BMS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

YELAHANKA, BENGALURU-560 064

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

LABORATORY MANUAL
I/II SEMESTER (CBCS SCHEME)

SUBJECT: ENGG. PHYSICS LAB

SUBJECT CODE: 18PHYL 16/26

PREPARED BY:

Staff members, Department of Physics,

BMSIT&M.

December 2020

Engg. Physics Lab manual- Dec 2020

Page 1
 PERFORMANCE SHEET
NAME OF THE CANDIDATE:

SECTION: SEMESTER: I/II

ROLL NO/USN:
Max. Marks for each expt. 30

Sl. Initial
Name of the Experiment Marks
No. of staff
1. TORSIONAL PENDULUM

2. TRANSISTOR
CHARACTERISTICS
3. FERMI ENERGY OF COPPER

4. SERIES AND PARALLEL LCR

CIRCUITS
5. NEWTON’S RINGS

6. YOUNG’S MODULUS BY
SINGLE CANTILEVER
7. DIELECTRIC CONSTANT

8. LASER DIFFRACTION
GRATING
9. NUMERICAL APERTURE

10. DETERMINATION OF
SPRING CONSTANT
11. PHOTO DIODE
12. MAGNETIC INTENSITY

Engg. Physics Lab manual- Dec 2020

Page 2
 ALONG THE AXIS OF A COIL

Signature of Batch in charge Signature of Head of the Dept.

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

DOs

 Bring observation book, Lab manual & record book regularly.

 Write the write up of the experiment in advance in the observation
book before coming to the practical class.
 Bring calculator to the practical class regularly.
 Handle the apparatus/equipment gently and carefully.
 Return the apparatus collected, to lab instructor before leaving the
lab.

DON’Ts

 Dumping your bag on the work table.

 Giving your observation book and record books to others.
 Forgetting to check your belongings before leaving the lab.
 Spoiling of the apparatus/equipment as it is meant for your benefit
only.
 Switch on electronic equipment before getting the approval by the
teacher/instructor.
 Bringing mobile phones inside the Laboratory.

Instructions to students:

Engg. Physics Lab manual- Dec 2020

Page 3
 1. All calculations must be carried out using SI units.
2. All entries in the observation book should be done using pen only.
3. Wherever graphs have to be plotted plotting has to be done using pencil only.

CONTENTS

Sl.
Name of the Experiment Page No.
No.
1. TORSIONAL PENDULUM 5-8
2. TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS 9-11
3. FERMI ENERGY OF COPPER 12-13
SERIES AND PARALLEL LCR
4. 14-17
CIRCUITS
5. NEWTON’S RINGS 18-21
YOUNG’S MODULUS BY SINGLE
6. 22-24
CANTILEVER
7. DIELECTRIC CONSTANT 25-26
8. LASER DIFFRACTION GRATING 27-28
9. NUMERICAL APERTURE 29-30
DETERMINATION OF SPRING
10. 31-33
CONSTANT
11. PHOTO DIODE 34-35
MAGNETIC INTENSITY ALONG
12. 36-38
THE AXIS OF A COIL
Viva-voce questions 39-41

Engg. Physics Lab manual- Dec 2020

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 1. TORSIONAL PENDULUM

AIM: To determine the moment of inertia of an irregular body and to calculate the rigidity
modulus of the material by the principle of torsional pendulum.

FORMULA:
Moment of Inertia of an irregular body is given by
 I 
I 0   2   T02 kgm2 (1)
 T mean

Where I0 is the moment of Inertia of an irregular body in kg.m2

I is the moment of inertia of regular body in kg.m2
T is the period of torsional oscillation of regular body in s.
T0 is the period of oscillation of an irregular body in s.

The rigidity modulus of the material of the wire is given by

 8l   I 
  4  2  N/m2 (2)
 r   T mean
Where l is the length of the wire in m.
r is the radius of the wire in m.

