
all a time is C(4, 4).
20. Assertion: A letter is chosen at random from the word
NAGATATION. Thenm the total number of outcomes is 10.
Reason: A letter is chosen at random from the word
‘ASSASSINATION’ Then, the total number of outcomes is 13.
SECTION B
This section comprises of very short answer type-questions (VSA)
of 2 marks each.

1
21. Prove that: sin 780° sin 120° + cos 240° sin 390° =
2
13
22. Find the value of tan
12
23. Solve x + 5 > 2 (x + 1), 2 – x < 3 (x + 2)
24. A coin is tossed repeatedly until a head comes for the first time.
Describe the sample space.
25. Tickets numberd from 1 to 20 are mixed up together and then a ticket
is drawn at random. What is the probability that the ticket has a
number which is a multiple of 3 or 7?
OR
If A and B are two events associated with a random experiment such
that P(A u B) = 0.8, P(A n B) = 0.3 and P(A) = 0.5, find P(B).
SECTION C
(This section comprise of short answer type questions (SA) of 3
marks each)
26. A market research group conducted a survey of 2000 consumers and
reported the 1720 consumers liked product P1 and 1450 consumers
liked product P2. What is the least number that must have liked both
the products?
x y
27. If ( x  iy )1/ 3  a  ib, x , y , a b  R. Show that   4( a 2  b 2 ).
a b
OR
3  2i sin 
Find real q such that is purely real.
1  2i sin 
28. A solution is to be kept between 86° and 95° F. What is the range of
temperature in degree Celsius, if the Celsius (C)/Fahrenheit (F)
9
conversion formula is given by F  C  32.
5
29. Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of the product (1 + 2x)6 (1 –
5
x)7.
OR
10
 1 
Find the term independent of x in the expansion of  3 x 2  3 
 2x 

30. Find the equation of a circle of radius 5 whose centre lies on x-axis and
passes through the point (2, 3).
OR
Find the equation of an ellipse whose axes lie along corrdinate axes
and which passes throught (4, 3) and (–1, 4).
31. Find the locus of the point, the sum of whose distances from the points
A(4, 0, 0) and B(–4, 0 , 0) is equal to 10.
SECTION D
(This section compreses of long answer-type questions (LA) of 5
marks each)
   3   7   9  1
32. Prove that:  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos  
 4  10   10   10  16
OR
3
Prove that: cos3 A + cos3 (120° + A) + cos3 (240° + A) =cos 3A
4
33. If the A.M. and G.M. between two numbers are in the ratio m: n, then
prove that the number are in the ratio m  m 2  n 2 ; m  m 2  n 2 .
The sum of three numbers which are consecutive terms of an A.P. is
21. If the second number is reduced by 1 and third is increased by 1,
we obtain three consecutive terms of a G.P. Find the numbers.
34. Differentiate the following functions:
x2  x  1 x tan x
(i) 2 (ii)
x  x 1 sec x  tan x
35. Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the following
distribution:
Class 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70
interval:
Frequency: 2 3 8 12 16 5 2 3

SECTION E
(This section comprises of 3 case-study/passage-based questions of

4 marks each two sub-parts. First two case study questions have
three sub-parts (i), (ii), (iii) marks 1, 1, 2 respectively. The third
case study questions has two sub-parts of 2 marks each.]

ANSWERS
Practice Paper-1
1. (a)
2. (c)
3. (c)
4. (a)
5. (c)
6. (b)
7. (b)
8. (b)
9. (c)
10. (a)
11. (b)
12. (b)
13. (b)
14. (b)
15. (c)
16. (d)
17. (c)
18. (b)
19. (c)
20. (b)
21. ()
3 1
22.
3 1
23. (–1, 3)
24. S = {H, TH, TTH, TTHH, TTTTH, ...... !}
25. 2/5 OR 0.6
26. 1170
27.  = n, n  z
28. Between 30°C and 35°C
76545
29. 171 OR
8

