Unit 4: Maintain Healthy, Safe and Secure

Working Environment
Chapter 13: Health, Safety and Security at

Workplace

A. Multiple choice questions

Q1. Workplace safety is essential in organisation _______________.
(a) to avoid the accident and injury
(b) to increase the productivity
(b) to improve the work environment
(d) All of the above

Ans. (d) All of the above

Q2. Which of the following is not mandatory to keep the good health of an employee?
(a) Cleanliness
(b) Food court
(c) Clean and fresh air
(d) Clean washroom

Ans. (b) Food court

Q3. The security department is not responsible for _________________.

(a) personal safety
(b) computer system and equipment safety
(c) electrical safety
(d) personal belongings

Ans. (d) personal belongings

Q4. The proper security procedures will increase ________________.

(a) liabilities
(b) insurance
(c) business revenue
(d) operational charges of the company

Ans. (c) business revenue

Q5. Which kind of hazards can occur in IT industry?

(a) Biological
(b) Chemical
(c) Physical
(d) Ergonomic
Ans. (d) Ergonomic

Q6. Which of the following can cause hazards while using computers?
(a) Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position
(b) Lifting heavy object
(c) Mishandling of tools and equipment
(d) Improper handling of office equipment

Ans. (a) Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position

Q7. Which of the following statements is likely to result in an injury to the operator?
(a) Selecting the right tool for the job
(b) Wearing safety goggles or glasses
(c) Using a tool with loose handles
(d) Keeping cutting tools sharp

Ans. (c) Using a tool with loose handles

Q8. What are the potential cause of hazards at workplace?

(a) Poor ventilation
(b) Poor lighting
(c) Poor housekeeping
(d) All of the above

Ans. (d) All of the above

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Health of an employee is the state of the physical, ________________ and
_______________ well being.
Ans. 1. Health of an employee is the state of the physical, mental and social well being.

2. The work places must be cleaned in the __________________ before the people
start working.
Ans. 2. The work places must be cleaned in the morning before the people start
working.

3. A proper ___________________ provide clean and cool air at the workplace.

Ans. 3. A proper air conditioning provide clean and cool air at the workplace.

4. A fresh food cafeteria helps to maintain the ____________________ of the

employee.
Ans. 4. A fresh food cafeteria helps to maintain the health of the employee.
5. The work environment of the organisation must be _____________ and free from
_________________ and _____________.
Ans. 5. The work environment of the organisation must be safe and free from hazards
and risks.

6. The proper security procedures will increase the ___________ and will reduce the
__________ of the company.
Ans. 6. The proper security procedures will increase the business revenue and will
reduce the operational charges of the company.

7. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through national policy on

________.
Ans. 7. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through national policy on
Occupational Health and Safety.

8. Physical hazards occurs due to ___________.

Ans. 8. Physical hazards occurs due to physical work environment.

9. Electrical hazards mostly caused due to coming in direct contact with

______________, or indirect contact through a _____________.
Ans. 9. Electrical hazards mostly caused due to coming in direct contact with live wires,
or indirect contact through a conductor.

10. Hazards while using computers occurs due to ___________ or excessive duration
of sitting in ____________.
Ans. 10. Hazards while using computers occurs due to poor sitting postures or
excessive duration of sitting in one position.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False

1. The employer and employees are responsible for workplace safety.
Ans. 1. The employer and employees are responsible for workplace safety. True

2. Any injury at work should be reported to the supervisor immediately.

Ans. 2. Any injury at work should be reported to the supervisor immediately. True

3. No matter how big or small the injury; the injured person should receive medical
attention.
Ans. 3. No matter how big or small the injury; the injured person should receive medical
attention. True

4. While working with machines and equipment, employees must follow the safety
guidelines set by the company.
Ans. 4. While working with machines and equipment, employees must follow the safety
guidelines set by the company. True
5. Bright light sources behind the display screen can create contrast problems.
Ans. 5. Bright light sources behind the display screen can create contrast problems.
True

6. Exposure to bright lights and toxic fumes and vapour could damage the mouth and
ears.
Ans. 6. Exposure to bright lights and toxic fumes and vapour could damage the mouth
and ears. False

7. The use of personal protective clothing and equipment can control the hazards at
workplace.
Ans. 7. The use of personal protective clothing and equipment can control the hazards
at workplace. True