FIGURE:

Engg. Physics Lab manual- Dec 2020

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PRINCIPLE: The moment of inertia of a body about a given axis of rotation is defined as the
product of mass of the body and the square of radius of gyration. The ratio of moment of inertia
to the square of period of oscillation is constant for different axes of regular bodies will be
constant for a given length of the wire. There is no direct formula to determine the moment of
inertia of an irregular body about any axis. Hence, by the principle of torsional pendulum (I/T2)
of a regular body = (I0/T02) of irregular body. By knowing the mean (I/T2) for regular bodies &
the period of oscillation of an irregular body, the moment of inertia of irregular body can be
calculated using the formula.
PROCEDURE:
 The mass (M1) of the given circular disc and mass (M2) of rectangular plate are indicated
on the respective plates. The radius of the circular disc (R), length (L) and breadth (B) of
the rectangular plate are also indicated on the respective plates. The moment of inertia
values of the bodies about the respective axes are determined using the formulae
indicated in the tabular column.
 The circular disc is suspended using the check nuts of the experimental wire such that the
axis of suspension is perpendicular to the plane of the disc. A convenient reference mark
is made on the edge of disc, using a piece of chalk and a reference pointer is placed just
in front of the circular disc. The base of the chuck nut is twisted through a small angle
(small amplitude) such that torsional oscillations are setup. A stop clock is started when
the reference mark on the body crosses the reference stick in a particular direction. The
time taken for the reference mark on the plate to cross the reference pointer in the same
direction is taken as time for one oscillation. The time taken for 5, 10 and 15 such
oscillations is noted using a stop clock. The period of oscillations is calculated by
dividing the time taken for 10 oscillations by 10 and the mean period of oscillation is
calculated.
 Again, suspend the circular disc in such a way that, the axis of the suspension passes
through the diameter of the disc. The mean period of oscillation is calculated by
repeating the above procedure.
 Then circular disc is removed from the wire and the rectangular plate is suspended, first
about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the plate, next about an axis perpendicular to
the length and lastly about an axis perpendicular to its breadth.
 The mean period of oscillation is calculated in each case separately. For each axis of
suspension of circular & rectangular bodies, the ratio of moment of inertia to the square
of period of oscillation i.e. (I/T2) is calculated and hence, the mean value of (I/T2) is
calculated.

PART I: To determine moment of inertia of irregular body

 The given irregular body is suspended by the experimental wire, with an axis of
suspension perpendicular to its plane or its length or its breadth of the irregular
body. The body is set in to torsional oscillation and the period of oscillation (T0)
is calculated.
 The moment of inertia of the irregular body (I0) about an axis is calculated by
taking the mean value of (I/T2) from the regular bodies using the formula.
 I 
I 0   2   T02 kgm2
 T mean
PART II: To determine the rigidity modulus of the material of the experimental wire.

Engg. Physics Lab manual- Dec 2020

Page 6
  The length (l) of the wire between the two chuck nuts is found by using a thread
or scale. Using the radius of the wire which is given and by noting the mean value
of (I/T2) of regular bodies, the rigidity modulus of the material of the wire is
calculated using the formula
 8 l   I 
   2 N/m2
 r   T  mean
4

OBSERVATIONS
Mass of the circular plate M1 = --------- Kg
Radius of the circular plate R = --------- x10-2 m
Mass of rectangular plate M2 = --------- Kg
Length of the rectangular plate L = ------- x10-2 m
Breadth of the rectangular plate B = ------ x10-2 m
l is the length of the wire l = ------- x10-2 m

r is the radius of the wire r = 0.45 x 10-3 m

TABULAR COLUMN
1. Calculation of moment of inertia of regular bodies
Avg. Time
Time Time Period
Axis of Moment of No. of No. of Time (t) taken (t) taken (I / T2)
Body ‘t’ ‘t’ T =t/10 T2
suspension Inertia ( I) kgm2 oscillations oscillations For 10 oscillations Kgm2/S2
for 10
(sec) (sec) sec
oscillations
Perpendicular 0 10
I1= (M1R2) / 2 T1 I1/T12=
Circular to the plane 5 15
plate Along the 0 10
I2 = (M1R2) /4 T2 I2/T22=
diameter 5 15
Perpendicular 0 10
I3 = [M2 (L2+B2)] / 12 T3 I3/T32=
to the plane 5 15
Rectangular
Perpendicular 0 10
plate I4 = (M2 L2) / 12 T4 I4/T42=
to the length 5 15
Perpendicular 0 10
I5 = ( M2 B2) / 12 T5 I5/T52=
to the breadth 5 15

