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eference-ee158fd6-33be-42c9-9ae5-d635c3ae8c16
 City Number of weekly riders
Price per week
Population of city
1 192,000 $15 1,800,000
2 190,400 $15 1,790,000
3 191,200 $15 1,780,000
4 177,600 $25 1,778,000
5 176,800 $25 1,750,000
6 178,400 $25 1,740,000
7 180,800 $25 1,725,000
8 175,200 $30 1,725,000
9 174,400 $30 1,720,000
10 173,920 $30 1,705,000
11 172,800 $30 1,710,000
12 163,200 $40 1,700,000
13 161,600 $40 1,695,000
14 161,600 $40 1,695,000
15 160,800 $40 1,690,000
16 159,200 $40 1,630,000
17 148,800 $65 1,640,000
18 115,696 $102 1,635,000
19 147,200 $75 1,630,000
20 150,400 $75 1,620,000
21 152,000 $75 1,615,000
22 136,000 $80 1,605,000
23 126,240 $86 1,590,000
24 123,888 $98 1,595,000
25 126,080 $87 1,590,000
26 151,680 $77 1,600,000
27 152,800 $63 1,610,000

MEAN
MODE
VAR
SD
MEDIAN
MAX
MIN
SKEWNESS
KURTOSIS
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Number of weekly riders Price per week
QUARTILE
Mean 160026.0740741 Mean
Standard Error 4099.398087263 Standard Error
Median 161600 Median
Mode 161600 Mode
Standard Deviation 21301.09730277 Standard Deviation
Sample Variance 453736746.302 Sample Variance
Kurtosis -0.53884668356 Kurtosis
Skewness -0.44768058589 Skewness
Range 76304 Range
Minimum 115696 Minimum
Maximum 192000 Maximum
Sum 4320704 Sum
Count 27 Count
Monthly income of riders
Average parking rates per month
$5,800 $50
$6,200 $50
$6,400 $60
$6,500 $60
$6,550 $60
$6,580 $70
$8,200 $75
$8,600 $75
$8,800 $75
$9,200 $80
$9,630 $80
$10,570 $80
$11,330 $85
$11,600 $100
$11,800 $105
$11,830 $105
$12,650 $105
$13,000 $110
$13,224 $125
$13,766 $130
$14,010 $150
$14,468 $155
$15,000 $165
$15,200 $175
$15,600 $175
$16,000 $190
$16,200 $200

Population of city Monthly income ofAverage

riders parking rates per mont

49.9259259259259 Mean 1680111 Mean 11063.26

5.31699579023787 Standard Error 13048.71 Standard E 657.5304
40 Median 1695000 Median 11600
40 Mode 1725000 Mode #N/A
27.6279205569655 Standard Deviation 67803.07 Standard D 3416.628
763.301994301994 Sample Variance 4.6E+09 Sample Var11673347
-1.25179598638438 Kurtosis -1.260139 Kurtosis -1.334484
0.441069313571336 Skewness 0.210449 Skewness -0.115234
87 Range 210000 Range 10400
15 Minimum 1590000 Minimum 5800
102 Maximum 1800000 Maximum 16200
1348 Sum 45363000 Sum 298708
27 Count 27 Count 27
Average parking rates per month

Mean 107.037
Standard E 8.726859
Median 100
Mode 60
Standard D 45.34609
Sample Var 2056.268
Kurtosis -0.768703
Skewness 0.668861
Range 150
Minimum 50
Maximum 200
Sum 2890
Count 27
AND Function
AND function returns a Boolean value (TRUE or FALSE) after testing conditions you specify.

