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 2.4 STRING

● Strings are used for storing and manipulating text.

● String is zero or more characters written in quotes.
● A string in javascript is a sequence of characters used to represent text.
● Strings are immutable, means once string is created it cannot be modified.
● String can be created using single quotes(‘’) , double quotes(“”) etc.

Syntax:
var str2 = "This is also a string";
Eg.<>
<script>
var greeting ="Hello";
var name="aryan";
//concatenation
var message = greeting +","+ name + "!";
document.write(message);
// o/p: Hello,aryan!;
</script>;

2.4.1 Manipulating a string.

● String manipulation means operation on string.

● String manipulation refers to performing various operations on string, such
as changing the case, extracting and replacing parts of the string.
The operations are:
1. Concatenation
2. Extraction of sub string
3. Finding length
4. Finding position of character
5. Changing case of string character etc.

2.4.2 Joining a string.

● Joining strings refers to the process of combining two or more strings into
one.
 ● This is commonly done using the concat() method or the + operator.
● The concat() method is used to join to or more strings
● Strings can also be joined using the plus operators.
● Strings can be joined using template literals (backticks ` `), which allows
embedding expressions.

Syntax:
string1.concat(string2, string3, ...);

E.g
<script>
var firstname = "john";
var lastname = "thomas";
// Joining strings using the concat() method
var fullname = firstname.concat("",lastname);
document.write("fullname="+fullname);
// Output: Full Name: John Doe
</script>;

2.4.3 Retrieving a character from given position.

● In JavaScript, you can retrieve a character from a specific position in a

string using the charAt() method or bracket notation
● The charAt() method is used to return the character at a specified index.
● You can also use bracket notation to retrieve a character from a specific
position.
● In JavaScript, string indices start at 0, meaning the first character is at
index 0, the second character at index 1, and so on.

Syntax:
string.charAt(index);
<script>
let str = "JavaScript";
// Retrieves the character at index 4
let char = str.charAt(4);
document.write(char);
// Output: "S"
</script>

2.4.4Retrieving the Position of a Character in a String

● In JavaScript, you can find the position (index) of a specific character or

substring in a string using the indexOf() method.
● The indexOf() method returns the index of the first occurrence of a
specified character or substring within the string. If the character is not
found, it returns -1.
● The indexOf() method is case-sensitive, meaning "S" is different from
"s".
● You can also use indexOf() to find the position of a substring.
● The search() method is used to find the position of a substring or
regular expression in a string. It returns the index of the first matc
● he lastIndexOf() method returns the last occurrence of a specified
character or substring in a string. If the character is not found, it returns -1.
● This method searches the string from right to left (backward), but the index
is still counted from the start (left to right).

Syntax
string.indexOf(character);
string.search(substring);
string.lastIndexOf(substring);
 <script>
let str = "JavaScript";
// Finds the position of "S"
let position = str.indexOf("S");
document.write(position); // Output: 4
</script>
<script>
let text = "Hello World, Welcome to the World!";
let position = text.lastIndexOf("World");
document.write(position); // Output: 24
</script>
<script>
var text = "Hello World";
var position = text.search("World");
document.write(position); // Output: 6
</script>

2.4.4 Dividing Text.

● you can divide a string into multiple parts using the split() method.
● This method splits a string into an array of substrings based on a specified
delimiter (like a space, comma, or any character).
● The split() method divides a string at each occurrence of the specified
separator and returns an array containing the substrings.
● You can specify any character or substring as the separator to divide the
string.
● You can also specify a limit to control the number of splits.

Syntax:
string.split(separator);
 <script>
var text = "Hello World Welcome";
var words = text.split(" "); // Divides the text by spaces
document.write(words); // Output: ["Hello", "World",
"Welcome"]
</script>

Copying a Substring
● In JavaScript, you can copy a part of a string (substring) using methods
like substring(), substr(), or slice(). These methods extract parts
of a string and return a new string.
● The substring() method extracts characters from a string between two
specified indices and returns the new substring.
● The extraction starts at startIndex and goes up to (but does not include)
endIndex. If endIndex is omitted, it extracts till the end of the string.

Syntax:
string.substring(startIndex, endIndex);

<script>
var text = "Hello, World!";
var result = text.substring(0, 5); // Extracts from
index 0 to 4
document.write(result); // Output: "Hello"
</script>

● The substr() method extracts a substring starting from a specific index

and for a specified number of characters.

