IILI06130 TERMODYNAMICS HOMEWORK # 04 (Chapter 03)

Instructor: Dr. Sergio Cano Andrade ([email protected])

Reference: Moran M.J. and Shapiro H.N., Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, West
Sussex, 3rd Ed., 1996

• 3.55. A rigid well-insulated tank contains a two-phase mixture consisting of 0.07 lb of saturated liquid water and 0.07 lb
of saturated water vapor, initially at 20 lbf/in2 . A paddle wheel stirs the mixture until only saturated vapor remains in the
tank. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. For the water, determine the amount of energy transfer by work,
in Btu.
• 3.56. A piston-cylinder assembly contains a two-phase liquid-vapor mixture of H2 O initially at 500 kPa with a quality of
98%. Expansion occurs to a state where the pressure is 150 kPa. During the process the pressure and specific volume are
related by pv = constant. For the water, determine the work and heat transfer per unit mass, each in kJ/kg.
• 3.57. Two pounds mass of a two-phase liquid-vapor mixture of H2 O, initially at 100 lbf/in2 and a quality of 50% are
confined to one side of a rigid, well-insulated container by a partition. The other side of the container is initially evacuated.
The partition is removed and the water expands to fill the entire container. The pressure at the final equilibrium state is
40 lbf/in2 . Determine the change in volume of the H2 O, in ft3 .
• 3.58. Two kilograms of water, initially a saturated liquid at 100 kPa, are heated to saturated vapor while the pressure is
maintained constant. Determine the work and heat transfer for the process, each in kJ. Show that the heat transfer equals
the change in enthalpy of the water in this case.
• 3.61. A two-phase liquid-vapor mixture of H2 O with an initial quality of 25% is contained in a piston cylinder assembly
as shown in Fig. P3.61. The mass of the piston is 40 kg, and its diameter is 10 cm. The atmospheric pressure of the
surroundings is 1 bar. The initial and final positions of the piston are shown on the diagram. As the water is heated, the
pressure inside the cylinder remains constant until the piston hits the stops. Heat transfer to the water continues until its
pressure is 3 bars. Friction between the piston and the cylinder wall is negligible. Determine the total amount of heat
transfer, in J. Let g = 9.81 m/s2 .

• 3.63. Two kilograms of Refrigerant 22, initially at 6 bars and occupying a volume of 0.06 m3 , undergoes a process at
constant pressure until the volume has increased by 50%. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. Determine
the work and heat transfer for the process, each in kJ.
• 3.66. A system consisting of 2 kg of ammonia undergoes a cycle composed of the following processes:
Process 1-2: constant volume from p1 = 10 bars, x1 = 0.6 to saturated vapor
Process 2-3: constant temperature to p3 = p1 , Q←
23 = +228 kJ
Process 3-1: constant pressure
Sketch the cycle on p-v and T -v diagrams. Neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, determine the net work for
the cycle and the heat transfer for each process, all in kJ.
• 3.68. A system consisting of 1 lb of Refrigerant 22 undergoes a cycle composed of the following processes:
Process 1-2: constant pressure from p1 = 30 lbf/in2 , x1 = 0.95 to T2 = 40◦ F
←
Process 2-3: constant temperature to saturated vapor with W23 = +11.82 Btu
Process 3-1: adiabatic expansion
Sketch the cycle on p-v and T -v diagrams. Neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, determine the net work for
the cycle and the heat transfer for each process, all in Btu.

• 3.69. A well-insulated copper tank of mass 13 kg contains 4 kg of liquid water. Initially, the temperature of the coper is
27◦ C and the temperature of the water is 50◦ C. An electrical resistor of negligible mass transfers 100 kJ of energy to the
contents of the tank. The tank and its contents come to equilibrium. What is the final temperature, in ◦ C?
• 3.74. Determine the compressibility factor for water vapor at 100 bars and 400◦ C, using
a) Data from the compressibility chart.
b) Data from the steam tables.

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• 3.75. Determine the volume, in m3 , occupied by 40 kg of nitrogen (N2 ) at 17 MPa, 180 K.
• 3.79. Butane (C4 H10 ) undergoes a process in a piston-cylinder assembly from p1 = 5 MPa, T1 = 500 K to p2 = 3 MPa
during which the relationship between pressure and volume is pv 1.05 = constant. The mass of butane is 5 kg. Determine
the final temperature, in K, and the work, in kJ.

• 3.81. A tank contains 0.042 m3 of oxygen at 21◦ C and 15 MPa. Determine the mass of oxygen, in kg, using
a) The ideal gas model.
b) Data from the compressibility chart.

Comment on the applicability of the ideal gas model for oxygen at this state.
• 3.82. Show that water vapor can be accurately modeled as an ideal gas at temperatures below about 60◦ C (140◦ F).
• 3.84. Determine the percent error in using the ideal gas model to determine the specific volume of
a) Water vapor at 2,000 lbf/in2 , 700◦ F.
b) Water vapor at 1 lbf/in2 , 200◦ F.
c) Ammonia at 60 lbf/in2 , 160◦ F
d) Air at 1 atm, 2,000 ◦ R
e) Refrigerant 22 at 300 lbf/in2 , 140◦ F