STUDENT MARK1 MARK2

A 35 43
B 44 33
C 43 24
D 23 46
E 49 47
F 12 29
G 39 31
H 40 11
I 42 38

OR Logical Function
The OR in Excel requires only one condition to be TRUE

STUDENT MARK1 MARK2

A 35 43
B 44 33
C 43 24
D 23 46
E 49 47
F 12 29
G 39 31
H 40 11
I 42 38

IF Logical Function
we want to assign either "Pass" or "Fail" based on a test score. A passing score is 20 or higher.
STUDENT MARK1
A 35
B 44
C 43
D 23
E 49
F 12
G 39
H 40
I 42

IF with AND, OR, NOT

The IF function can be combined with the AND function and the

STUDENT MARK1 MARK2

A 35 43
 B 44 33
C 43 24
D 23 46
E 49 47
F 12 29
G 39 31
H 40 11
I 42 38

IF WITH FORMULAS
It is necessary to overestimate the trade balances. If The product is kept in stock for more than 8 m

PRODUCT COST SHELF LIFE

A 200 6
B 119 12
C 197 5
D 158 7
E 250 6
F 300 11
G 370 10
H 600 3
I 133 9

Let’s complicate the task: if the product is stored for more than 8 months, the price is reduced 2 tim

PRODUCT COST SHELF LIFE

A 200 6
B 119 12
C 197 5
D 158 7
E 250 6
F 300 11
G 370 10
H 600 3
I 133 9
 Nested IF statements
the following formula can be used to assign a grade rather than a pass / fail result:

STUDENT MARK1 GRADE

107<20,"F",IF(B107<25,"D",IF(B107<30,"C",IF(B107<40,"B"
A 35
B 44 A
C 43 A
D 23 D
E 49 A
F 12 F
G 39 B
H 40 A
I 42 A

IFS Function
IFS is a function which contains one or more arguments inside a function.

STUDENT MARK1 GRADE

2<20,"F",B122<25,"D",B122<30,"C",B122<40,"B",
A 35 B1
B 44 A
C 43 A
D 23 D
E 49 A
F 12 F
G 39 B
H 40 A
I 42 A

NOT Logical function

The function helps check if one value is not equal to another. If we give TRUE, it will return FALSE
Suppose we don’t want the red combination for soft toys.
DESCRIPTION ITEM COLOR
TEDDY BEAR 1234 RED
DOLL 2345 BLUE
MICKEY MOUSE 2356 PINK
DONALD DUCK 2389 BLACK
RABBITS 2371 WHITE

XOR Logical function

XOR is another and last logical function of Excel that can be used to check the condition based on a

STUDENT MARK1 MARK2

 A 35 43
B 44 33
C 43 24
D 23 46
E 49 47
F 12 29
G 39 31
H 40 11
I 42 38

IFERROR Function
IFERROR function returns an alternate value if a formula results in an error. It will check for errors s

PRODUCT COST QUANTITY

A 200 10
B 119 4
C 197 NA
D 158 0
E 250 30
F 300 11
G 370 9
H 600 7
I 133

MATCH FUNCTION
The MATCH Function checks for a particular value in a range of cells and returns the respective loc
Match_type (optional) – explains the match type. It can be any one of these values: 1, 0, -1. The
DESCRIPTION ITEM COLOR
TEDDY BEAR 1234 RED
DOLL 2345 BLUE
MICKEY MOUSE 2356 PINK
DONALD DUCK 2389 BLACK
RABBITS 2371 WHITE

IFNA
IFNA function in Excel to replace a #N/A error with a friendly message. The IFNA function only catc

PRODUCT COST QUANTITY

A 200 10
B 119 4
C 197 NA
D 158 0
E 250 30
F 300 11
G 370 9
H 600 7
I 133
DESCRIPTION ITEM COLOR
TEDDY BEAR 1234 RED
DOLL 2345 BLUE
MICKEY MOUSE 2356 PINK
DONALD DUCK 2389 BLACK
RABBITS 2371 WHITE
E) after testing conditions you specify.

TRUE FALSE

AND(B5>30, C5>30)
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE

TRUE FALSE

OR(B19>30, C19>30)
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE

test score. A passing score is 20 or higher.

TRUE FALSE

IF(B33>20, "PASS", "FAIL")

PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
FAIL
PASS
PASS
PASS

tion and the OR function.

IF(AND(B48>20, C48>20),"PASS", "FAIL")

 PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
FAIL
PASS
FAIL
PASS

The product is kept in stock for more than 8 months we should reduce its price 2 times.

IF(C62>=8,B62/2,B62)
59.5
197
158
250
150
185
600
66.5

more than 8 months, the price is reduced 2 times. If it’s more than 5 months, but less than 8, it’s 1.5 times.