2 2 2 2 7 x 2 15 y 2
30. x + y – 12x + 11 = 0 and x + y + 4x – 21 = 0 OR  1
247 247
31. 9x2 + 25y2 + 25z2 – 225 = 0
32. ()
33. 12, 7, 2, or 3, 7, 11
2( x 2  1) x sec x (sec x  tan x)  tan x
34. (i) (ii)
( x 2  x  1)2 (sec x  tan x)
35. X  50,  7.62 D
36. (i) 715 (ii) 28 (iii) 1960 or 1716
37. (i) x + y = 2 (ii) 3 / 2 (iii) (1/2, 3/2) or 3.
38. (i) 15000 + 30x (ii) Rs 60000

Practice Paper-2
Class – XI
Session 2023-24
1. This question paper contains – five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each
section is compulsory. However, there are internal choices in some
questions.
2. Section A has 18 MCQ’s and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1
mark each.Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of
2 marks each.
3. Section C has 6 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.
5. Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated
units of assessment (4 marks each) with sub parts.
SECTION-A
1. For nay two sets A and B, A  (A  B)’ is equal to
(a) A (b) B
(c)  (d) A  B
2. The value of tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° , ....... tan 89° is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 1/2 (d) Not Defined
43
3. Cr-6 = 43C3r+1, then value of r is
(a) 12 (b) 8
(c) 6 (d) 10
4. If a + ib = c + ib, then

(a) a2 + c2 = 0 (b) b2 + c2 = 0
(c) b2 + d2 = 0 (d) a2 + b2 = c2 + d2
1  1
5. If f(x) = x 3  3 , then f(x) +f   is equal to
x  x
2
(a) 2x3 (b) 3
x
(c) 0 (d) 1
6. The number of triangles that of are formed by choosing the vertices
from a set of 12 points seven of which lie on the same line is
(a) 105 (b) 15
(c) 175 (d) 185
7. The x-intercept and y-intercept of the line 5x – 7 = 6y, respectively are
7  7 
(a) and (b) and –
5 6 5 6
5 6 5 6
(c) and (d) – and
7 7 7 7
n
8. If X = {8 – 7n – 1 : n  N} and Y = {49n – 49 : n  N}. Then
(a) X  Y (b) Y  X
(c) X = Y (d) X  Y = 
9. The total number of term in the expansion of (x + a)100 + (x – a)100 after
simplification is
(a) 50 (b) 202
(c) 51 (d) none of these
1  cos 4
10. lim is
 0 1  cos 6
4 1
(a) (b)
9 2
1
(c)  (d) – 1
2
11. While shuffiing a pack of 52 playing cards, 2 are accidently dropped.
The chances that the missing cards be of different colours is

29 1
(a) (b)
52 2
26 27
(c) (d)
51 51
2 2
12. The radius of the circle x + y – 6x + 4y – 12 = 0 is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 5
4 x
13. The domain and range of the real function F defined by f(x) = is
x4
given by
(a) Domain = R, Range = {–1, 1}
(b) Domain = R –{1}, Range = R
(c) Domain = R – {4}, Range = {–1}
(d) Domain = R – {–4}, Range = {–1, 1}
14. In a leap year the probability of having 53 Sundays or 53 Mondays is
2 3
(a) (b)
7 7
4 5
(c) (d)
7 7
 
15. If f(x) = x sin x, then f   is equal to
 2
(a) 0 (b) 1
1
(c) –1 (d)
2
16. Everybody in a room shakes hands with everybody else. The total
number of handshakes is 66. The total number of persons in the room
is
(a) 11 (b) 12
(c) 13 (d) 14
17. The domain for which the function defined by f(x) = 3x2 – 1 and g(x) =
3 + x are equal is