Syntax:
string.substr(startIndex, length);
<script>
var text = "JavaScript";
var result = text.substr(4, 6); // Extracts 6 characters
starting from index 4
document.write(result); // Output: "Script"
</script>

Converting strings to numbers and numbers to string.

● In JavaScript, you can convert a string to a number using various methods

like parseInt(), parseFloat(), and the Number() function.
● The parseInt() method converts a string into an integer (whole
number). It ignores decimal places.

Syntax:
parseInt(string);

Eg.
<script>
var str = "123";
var num = parseInt(str); // Converts "123" to 123
document.write(num); // Output: 123
</script>

● The parseFloat() method converts a string to a floating-point (decimal)

number.
Syntax:
parseFloat(string);
<script>
var str = "123.45";
var num = parseFloat(str); // Converts "123.45" to 123.45
document.write(num); // Output: 123.45
</script>
 ● The Number() function converts a string to a number (integer or float
depending on the value).
Syntax:
Number(string);

Eg.
<script>
var str = "456";
var num = Number(str); // Converts "456" to 456
document.write(num); // Output: 456
</script>

Converting Numbers to Strings:

● You can convert a number to a string using the toString() method or
the String() function.
● The toString() method converts a number into a string.

Syntax:
number.toString();

The String() function converts a number to a string.

Syntax:
String(number);

<script>
var num = 456;
var str = String(num); // Converts 456 to "456"
document.write(str); // Output: "456"
</script>

Changing the Case of a String:

you can change the case of a string to uppercase or lowercase using two
methods: toUpperCase() and toLowerCase().
The toUpperCase() method converts all characters of a string to uppercase.
Syntax:
string.toUpperCase();

Eg.
<script>
var text = "hello world";
var upperText = text.toUpperCase(); // Converts to "HELLO
WORLD"
document.write(upperText); // Output: HELLO WORLD
</script>

The toLowerCase() method converts all characters of a string to lowercase.

Syntax:
string.toLowerCase();

Eg.
<script>
let text = "HELLO WORLD";
let lowerText = text.toLowerCase(); // Converts to "hello
world"
document.write(lowerText); // Output: hello world
</script>

Finding a Unicode of a character - charCodeAt(), fromCharCode().

● you can find the Unicode value of a character using the charCodeAt()
method and convert a Unicode value back to a character using the
fromCharCode() method.
● The charCodeAt() method returns the Unicode of the character at a
specified position in a string.
● This method is used to return a unicode of specified character.
● Here, index is the position of the character in the string (starting from 0).
Syntax:

string.charCodeAt(index);

Eg.

<script>
var text = "Hello";
var unicode = text.charCodeAt(0); // Finds the Unicode of
the character at index 0 ('H')
document.write(unicode); // Output: 72 (Unicode value of
'H')
</script>

fromCharCode().

● This method is used to return a character for specified code.

● This method is used to return a unicode of specified character.

Syntax:
String.fromCharCode(unicode);

<script>
var character = String.fromCharCode(72); // Converts
Unicode 72 to the character 'H'
document.write(character); // Output: H
</script>
Model ANSER PAPER MASTERY:

1. Write the use of chatAt() and indexof() with syntax and example.
(W-19 4m)
2. Write a JavaScript that will replace following specified value with
another value in string
String = “I will fail”
Replace “fail” by “pass” (W-19 4m)
3. Write a javascript function that accepts a string as a parameter and
find the length of the string.(S-22 4m)
4. Write a javascript to checks whether a passed string is palindrome or
not. (S-22 6M)
5. Develop javascript to convert the given character to unicode and
vice-versa. (S-22 6m)
6. Write and explain a string functions for converting string to number
and number to string. (W-22 4m)
7. Write a JavaScript function to check the first character of a string is
uppercase or not. (W-22 4m)
8. Write the use of charCoadeAt() and fromCharCode() with syntax and
example. (S-23 4m)
9. Write javascript code to perform following operations on string
. Use split() method. (S-23 4m)
Input String:”Sudha Narayan Murthy”
Display output as
First Name: “Sudha”
Middle Name: “Narayan”
Last Name: “Murthy:
 13. State the use of following methods: i) charCodeAt( ) ii)
fromCharCode () (S-24 4m)
14. Write a JavaScript function that checks whether a passed string is
palindrome or not. (S-24 4m)