IF(C75>=8,B75/2,IF(AND (C75>=5,C75<8),B75/1.5,B75))
59.5
131.333333333333
105.333333333333
166.666666666667
150
185
600
66.5
rather than a pass / fail result:

07<30,"C",IF(B107<40,"B","A"))))

nts inside a function.

30,"C",B122<40,"B", B122<50,"A")

another. If we give TRUE, it will return FALSE and when given FALSE, it will return TRUE. So, basically, it will

PRICE
500
450
600
300
400

can be used to check the condition based on a certain scenario. It provides the reverse result of the OR func
OR
TRUE FALSE
 OR(B148>30, C148>30)
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE

mula results in an error. It will check for errors such as #N/A, #VALUE!, #REF!, #DIV/0!, #NUM!, #NAME? or #
PRICE PER UNIT
FORMULA RESULT
20.00
29.75
#VALUE!
#DIV/0!
8.33
27.27
41.11
85.71
#DIV/0!

a range of cells and returns the respective location of that value.

t can be any one of these values: 1, 0, -1. The match_type argument, when setting to 0, returns the exact m
MATCH
2
1
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

friendly message. The IFNA function only catches #N/A errors.

PRICE PER UNIT

FORMULA RESULT
20.00
29.75
#VALUE!
#DIV/0!
8.33
27.27
41.11
85.71
#DIV/0!
MATCH
2
1
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
than 8, it’s 1.5 times.

/1.5,B75))
UE. So, basically, it will always return a reverse logical value.

NOT(C137="RED")
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE

se result of the OR function. This function was not available in an earlier version of Excel. It was added in Exc
XOR
 XOR(B148>30, C148>30) If both conditions find not to be satisfied, it even re
FALSE If both conditions find not to be satisfied, it even re
TRUE It returned TRUE as one of the given conditions is s
TRUE It returned TRUE as one of the given conditions is s
FALSE If both conditions find not to be satisfied, it even re
FALSE If both conditions find not to be satisfied, it even re
FALSE If both conditions find not to be satisfied, it even re
TRUE It returned TRUE as one of the given conditions is s
FALSE If both conditions find not to be satisfied, it even re

, #NUM!, #NAME? or #NULL.

IFERROR RESULT
IFERROR(B162/C162,"INVALID DATA")
29.75
INVALID DATA
INVALID DATA
8.33
27.27
41.11
85.71
INVALID DATA

0, returns the exact match, while the other two types of values allow for an approximate match.

IFNA RESULT
IFNA(D188,"OOPS!!! ERROR")
29.75
#VALUE!
#DIV/0!
8.33
27.27
41.11
85.71
#DIV/0!
 IFNA RESULT
IFNA(D199,"OOPS!!! ERROR")
1.00
OOPS!!! ERROR
OOPS!!! ERROR
OOPS!!! ERROR
xcel. It was added in Excel 2013 and is now available in all the above versions.
to be satisfied, it even returns FALSE
to be satisfied, it even returns FALSE
f the given conditions is satisfied.
f the given conditions is satisfied.
to be satisfied, it even returns FALSE
to be satisfied, it even returns FALSE
to be satisfied, it even returns FALSE
f the given conditions is satisfied.
to be satisfied, it even returns FALSE

mate match.
 SUMPRODUCT
SUMPRODUCT Function can be used to return a value after sum and multiplies values from the ranges

Product Quantity Price

Computer 2 1000
Keyboard 4 250
Mouse 4 100
Printer 2 50
Total 3500

RANKIF
Conditional Ranking in Excel using SUMPRODUCT Function [RANKIF]
Here our target is to rank all the students in each of the subjects. That means, ranking from first to th