 4  4
(a)  1,  (b)  1, 
 3  3
 4  4
(c)  1,  (d)  1, 
 3  3
sin x
18. lim is
x x
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) –1 (d) –2
ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS
In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by
a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correcdt answer out of the
following choices.
(e) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(f) Both A and R are ture but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(g) A is true but R is false.
(h) A is false but R is true.
19. Assertion (A): The following assignment of probabilities to each
outcome are valid.
Outcomes W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6
Probability 1 0 0 –1 0 1
Reason (R): Sum of all assigned values of probabilities should be 1.
20. Assertion (A): The following pair of sets are equal.
A = {x : x is a letter in the word FOLLOW}
B = {y : y is a letter in the word WOLF}
Reason (R): Two sets A and B are said to be equal to be equal if they
have exactly the same elements.
SECTION B
This section comprises of very short answer type questions (vsa) of
2 marks each.
21. Prove that tan3x tan2x tanx = tan3x – tan2x – tanx
OR

A wheel makes 360 revolutions in one minute. Through how many
radians does it turn in one second.
22. The vertices of triangle PQR are P(1, 2), Q(–2, 3) and R(4, 5). Find
equation of the median throught the vertex R.
23. Solve the inequality, 3x – 5 < x + 7, when
(a) x is a whole number (b) x is a real number
OR
A solution is to be kept between 40°C and 45° C. What is the range of
temperature in degree Fahrenheit, if the coversion formula is
9
F  C  32 ?
5
24. Prove that following: cos4x = 1 – 8sin2x cos2 x
x y
25. Find the points on the x-axis, whose distance from the lines  1
3 4
are 4 units.
SECTION C
(This section comprises of short answer type questions (SA) of 3
marks each)
26. Let P = {3, 4, 5, {1, 2}}, which of following satatement are true and
which are falses?
(i) {1, 2}  P
(ii) {3, 4, 5}  P
(c)   P
OR
If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, A = {1, 2, 3, 5}, B = {2, 4, 6, 7}
and C = {2, 3, 4, 8}; find
(i) (C – A)’ (ii) (B  C)’ (iii) (A  B  C)
27. Show that point A(4, –3, –1), B(5, –7, 6) and C(3, 1, –8) are collinear.
28. Find (x + 1)6 + (x – 1)6. Hence or otherwise evaluate
( 2  1) 6  ( 2  1) 6
OR

4
 x 2
Expand using Binomial theorem  1    x  0
 2 x
29. Find the equation of the ellipse, with major axis along the x-axis and
passing throught the points (4, 3) and (–1, 4).
OR
Find the equation of the hyperbola where foci are (0, ± 12) and the
length of latus rectum is 36.
30. The longest side of a triangle is twice the shortes side and the third side
is 2 cm longer than the shortest side. If the perimeter of the triangle is
more than 166 cm then find the minimum length of the shortest side.
31. If (x + i y)3 = u + v Where u, v, x, y  R, then show that
u v
  4( x 2  y  )
x y
SECTION D
(This section comprises of long answer-type question (LA) of 5
marks each)
32. Find the mean and variance of the following frequency distribution:
Classes 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Frequencies 5 8 15 16 6
OR
The mean of 5 observations is 4, 4 and their variance is 8.24. If three of
the observation are 1, 2 and 6, find the other two observations.
 2 4 8
33. Find the value of cos cos cos cos cos
5 5 5 5
OR
    3
Prove that cos 2 x  cos 2  x    cos 2  x   
 3   3 2
34. If a and b are the roots of x2 – 3x + p = 0 and c, d are roots of x2 – 12x
+ q = 0, where a, b, c, d from a G.P. Prove that (q + q) : (q-p) = 17:15
35. Find the derivative of following functions (where m, n, a, b, c, d are
fixed non- zero constants)

x
(i) (ax + b)n (cx + d)m (ii)
sin n x
SECTION E
(This section comprises of 3 case study/passage-based questions of
4 marks each. Internal choice is provided in Q 36 and Q 38)
36. In a survey of 600 students in a school, 150 students liked Tennis and
225 liked circket, 100 students liked both tennis and cricket. One
student is chosen at random. Based on the above information answer
any four of the following questions:
(i) Find the probability that the student liked tennis or cricket
11 5
(a) (b)
24 12
19 1
(c) (d)
24 2
(ii) Find the probability that the student neither liked tennis nor cricket
1 13
(a) (b)
12 24