Mean value of (I/T2) = -------------- kgm2/s2

2. Calculation of moment of inertia of an irregular body

Axis of No. of Time No. of Time Time (t ) taken Avg. Time (t)Period T02 Moment of inertia of an

Engg. Physics Lab manual- Dec 2020

Page 7
suspension oscillations ‘t’ sec oscillations ‘t’ sec For 10 taken T0 = t/10 irregular body
oscillation for 10 I0 =( I/ T2)mean x T02
oscillations
Perpendicular 0 10
I0 = -------
to its plane 5 15

Length of the wire between the chuck nuts l = - - - - - cm

= - - - - - x 10-2 m

 8 l   I 
Calculation of Rigidity modulus     2
 r   T  mean
4

= -------------------- N/m2

RESULT:
1. The moment of inertia of the given irregular body about an axis perpendicular to its plane is
found to be I0 = -------------- kgm2

2. The rigidity modulus of the material of the wire is η = -------- N/m2.

PRECAUTION:

While changing the axis of the plates care should be taken to see that the wire does not
break. Therefore the chuck nut should be removed from the top.

Engg. Physics Lab manual- Dec 2020

Page 8
 BMS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT - BANGALORE
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Course: Engineering Physics lab course code: 18PHYL26

ACADEMIC YEAR : 2020-21 Target for co attainment

I semester (EVENSEM)
FACULTY INCHARGE: Dr. Daruka Prasad B 60% of students scoring 60% of marks : grade 3
Branch: ECE 55% of students scoring 60% of marks : grade 2
Section: H 50% of students scoring60% of marks : grade 1