Student Score DepartmentSubwise Rank

Tameka Eastep 24 Finance 6
Noreen Bley 59 Finance 3
Hugh Vasques 11 Operations 8
Noemi Kinghorn 10 Marketing 11
Odessa Paille 40 Operations 7
Carlene Meisinger 91 PolySci 1
Selena Pulice 35 PolySci 7
Lonnie Plaisance 72 Math 6
Hugh Garceau 35 Marketing 8
Darren Elvin 47 Operations 6
Clinton Fiorillo 27 PolySci 8
Lonnie Coghlan 25 Accounting 3
Padmore 41 Marketing 6
Maricela Bitton 79 PolySci 3
Gay Berrian 90 Operations 3
Pearlie Weyandt 96 Operations 2
Mallory Huf 11 Finance 7
Tyrone Mattocks 80 PolySci 2
Mathew Geronimo 37 Math 8
Christian Ferranti 91 Marketing 1
Karina Riney 52 Marketing 3
Karina Luk 70 PolySci 4
Christian Dais 26 Math 10
Lance Granato 48 Finance 4
Guy Ratchford 39 Marketing 7
Chandra Otter 53 Accounting 2
Tania Weger 30 Marketing 9
Ted Immel 3 Operations 9
Tyrone Gess 14 Accounting 4
Roslyn Goudeau 72 Operations 4
Darryl Kinnaman 36 Math 9
Allan Delpriore 89 Marketing 2
Kenya Arceo 43 Marketing 4
 Christian Hodak 62 PolySci 6
Hugh Bogert 70 PolySci 4
Jamie Wilmeth 100 Operations 1
Kelly Gaulin 95 Math 1
Zenteno 75 Accounting 1
Guy Dier 14 Marketing 10
Eve Salamanca 48 Math 7
Tabatha Milone 10 Finance 8
Kurt Naron 73 Math 5
Althea Laymon 88 Math 3
Kelly Faller 49 Operations 5
Melisa Thoreson 98 Finance 2
Neva Massaro 93 Math 2
Nelson Westling 99 Finance 1
Noreen Steuck 38 Finance 5
Lance Ferron 75 Math 4
Christian Reveles 43 Marketing 4
values from the ranges or arrays.

ranking from first to the last student in each subject like Finance, Operations, and so on, according to their mar

First of all, add a new column at the end of the table and name it “Subject Wise Rank”
in the D4 cell, enter this formula =SUMPRODUCT((–(C2=$C$2:$C$121)),(–(B2<$B$2:$B$121)))+1 and
In the first part, you have used (–(C2=$C$2:$C$121)) to compare a subject name with the entire rang
To check, just edit your formulas in cell D4, select only the first part of the formula, and press F9. It wi
Here all the values which are matched with the subject name from cell D4 are TRUE and the others ar
So, the point is, that it has returned a TRUE in the entire array where the subject name is matched.
And in the end, you must use the double minus sign to convert TRUE and FALSE into 1 and 0.
Result from this part of the formula: We have a 1 where the subject is matched and a 0 where the sub
n the second part, you have used (–(B2<$B$2:$B$121)) to check other students’ scores that are grea
And it returns an array in which all the values are TRUE where marks are greater than Tameka.
To check, just edit your formulas in cell D4, select only the second part of the formula and press F9. It
Here all the values which are greater than “24” are TRUE and others are FALSE. So, the point is, that i
Result from this part of the formula: We have a 1 where the score is greater and a 0 score where the s
Now take a deep breath and relax. Slow down your mind and think like this. At this point, we have two

1. In the first array, you have 1 for all values where the subject is matched and 0 if not matched.
2. In the second array, you have one for all the values where the score of the students is greater and

Now, when SUMPRODUCT multiplies these two arrays you will get 1 only for those students whose sub
n, according to their marks

<$B$2:$B$121)))+1 and hit enter.

ame with the entire range. And it will return an array in which all those values will be true and are matched with
mula, and press F9. It will show all the values of the array.
TRUE and the others are FALSE.
ect name is matched.
ALSE into 1 and 0.
d and a 0 where the subject is not matched.
nts’ scores that are greater than Tameka’s score.
ter than Tameka.
formula and press F9. It will show all the values of the array.
E. So, the point is, that it has returned a TRUE in the entire array where the scores are greater than “24”
nd a 0 score where the score is equal or lower than.
t this point, we have two different arrays.

d 0 if not matched.
students is greater and zero if equal or lower.

ose students whose subject is matched, and the score is greater than Tameka.
ue and are matched with the subject name “Finance”.

greater than “24”