8. Do not throw rubbish daily.

Ans. 8. Do not throw rubbish daily. True

9. Proper handling of office equipment can result in injuries.

Ans. 9. Proper handling of office equipment can result in injuries. False

10. Stress at workplace can cause hazard in today’s organisation.

Ans. 10. Stress at workplace can cause hazard in today’s organisation. True

D. Short answer questions

Q1. Briefly explain the concept of health, safety and security at
workplace.
Ans. Health: Health of an employee is the state of the physical, mental and social well
being. Health of an employee must be in a good condition so that the employees will not
suffer from any diseases. Every organisation must provide healthy and safety working
environment for their employees at the workplace.
Safety: Safety at workplace refers to the work environment which is free from any
hazards and risk. A proper
safety guidelines must be prepared by the company and it should be strictly followed.
Security: Security is a kind of freedom from any potential harm. Security ensures the
safety of the people working in the organisation.

Q2. State the most important reasons for health, safety and security
programs in the workplace.
Ans. Most important reasons for health, safety and security programs in workplace are:
1. It clearly states that the company is not only doing the business for profits but it is
taking care of all its stakeholders.
2. It shows the performance of the business and the safety performance are compatible
with each other.
3. It clearly indicates the company’s commitment for their employee’s health and safety.
4. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through such policy.

Q3. List out the various workplace safety hazards.

Ans. Various workplace safety hazards are:
1. Physical Hazards
2. Electrical Hazards
3. Fire Hazards
4. Ergonomic Hazards
5. Biological Hazards

Q4. List out the potential sources of hazards in an organization.

Ans. Potential sources of hazards in an organization are:
1. Hazards using Computers
2. Handling Office Equipment
3. Stress at Work
4. Working Environment

Q5. List some of the IT workplace hazards.

Ans. Some of the IT workplace hazards are:
1. Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position. These hazards
may result in pain and strain.
2. Making the same movement repetitively can also cause muscle fatigue.
3. Glare from the computer screen can be harmful to the eyes.

Q6. What are the examples of potential hazards?

Ans. Examples of potential hazards are:
1. Hazards using Computers:
Hazards while using computers include poor sitting postures or excessive duration of
sitting in one position.
These hazards may result in pain and strain.
2. Handling Office Equipment:
Improper handling of office equipment can result in injuries. For example, sharp-edged
equipment, if not handled properly, can cause cuts.
3. Stress at Work:
In an organization, we may encounter various stresses like long working hours can be
stressful and so can aggressive conflicts or arguments with colleagues.
4. Working Environment:
Potential hazards may include poor ventilation, chairs and tables of inappropriate
height, hard furniture, poor lighting, staff unaware of emergency procedures, or poor
housekeeping.

Q7. Describe information technology workplace hazards.

Ans. Some of the information technology workplace hazards are:
1. Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position. These hazards
may result in pain and strain.
2. Making the same movement repetitively can also cause muscle fatigue.
3. Glare from the computer screen can be harmful to the eyes.

Q8. What are the workplace safety rules?

Ans. Workplace safety rules are:
A) Basic Fire safety rules in an organization are :
1) Fire escape plans must be installed at proper levels
2) Conduct regular drills
3) Smoke alarms must be placed at proper intervals
4) Keep workplace a no-smoking zone
5) Maintenance of safety equipment must be taken care of regularly
B) Falls and Slips Safety rules
1) Keep the moving area clean and clutter free.
2) Workplace must be properly ventilated and receive light.
3) Wear non-slip footwear.
4) Floors must be clean and dry
5) Oil spills, dust must be immediately cleaned.
C) Electrical Safety Rules:
1) Electrical equipment used should be approved by a recognised organization.
2) Workers should be trained to handle the electric equipment safely.
3) Damaged and hazardous electrical equipment should be immediately replaced.
4) Heat emanating equipment should be kept away from the electrical equipment.

Q9. List out different safety guidelines.

Ans. Safety Guidelines are:
1. Store all cleaning chemicals in tightly closed containers in separate
cupboards.
2. Make sure all areas have proper lighting.
3. Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry when working with machines.
4. Never distract the attention of people who are working near a fire or with
some machinery.
5. Shut down all machines before leaving for the workplace.
6. Do not play with electrical controls or switches

Q10. Describe the type of emergency with an example.

Ans. Various types of emergencies are there and there should be an emergency
management plan to handle the situation of emergency. Some of the types of
emergencies are as follows :
1. Chemical spills
2. Extreme heat waves
3. Droughts
4. Pandemics
5. Terrorist attack
6. Fire
7. Floods
8. Thunderstorms
9. Leakage of some hazardous gas/ chemical
 Chapter 14. Workplace Quality Measures

A. Multiple choice questions

Q1. To provide healthy and safety working environment, every organisation

must have _______.
(a) Cleanliness
(b) Filtered water
(c) Clean wash-room
(d) All of the above

Ans. (d) All of the above

Q2. Air pollution is mostly caused by production of the ________in the

surrounding air.
(a) dust
(b) mixture of solid particles
(c) gases
(d) All of above

Ans. (d) All of above

Q3. Repetitive use of muscle may feel pain in your ______________.