5 1
(c) (d)
24 2
(iii) Find the probability that the students liked tennis but not cricket
5 7
(a) (b)
12 12
1 3
(c) (d)
12 4
(iv) Find the probability that the student liked cricket only
1 9
(a) (b)
24 24
7 1
(c) (d)
24 2
(v) Find how many students neither liked tennis nor cricket
(a) 325 (b) 125
37. A class consists of 5 boys and 5 girls. The class teacher wants arrange
them in a line a in different ways. Based on the above formatin answer
the following questions:

(i) Find the number of ways in which boys and girls sit alternatively
(a) (5!)2 × (5!)2 (b) 5! 6!
(c) 2 × 5 ! (d) (5!)2 + (5!)2
(ii) Find the number of ways in which no two girls sit together
(a) 5! × 5! (b) 6! × 6!
(c) 5! × 6! (d) (5!) × 4!
(iii) Find the number of ways in which all the girls sit together
(a) 6!6! (b) 2!5!5!
(c) 5!5! (d) 6!5!
(iv) Find the number of ways in which all the boys sit together
(a) 10! – 6!6! (b) 10! – 5!6!
(c) 10! – 5!5! (d) None of these
38. To make himself self-dependent and to earn his living, a person ???
setup a small scale business of manufacturing hand ???. He estimated a
fixed cost of ` 15000 per month and a cost ` 30 per units to
manufacture. Based on the above information, answer any four of the
following:

(i) If x units of hand sanitizers are manufactured per month, what is
the cost function?
(a) 15000 – 30x (b) 15000 + 30x
(c) 15000 + x (d) 15000 + 31 x
(ii) If each unit is sold for ` 45. What is the selling (revenue) function?
(a) 30x (b) 45 + x
(c) 45x (d) 45 + 30x
(iii) What is the profit function?
(a) 15x + 15000 (b) 15 (x – 1000)
(c) 15x (d) None of these
(iv) For no pofit, no loss situation in a month, how many units should
be manufactured and sold?
(a) 500 (b) 750
(c) 1000 (d) 1500
(v) What is the montly cost borne by the person by the person if he
decided to manufacture 1500 units in a month?
(a) 15000 (b) 30000
(c) 45000 (d) 60000

ANSWERS
Practice Paper-2
1. (c) 
2. (b) 1
3. (a) 12
4. (d) a2 + b2 = c2 + d2
5. (c) 0
6. (d) 185
7 7
7. (b) and 
5 6
8. (a) X  Y
9. (c) 51
4
10. (a)
5
26
11. (c)
51
12. (d) 5
13. (c) Domain = R – {4}, Range = {– 14}
3
14. (b)
7
15. (b) 1
16. (b) 12
 4
17. (a)  1, 
 3
18. (c) – 1
19. (d) A is false but R is true
20. (a)
21. Or 12  radian
22. 3x – 4y + 8 = 0
23.
(a) {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(b) {x : x  R and x < 6}
OR

104°F to 113° F
24. ( )
25. (– 2, 0) and (8, 0)
26. (i) True (ii) Ture (iii) False
OR
(i) {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10}
(ii) {1, 5, 9, 10}
(iii) {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
27. ( )
28. (x + 1)6 + (x – 1)6 = 2x6 + 30x4 + 30x2 + 2
( 2  1) 6  ( 2  1) 6  198
OR
16 32 8 16 1 1 1
4
 3  2   5  4 x  x 2  x3  x 4
x x x x 2 2 16
2 2
29. 7x + 15y = 247
OR
y2 x2
  1 i.e., 3 y 2  x 2  108
36 108
30. Minimum length is 41 cm
31.
32. Mean = 27
Variance = 132
OR
4 and 9
1
33. 
16
34.
35. (i) (ax  b) n 1 (cx  d ) m 1{(m  n)acx  mcb  nad}
sin x  nx cos x
(ii)
(sin x ) n 1
36. (i) (a)

