Note Making Example 1: Read the passage given below:(Sample Question Paper CBSE, 2019-

20)

BALANCING THE SCALES

Artificial intelligence (AI) is making a difference to how legal work is done, but it isn’t the threat
it is made out to be. AI is making impressive progress and shaking up things all over the world
today. The assumption that advancements in technology and artificial intelligence will render
any profession defunct is just that, an assumption and a false one. The only purpose this
assumption serves is creating mass panic and hostility towards embracing technology that is
meant to make our lives easier.
Let us understand what this means explicitly for the legal world. The ambit of AI includes
recognizing human speech and objects, making decisions based on data, and translating
languages. Tasks that can be defined as ‘search-and-find’ type can be performed by AI.
Introducing AI to this profession will primarily be for the purpose of automating mundane,
tedious tasks that require negligible human intelligence. The kind of artificial intelligence that is
employed by industries in the current scene, when extended to the law will enable quicker
services at a lower price. AI is meant to automate a number of tasks that take up precious
working hours lawyers could be devoted to tasks that require discerning, empathy, and trust-
qualities that cannot be replicated by even the most sophisticated form of AI. The legal
profession is one of the oldest professions in the world. Thriving over 1000 years; trust,
judgement, and diligence are the pillars of this profession. The most important pillar is the
relationship of trust between a lawyer and clients, which can only be achieved through human
connection and interaction.
While artificial intelligence can be useful in scanning and organizing documents pertaining to a
case, it cannot perform higher-level tasks such as sharp decisionmaking, relationship-building
with valuable clients and writing legal briefs, advising clients, and appearing in court. These are
over and above the realm of computerization.
The smooth proceeding of a case is not possible without sound legal research. While presenting
cases lawyers need to assimilate information in the form of legal research by referring to a
number of relevant cases to find those that will favour their client’s motion. Lawyers are even
required to thoroughly know the opposing stand and supporting legal arguments they can expect
to prepare a watertight defence strategy. AI, software that operates on natural language enables
electronic discovery of information relevant to a case, contract reviews, and automation
generation of legal documents.
AI utilizes big-data analytics which enables visualization of case data. It also allows for creation
of a map of the cases which were cited in previous cases and their resulting verdicts, as per the
website Towards Data Science. The probability of a positive outcome of a case can be predicted
by leveraging predictive analytics with machine learning. This is advantageous to firms as they
can determine the return on investment in litigation and whether an agreement or arbitration
should be considered.

(a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using
headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary- minimum
four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5)

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3)

SAMPLE NOTE MAKING FORMAT FOR ABOVE QUESTION
Solution 1:
Suggested Notes by CBSE
Artificial Intelligence: Not a threat
1. Not a threat
1.1 is of help
1.2 makes life easier
1.3 no profession defunct
2. AI.will help legal field
2.1 recog.human speech and object
2.2 making decisions based on data
2.3 translates langs.
2.4 do search and find tasks
3. AI. cannot perform high level tasks like
3.1 writing legal briefs
3.2 advising clients
3.3 apprng in courts
3.4 sharp decision making
4. Function of AI.
4.1 collates data
4.2 predicts probable outcomes
4.3 tells return on invest.
4.4 considering agreement or arbitration

