IILI06130 TERMODYNAMICS HOMEWORK # 06 (Chapter 04)

Instructor: Dr. Sergio Cano Andrade ([email protected])

Reference: Moran M.J. and Shapiro H.N., Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, West
Sussex, 3rd Ed., 1996

• 4.10. Air enters a one-inlet, one-exit control volume at 10 bars, 400 K, 20 m/s through a flow area of 20 cm2 . At the
exit, the pressure is 6 bars, the temperature is 345.7 K, and the velocity is 330.2 m/s. The air behaves as an ideal gas. For
steady-state operation, determine
a) The mass flow rate, in kg/s
b) The exit flow area, in cm2
• 4.13. Refrigerant 22 enters the condenser of a refrigeration system operating at steady state at 12 bars, 50◦ C, through a
2.5 cm-diameter pipe. At the exit, the pressure is 12 bars, the temperature is 28◦ C, and the velocity is 2.5 m/s. The mass
flow rate of the entering refrigerant is 5 kg/min. Determine
a) The velocity at the inlet, in m/s.
b) The diameter of the exit pipe, in cm.

• 4.14. Steam at 120 bars, 520◦ C, enters a turbine operating at steady state with a volumetric flow rate of 460 m3 /min.
Twenty-two percent of the entering mass flow exits at 10 bars, 220◦ C, with a velocity of 20 m/s. The rest exists at another
location with a pressure of 0.06 bars, a quality of 86.2%, and the velocity of 500 m/s. Determine the diameters of each
exit duct, in m.
• 4.15. A substance flows through a 43 in-diameter pipe with a velocity of 15 ft/s at a particular location. Determine the
mass flow rate, in lb/s, if the substance is
a) Water at 30 lbf/in2 , 60◦ F
b) Air is an ideal gas at 100 lbf/in2 , 100◦ F
c) Refrigerant 134a at 100 lbf/in2 , 100◦ F
• 4.17. Air enters a 0.6 m-diameter fan at 16◦ C, 101 kPa, and is discharged at 18◦ C, 105 kPa, with a volumetric flow rate
of 0.5 m3 /s. Assuming ideal gas behavior, determine for steady-state operation
a) The mass flow rate of air, in kg/s.
b) The volumetric flow rate of air at the inlet, in m3 /s.
c) The inlet and exit velocities, in m/s.
• 4.20. A control volume operating at steady state has one inlet and two exits, as shown in Fig. P4.20. Using data on the
figure, determine (a) the mass flow rate at the inlet, in kg/s, (b) the mass flow rate at 2, in kg/s, and (c) the velocity at 3 in
m/s.
• 4.23. Steam enters a nozzle operating at steady state at 30 bars, 320◦ C, with a velocity of 100 m/s. The exit pressure
and temperature are 10 bars and 200◦ C respectively. The mass flow rate is 2 kg/s. Neglecting heat transfer and potential
energy, determine
a) The exit velocity, in m/s
b) The inlet and exit flow areas, in cm2
• 4.25. Methane (CH4 ) gas enters a nozzle at 0.5 MPa, 80◦ C with a velocity of 10 m/s and exits at 0.3 MPa, with a velocity
of 550 m/s. Potential energy and heat transfer effects are negligible, and ideal gas behavior can be assumed for the
methane. For steady-state operation, determine the exit temperature, in ◦ C.
• 4.29. Air enters an insulated diffuser operating at steady state with a pressure of 0.7 bar, a temperature of 57◦ C, and
a velocity of 200 m/s. At the exit, the pressure is 1.0 bar. The exit flow area is 20% greater than the inlet flow area.
Potential energy effects can be neglected. Using the ideal gas model with a constant specific heat cp evaluated at the inlet
temperature, determine at the exit
a) The temperature, in K.
b) The velocity, in m/s.