DIRECT ATTAINMENT
Target> Target>=60
Sl No Name Internal Percentage Grade External Percentage Grade
=60% %
1 1BY20EC001 Aakash Kumar Singh 13 32.5 1 35 58 2
2 1BY20EC002 Aashritha 23 57.5 2 45 58 2
3 1BY20EC003 Abhay Singh 40 100 3 y 50 75 3 y
4 1BY20EC004 Abhishek K 27 67.5 3 y 50 83 3 y
5 1BY20EC005 Abhishek Kumar 17 42.5 1 49 83 3 y
6 1BY20EC006 Abhishek Nagesh Shetty 36 90 3 y 48 82 3 y
7 1BY20EC007 Abhishek Yadav 32 80 3 y 48 80 3 y
8 1BY20EC008 Achyuth Rao H 27 67.5 3 y 48 80 3 y
9 1BY20EC009 ACHYUTHA GOWDA C P 33 82.5 3 y 50 80 3 y
10 1BY20EC010 A TEJA 30 75 3 y 47 83 3 y
11 1BY20EC011 ADITHYA R 40 100 3 y 50 78 3 y
12 1BY20EC012 ADITYA SRINIVAS K 26 65 3 y 49 83 3 y
13 1BY20EC013 Aishwarya N 36 90 3 y 50 82 3 y
14 1BY20EC014 Ajay Basha Komali 20 50 2 45 83 3 y
15 1BY20EC015 AKHIL MP 30 75 3 y 50 75 3 y
16 1BY20EC016 Akhilesh N 33 82.5 3 y 49 83 3 y
17 1BY20EC017 Akshata Dabrabad 23 57.5 2 49 82 3 y
18 1BY20EC018 Akshatha S 34 85 3 y 49 82 3 y
19 1BY20EC019 Akshay goudar 13 32.5 1 48 82 3 y
20 1BY20EC020 AKSHAYA SUBRAHMANYA E 38 95 3 y 49 80 3 y
21 1BY20EC021 ALLA VAMSI KRISHNA 38 95 3 y 49 82 3 y
22 1BY20EC022 Aman Kumar 32 80 3 y 48 82 3 y
23 1BY20EC023 AMOGH DIXIT 25 62.5 3 y 49 80 3 y
24 1BY20EC024 AMULYA M KAUSHIK 40 100 3 y 49 82 3 y
25 1BY20EC025 Anand A B 39 97.5 3 y 49 82 3 y
26 1BY20EC026 ANANYA.R 30 75 3 y 49 82 3 y
27 1BY20EC027 Aniket Sharma 31 77.5 3 y 50 82 3 y
28 1BY20EC028 A SASI SEKHAR 19 47.5 1 37 83 3 y
29 1BY20EC029 Anubhav Kumar 31 77.5 3 y 49 62 3 y
30 1BY20EC030 APOORV SHANDILYA 32 80 3 y 48 82 3 y
31 1BY20EC031 Archana B 37 92.5 3 y 50 80 3 y
32 1BY20EC032 ARUNABH RANJAN 21 52.5 2 48 83 3 y
33 1BY20EC033 Arya Murali 33 82.5 3 y 49 80 3 y
34 1BY20EC034 Ashish Srinivasan 30 75 3 y 49 82 3 y
35 1BY20EC035 Ashwin Ajay NE #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 0 82 3 y
36 1BY20EC036 Asif Ayoub Bhatti 30 75 3 y 45 82 3 y
37 1BY20EC037 ATISH MARAGUR 33 82.5 3 y 50 0 0
38 1BY20EC038 B Meghana 40 100 3 y 49 75 3 y
39 1BY20EC039 Bhaswati Talukdar 34 85 3 y 50 83 3 y
40 1BY20EC040 Bhavitha D S 35 87.5 3 y 50 82 3 y
41 1BY20EC041 Bheemireddy Harini 32 80 3 y 42 83 3 y
42 1BY20EC042 Bhumika R NE #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 0 83 3 y
43 1BY20EC043 Bhumika T V 26 65 3 y 49 70 3 y
44 1BY20EC044 Bhuvan A R 25 62.5 3 y 49 0 0
45 1BY20EC045 Bhuvana H 24 60 3 y 47 82 3 y
46 1BY20EC046 Bittu Kumar 25 62.5 3 y 47 82 3 y
47 1BY20EC047 Chandana A 38 95 3 y 50 78 3 y
48 1BY20EC048 CHANDNI KUMARI 27 67.5 3 y 45 83 3 y
49 1BY20EC049 Chandu B R 35 87.5 3 y 50 75 3 y
50 1BY20EC050 CHARAN G S 31 77.5 3 y 49 83 3 y
51 1BY20EC051 Chirag Kumar N 32 80 3 y 50 82 3 y
52 1BY20EC052 Deekshitha B S 36 90 3 y 50 83 3 y
53 1BY20EC053 Deepak Darshan P 27 67.5 3 y 49 83 3 y
54 1BY20EC054 Deepika R 31 77.5 3 y 50 82 3 y
55 1BY20EC055 deepti hp 39 97.5 3 y 49 83 3 y
56 1BY20EC056 Devaraj 24 60 3 y 49 82 3 y
57 1BY20EC057 Dharani S 33 82.5 3 y 49 82 3 y
58 1BY20EC058 Divyashree.S 25 62.5 3 y 50 82 3 y
59 1BY20EC059 Duggasani venkata pradeep kumar
16 Reddy 40 1 44 83 3 y
60 1BY20EC060 Enosh J 40 100 3 y 49 73 3 y
61 1BY20EC061 G MEENAKSHI 40 100 3 y 50 82 3 y
62 1BY20EC062 G THARUN 29 72.5 3 y 49 83 3 y
63 1BY20EC063 Gagandeep S 22 55 2 45 82 3 y
64 1BY20EC064 GANDLAPARTHI NAVYATHA 37 92.5 3 y 49 75 3 y
No. OF Y 52 No. OF Y 66
 % Of attainment
attained grade ATTAINED % Of attainment
attained grade
CO1 72 3Y CO1 91.66667 3
CO2 72 3Y CO2 91.66667 3

External
Internal attainment attainment
CO1 3 3 3
CO2 3 3 3

Cii 0

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 2
CO2 3 2

Final CO-PO mapping:

Course Outcome PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 2
CO2 3 2
Ciii 3 2

Final Subject-PO mapping:

Enter Average attainment for the CO

Course PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
Engg Physics lab 3 2.00