Suggested Summary as per CBSE

Summary

Artificial Intelligence: Not a threat

Artificial Intelligence is not a threat but makes life easier especially in the legal field. It cannot
perform certain high-level tasks like writing legal briefs, advising clients, making sharp decisions
and appearing in courts but it can collate data, aid research and decisions based on data. It can
recognize human speech and translate languages. It can also predict probable outcomes, tell
return on investment, consider agreement or arbitration and is thus advantageous to legal firms.
Note Making Example 2: . Read the passage and answer the questions given below: (Sample
Question Paper CBSE, 2018-19)
1. There is a clear dichotomy between Jayashankar Prasad’s daily life and the one that found
expression in his literature. In his literary formulations, Prasad advocated an escape- from
personality ideals and categorically stated: “An artist‟s art, and not his person, is the touchstone
to assess his work . . . it is only after losing his personality that he emerges in his art as an artist”.
2. In Prasad‟s works – his poems, short stories, novels, dramas etc. – what emerges is life as
shaped in the writer’s inner self by his emotions, fancies, dreams, reveries . . . His writings are a
record not of outer reality, but of the artist’s inner world. As such, of a proper appreciation and
understanding of his works more emphasis needs to be placed on the working of his mind, than
the events of his dayto-day life.
3. Prasad was born in a renowned family of Varanasi. His grand-father Shiv RatanSahu, a dealer
in high quality perfumed tobacco (snuff). Besides being an astute businessman, he was endowed
with a marked cultural taste. His home was the meeting place of the local poets, singers, artists,
scholars and men of religion. Prasad‟s father Devi Prasad Sahu carried forward this high
tradition of family. Prasad, therefore, had a chance to study the various phases of human nature
in the light of the business traditions, artistic taste and religious background of his family.
4. When the business had somewhat recovered, Prasad planned the publication of a literary
journal. Prasad started the “Indu”. The inaugural number appeared in July 1909. By this time
Prasad’s notions of literature had crystallized into a credo. In the first issue of Indu, he
proclaimed, “Literature has no fixed aim; it is not a slave to rules; it is a free and all-embracing
genius, gives birth to genuine literature which is subservient to none. Whatever in the world is
true and beautiful is its subject matter. By dealing with the True and Beautiful it establishes the
one and affects the full flowering of the others. Its force can be measured by the degree of
pleasure it gives to the reader‟s mind as also by the criticism which is free of all prejudice”. The
words sound like the manifesto of romanticism in literature.
5. Even while recognizing the social relevance of literature, Prasad insisted, “The poet is a
creator . . . he is not conditioned by his milieu; rather it is he who moulds it and gives it a new
shape; he conjures up a new world of beauty where the reader for the time being, becomes
oblivious of the outer world and passes his time in an eternal spring garden where golden lotuses
blossom and the air is thick and pollen”. Thus, the chief aim of literature according to Prasad is
to give joy to the reader and to create a state of bliss in him. Later under the impact of Shiv
Advaitism, this faith of Prasad got further strengthened.
(Extract from ‘Jayashankar Prasad- His mind and Art’ by Dr. Nagendra)

(a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using
headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary-minimum
four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5)

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3)

Solution 2:
Suggested Notes as per CBSE
Jayashankar Prasad- His life
1. His exprsn. in lit.
1.1 an escape
1.2 lose your personality
1.3 record of writer’s inner world
1.4 more emphsz. on mind than body
2. Personal life
2.1 renowned fam. of Varanasi
2.2 home- meeting place of the local poets, singers
2.3 grand-father- an astute businessman
2.4 had a chance to study phases of human nature
3. Started the “Indu”
3.1 in July 1909
3.2 proclaimed
a) lit. has no fixed aim
b) is free and all embracing genius
c) gives birth to genuine lit.
4. Social relevance of lit.
4.1 poet is a creator
4.2 moulds it
4.3 conjures up a new world of beauty
4.4 becomes oblivious of the outer world
5. Chief aim of lit.
5.1 give joy to the reader
5.2 create a state of bliss

Summary

Jayashankar Prasad- His life

Jayshankar Prasad found expression in literature and created an escape only after losing his
personality. His writings are a record of the writer’s inner world with more emphasis on mind
than body. He was from a renowned family of Varanasi where home-meetings of poets and
singers would take place. His grandfather was an astute businessman and therefore Prasad had a
chance to study phases of human nature. In July 1909, he started ‘Indu’, in which he proclaimed
that literature has no fixed aim, is free and all embracing genius and gives birth to genuine
literature. He recognised the social relevance of literature as the poet is the creator who mould it,
conjures up a new world and becomes oblivious to the outer world. The chief aim of literature is
to give joy to the reader and create a state of bliss.
Exercises