(a) neck
(b) shoulder
(c) wrist or fingers
(d) All of the above

Ans. (d) All of the above

Q4. The security department organisation is not responsible for

______________.
(a) other safety
(b) computer system safety
(c) electrical safety
(d) transport safety
Ans. There is no correct answer as security department is responsible for
all the safety listed above.

Q5. For an organisation, the proper security procedures will reduce

_________________.
(a) liabilities
(b) insurance
(c) business revenue
(d) operational charges of the company

Ans. (a) liabilities

Q6. Do not wear ______________ when working with machines.

(a) jewellery
(b) safety glasses
(c) masks
(d) gloves

Ans. (a) jewellery

Q7. Sore lower back is caused due to _____.

(a) reaching forward frequently
(b) no lumbar support
(c) no upper back support from chair
(d) reaching forward for long periods

Ans. (b) no lumbar support

Q8. What should you do with the problem of dry eyes?

(a) Forget to blink
(b) Rest eyes periodically and do simple eye exercises
(c) Do exercise
(d) Blink the eyes

Ans. (b) Rest eyes periodically and do simple eye exercises

Q9. If light is coming directly behind or in front of you then you may suffer
from _____.
(a) eye strain
(b) sore eyes
(c) dry eyes
(d) eye strain and sore eyes

Ans. (d) eye strain and sore eyes

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Air and water pollution can be analysed by using physical,

_____________ and _________________ analysis.
Ans. 1. Air and water pollution can be analysed by using physical, chemical
and biological analysis.

2. The PH value of the water can be measured through

____________________ analysis.
Ans. 2. The PH value of the water can be measured through chemical
analysis.

3. The ________________ indicators are used to monitor the health of the

ecosystem.
Ans. 3. The microbial indicators are used to monitor the health of the
ecosystem.

4. Ergonomics is the science concerned with ___________________ and

arranging things.
Ans. 4. Ergonomics is the science concerned with designing and arranging
things.

5. Working with wrists extended too much repetition can cause

_______________________.
Ans. 5. Working with wrists extended too much repetition can cause
Arching wrists.

6. The repetition of a seemingly ________________ task over a period of

time can cause an injury.
Ans. 6. The repetition of a seemingly innocuous task over a period of time
can cause an injury.

7. If a cord or wire will cross a pathway safety it should be mark it with

_______________.
Ans. 7. If a cord or wire will cross a pathway safety it should be mark it with
hazard tape.

8. Loose cords and wires can cause __________________________.

Ans. 8. Loose cords and wires can cause hazard.

9. Glare and ________________ on the screen should be prevented.

Ans. 9. Glare and flickering images on the screen should be prevented.

10. The keyboard should have a matte surface to avoid

___________________ glare.
Ans. 10. The keyboard should have a matt surface to avoid reflective glare.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False

1. The work environment of the organisation must be free from hazards and
risk.
Ans. 1. The work environment of the organisation must be free from
hazards and risk. True

2. Practice a no vehicle day in every week to avoid air pollution.

Ans. 2. Practice a no vehicle day in every week to avoid air pollution. True

3. Applying ergonomics can improve performance and productivity.

Ans. 3. Applying ergonomics can improve performance and productivity.
True

4. Wear rings, watches and necklaces while working on the computer.

Ans. 4. Wear rings, watches and necklaces while working on the computer.
False

5. Never touch or try repairing any electrical equipment or circuits with wet
hands.
Ans. 5. Never touch or try repairing any electrical equipment or circuits
with wet hands. True
6. Unplug all power sources and cables from computer while working on
computer.
Ans. 6. Unplug all power sources and cables from computer while working
on computer. True

7. Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury.

Ans. 7. Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain
injury. True

8. The work chair must be stable and allow the user to move easily.
Ans. 8. The work chair must be stable and allow the user to move easily.
True

9. Artificial lighting from computer screens can cause sleeping problems.

Ans. 9. Artificial lighting from computer screens can cause sleeping
problems. True

10. The keyboard and mouse should not be kept at the same level.
Ans. 10. The keyboard and mouse should not be kept at the same level.
False

D. Short answer type questions

Q1. What causes the water pollution?