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• 4.30. The inlet ducting to a jet engine forms a diffuser that decelerates the entering air to zero velocity relative to the
engine before the air enters the compressor. Consider a jet airplane flying at 1,000 km/h where the local atmospheric
pressure is 0.6 bar and the air temperature is 8◦ C. Assuming ideal gas behavior and neglecting potential energy effects,
determine the temperature, in K, of the air entering the compressor.
• 4.33. Air expands through a turbine from 10 bars, 900 K to 1 bar, 500 K. The inlet velocity is small compared to the exit
velocity of 100 m/s. The turbine operates at steady state and develops a power output of 3,200 kW. Heat transfer between
the turbine and its surroundings and potential energy effects are negligible. Calculate the mass flow rate of air, in kg/s,
and the exit area, in m2 .
• 4.34. Air expands through a turbine operating at steady state. At the inlet, p1 = 50 lbf/in2 , T1 = 1, 500◦ R, and at the
exit, p2 = 14.5 lbf/in2 . The volumetric flow rate of air entering the turbine is 3,000 ft3 /min, and the power developed is
3,400 horsepower. Neglecting heat transfer and kinetic and potential energy effects, determine the exit temperature, T2 ,
in ◦ R.
• 4.38. Steam enters a well-insulated turbine operating at steady state with negligible velocity at 4 MPa, 320◦ C. The steam
expands to an exit pressure of 0.07 MPa, a specific volume of 2.19 m3 /kg, and a velocity of 90 m/s. The diameter of the
exit is 0.6 m. Neglecting potential energy effects, determine the power developed by the turbine, in kW.

• 4.39. The intake to a hydraulic turbine installed in a flood control dam is located at an elevation of 10 m above the turbine
exit. Water enters at 20◦ C with negligible velocity and exits from the turbine at 10 m/s. The water passes through the
turbine with no significant changes in temperature or pressure between the inlet and exit, and heat transfer is negligible.
The acceleration of gravity is constant at g = 9.81 m/s2 . If the power output at steady state is 500 kW, what is the mass
flow rate of water, in kg/s?

• 4.40. A well-insulated turbine operating at steady state is sketched in Fig. P4.40. Steam enters at 3 MPa, 400◦ C, with a
volumetric flow rate of 85 m3 /min. Some steam is extracted from the turbine at a pressure of 0.5 MPa and a temperature
of 180◦ C. The rest expands to a pressure of 6 kPa and exits with a mass flow rate of 40,000 kg/h and a quality of 90%.
Kinetic and potential energy effects can be neglected. Determine
a) The diameter, in m, of the duct through which steam is extracted, if the velocity there is 20 m/s.
b) The power developed by the turbine, in kW and Btu/h.
• 4.42. Air compressed at steady state from 1 bar, 300 K, to 6 bars, 440 K with a mass flow rate of 4 kg/s. Heat transfer
occurs at a rate of 42.3 kJ per kg of air flowing to cooling water circulating in a water jacket enclosing the compressor. If
kinetic and potential energy changes of the air from inlet to exit are negligible, calculate the compressor power, in kW.
• 4.45. A compressor operates at steady state with Refrigerant 134a as the working fluid. The refrigerant enters at 0.2 MPa,
0◦ C with a volumetric flow rate of 0.6 m3 /min. The diameters of the inlet and exit pipes are 3 and 1.5 cm, respectively.
At the exit, the pressure is 1.0 MPa and the temperature is 50◦ C. If the compressor power input is 3 kW, what is the rate
of heat transfer, in kW?

• 4.47. Carbon dioxide gas is compressed at steady state from a pressure of 20 lbf/in2 and specific volume of 6 ft3 /lb to a
temperature of 580◦ R. The gas enters the compressor through a 6 in-diameter duct with a velocity of 30 ft/s and leaves
with a velocity of 80 ft/s. The work input per unit mass of carbon dioxide flowing is 34 Btu/lb. Using the ideal gas
model and neglecting potential energy effects, determine the heat transfer rate from the compressor to its surroundings,
in Btu/min.

• 4.50. Refrigerant 134a is compressed at steady state from 2.4 bars, 0◦ C, to 12 bars, 50◦ C. Refrigerant enters the com-
pressor with a volumetric flow rate of 0.38 m3 /min, and the power input to the compressor is 2.6 kW. Cooling water
circulates through a water jacket enclosing the compressor with a mass flow rate of 0.04 kg/s and negligible change in
pressure. Heat transfer from the outside of the water jacket and all kinetic and potential energy effects can be neglected.
Determine the temperature rise of the cooling water, in ◦ C.

• 4.53. A water pump operating at steady state has 3 in-diameter inlet and exit pipes, each at the same elevation. For a
power input of 2 horsepower there is a pressure rise of 12 lbf/in2 from inlet to exit. If the water temperature remains
nearly constant at 70◦ F, determine the mass flow rate, in lb/s, and the volumetric flow rate, in gal/min.

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