Note Making Example 3: Read the following passage: (Question Paper CBSE, 2020)
1. How does television affect our lives? It can be very helpful to people who carefully choose the
shows that they watch. Television can increase our knowledge of the outside world; there are
high quality programmes that help us understand many fields of study, science, medicine, the
different arts and so on. Moreover, television benefits very old people, who can’t leave the
house, as well as patients in hospitals. It also offers non-native speakers the advantage of daily
informal language practice. They can increase their vocabulary and practise listening.
2. On the other hand, there are several serious disadvantages of television. Of course, it provides
us with a pleasant way to relax and spend our free time, but in some countries people watch
television for an average of six hours or more a day. Many children stare at the TV screen for
more hours a day than they spend on anything else, including studying and sleeping. It’s clear
that TV has a powerful influence on their lives and that its influence is often negative.
3. Recent studies show that after only thirty seconds of television viewing, a person’s brain
‘relaxes’ the same way that it does just before the person falls asleep. Another effect of television
on the human brain is that it seems to cause poor concentration. Children who view a lot of
television can often concentrate on a subject for only fifteen to twenty minutes. They can pay
attention only for the amount of time between commercials.
4. Another disadvantage is that television often causes people to become dissatisfied with their
own lives. Real life does not seem so exciting to these people. To many people, television
becomes more real than reality and their own lives seem boring. Also many people get upset or
depressed when they can’t solve problems in real life as quickly as television actors seem to.
5. Before a child is fourteen years old, he or she views eleven thousand murders on the TV. He
or she begins to believe that there is nothing strange about fights, killings and other kinds of
violence. Many studies show that people become more violent after viewing certain programmes.
They may even do the things that they see in a violent show.

(a) One the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it using headings and
subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (minimum four) and a format you consider
suitable. Supply a suitable title to it. (5)

(b) Make a summary of the above passage in about 80 words. (3)

Note Making Example 4: Read the passage given below: (Question Paper, CBSE 2019)
1. Well-being is not just the absence of disease or illness. It is a complex combination of a
person’s physical, mental, emotional and social health factors. Well-being is strongly linked to
happiness and life satisfaction. In short, it could be described as how one feels about oneself and
one’s life. Every aspect of one’s life influences the state of one’s well-being. Researchers
investigating happiness have found the following factors which enhance a person’s well-being :
network of close friends, enjoyable and fulfilling career, enough money, regular exercise,
nutritious diet, sufficient sleep, fun hobbies and leisure pursuits, healthy self-esteem, optimistic
outlook and so on.
2. The factors that influence one’s well-being are interrelated. For example, a job provides not
just money but purpose, goals, friendships and a sense of belonging. Some factors also make up
for the lack of others; for example, a good marriage can compensate for a lack of friendship,
while religious beliefs may help a person to accept physical illness. Money is linked to well-
being, because having enough money improves living conditions and increases social status. But
various international studies have shown that it is the quality of our personal relationships, not
the size of our bank balance, which has the greatest effect on our state of well-being. Believing
that money is the key to happiness can also harm a person’s well-being.
3. Understanding the well-being of the population is very important. Measuring well-being,
however, in a population is difficult because the interpretation of well-being is so subjective —
how one feels about peoples’ lives largely depends on the way one sees it. Like the saying goes:
‘one person’s problem is another person’s challenge.’
4. Keeping track of a population’s well-being helps governments to decide on particular policies.
It also acts as an indicator for various population trends. For example, knowing the average
weekly income of a population helps to set the ‘poverty line’, which may then influence
decisions on social welfare reforms. Well-being can be achieved through a variety of means.
Some are as follows : developing and maintaining strong relationships with family and friends,
making regular time available for social contact, trying to find work that is enjoyable and
rewarding, rather than just working for the best pay, eating healthy, nutritious foods, doing
regular physical activity, involving oneself in activities that interest the people, joining in local
organisations or clubs that appeal, setting achievable goals and working towards them and trying
to be optimistic and enjoying each day.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it using recognizable
abbreviations (minimum four), wherever necessary. Use a format you consider suitable.
Give it a suitable title also. (5)

(b) Write a summary of the above passage in about 80 words. (3)