(ii) (b)
(iii) (c)
(iv) (d)
(v) (a)
37. (i) (d)
(ii) (c)
(iii) (b)
(iv) (d)
38. (i) (b)
(ii) (c)
(iii) (b)
(iv) (c)
(v) (d)

Notes
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As Per Revised
CBSE Curriculum
2024-25
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CHAPTER - 1

SETS AND FUNCTIONS

(b) Set-builder form

e.g.: Set of Natural Numbers less than 5 = {x : x N, x < 5}

 Power set: The collection of all subsets of a set A.It is denoted

(a,b] = { x  R : a < x ≤b}

 Subset and superset: A  B

 Disjoint sets: Two sets A and B are said to be disjoint if AB =

(c) Difference of sets A and B is,

(d) Difference of sets B and A is,

(e) Complement of a set A, denoted by A or Ac

 Properties of complement of sets :

Note :This law can be extended to any number of sets.

 Laws of Algebra of sets

(ii) A  (B  C) = (A B) (A  C)

 If AB, then A  B = A and A  B = B

Which of the following are sets? Justify your answer.

3. (i) 2 ______ A (ii) {3} ____ A (iii) {3, 5} ____ A

5. Write the set B = {3,9,27,81} in set-builder form.

10. Are sets A = { –2,2}, B = { x : x  Z, x2 –4 = 0} equal? Why?

11. Write (–5,9] in set-builder form

12. Write {x : x  R, –3  x < 7} as interval.

13. If A = { 1,3,5}, how many elements has P(A)?

14. Write all the possible subsets of A = {5,6}.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

21. Are sets A = {1,2,3,4}, B = { x : xN and 5 ≤ x ≤7} disjoint?

A (B C) = (A B)  (A C)

27. If  = { x : x N and x ≤ 10}

Verify the following result

33. In a group of 84 persons, each plays at least one game out of

34. Using properties of sets and their complements prove that

36. A survey shows that 63% people watch news channel A

37. From 50 students taking examination in Mathematics, Physics

38. In a survey of of 600 students of class XI, 150 are using

i. How many students are using either books or YouTube

v. What can be the maximum number of students who will use

39. In a class 18 students took Physics, 23 students took Chemistry

(a) 47 (b) 37 (c) 35 (d) 49

ii. How many took Mathematics but not Chemistry?

(a) 11 (b) 1 (c) 6 (d) 12

iii. How many took exactly one of the three subjects?

(a)12 (b) 11 (c) 13 (d) 1

iv. How many took exactly two of these subjects?

(a) 11 (b) 13 (c) 12 (d) 18

v. Number of students who took Physics or Mathematics but

(a)12 (b) 13 (c) 11 (d) 18

40. In a town of 10,000 families, it was found that 40% families go to

(a) 4000 (b) 3300 (c) 3700 (d) 4200

ii. The number of families which don't visit/purchase from any

(a) 4000 (b) 7000 (c) 3300 (d) 6000

iii. The number of families which don't visit/purchase from any

(a) 300 (b) 200 (c) 100 (d) 600

(a) 4700 (b) 4000 (c) 5200 (d) 3800

v. The number of families that buy from at least one of the

(a) 4000 (b) 6000 (c) 7000 (d) 1000

Multiple Choice Questions

(a) A (b) B (c)  (d) A B

46. If n(A) = 5 and n(B) = 7, then maximum number of elements in

(a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 12 (d) None of these

48. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, then the number of proper subsets of A is

3. (i) 2 __ A (ii) {3} A (iii) {3, 5} A