Ans. Main causes of water pollution are:
1. Industrial waste
2. Sewage and Waste water
3. Oil Leaks and Spills
4. Fertilizers from Agriculture field
5. Household waste

Q2. What is occupational overuse syndrome?

Ans. Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury
(RSI), is a collective term for a range of conditions, characterised by discomfort
or persistent pain in muscles, tendons and other soft tissues. It is usually caused
with repetitive movement, sustained or constrained postures and/or forceful
movements.
Psycho-social factors, including stress in the working environment, may be
important in the development of
occupational overuse syndrome
Q3. What are musculoskeletal problems?
Ans. This problem include different areas of our body, such as neck, back,
chests, arms shoulders and feet. It occurs because of our wrong posture,
uncomfortable chair for sitting that is not ergonomically correct while working on
the computer.

Q4. What cautions to be taken while working on the computer?

Ans.
1. Keep your monitor at least 20 to 30 inch away from you.
2. Maximise contact of your back against the backrest of the chair.
3. Always take small breaks while working on the computer.
4. Wear anti-glare glasses to work on computer.

Q5. Why there is no right way to use a laptop?

Ans. There is really no right way to use a laptop because if you position the
screen at the right height for your back and neck, it will cause you to have to lift
your arms and shoulders too high to use it and vice versa.

Q6. What causes eye strain and how to avoid it?

Ans. Computer’s bright light, glare and flickering images can cause eye strain
and visual fatigue. It can be avoided by:
1. Adjusting the brightness of computer screen.
2. Keeping a proper vision distance from computer.
3. Blinking our eyes at regular interval.
4. Wearing anti-glare glasses while working in computer.

Q7. What type of display screen is suitable to work on computer?

Ans. We should use the modern LED monitors of legible size and with adequate
spacing between the characters and lines. The image on the screen should be
stable, with no flickering. The screen must be free of reflective glare.

Q8. What type of keyboard is suitable to work on computer?

Ans. The keyboard should tilt and separate from the screen so that we can find a
comfortable working position to avoid fatigue in the arms or hands. The keyboard
should have a matt surface to avoid reflective glare. The symbols on the keys
must be adequately contrasted.
 Chapter 15. Prevent Accidents and Emergencies

A. Multiple choice questions

Q1. What are the steps necessary for operating a fire extinguisher?
(a) Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher which is generally present
in its handle
(b) Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle
(c) Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever
(d) All of the above

Ans. (d) All of the above

Q2. Which of the following is an examples of ignition sources of open

flames?
(a) Gas ovens
(b) Lighters in smoking areas
(c) Welding torches
(d) All of the above

Ans. (d) All of the above

Q3. In fire classification, all liquid, grease, and gas material comes under
______.
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material

Ans. (b) Class B material

Q4. In fire classification, material magnesium, potassium, and sodium

comes under ___.
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material
Ans. (d) Class D material

Q5. In fire classification, material wood, cloth, and paper comes under
____.
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material

Ans. (a) Class A material

Q6. In fire classification, electrical material and equipment comes under

________.
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material

Ans. (c) Class C material

Q7. When do we use a fire extinguisher?

(a) In case of flood
(b) In case of electric shock
(c) In case of fire
(d) In case of burn injury

Ans. (c) In case of fire

Q8. What is the primary fire emergency telephone number is?

(a) 011
(b) 101
(c) 108
(d) 111

Ans. (c) 108

Q9. Which of the following contains everything you need to know about
evacuating your facility safely?
(a) Evacuation Diagram
(b) Emergency Action Plan
(c) Employee Directory
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans. (d) Both (a) and (b)

Q10. The best course of action to take during a medical emergency is to

____.
(a) Begin first aid immediately
(b) Activate the emergency plan for reporting injuries
(c) Notify the person’s family about the situation
(d) Both (a) and (b)

Ans. (d) Both (a) and (b)

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Emergency is a serious or crisis situation that needs__________attention

and _______________.
Ans. 1. Emergency is a serious or crisis situation that needs immediate
attention and action.

2. A ________________ sign will warn people to walk carefully on freshly

mopped floors.
Ans. 2. A Wet floor sign will warn people to walk carefully on freshly
mopped floors.

3. ____________ signs can prevent accidents on a staircase with a sharp

bent or warn against a loose floor tile.
Ans. 3. Watch your steps signs can prevent accidents on a staircase with a
sharp bent or warn against a loose floor tile.

4. The _________ should be responsible to handle evacuation process.

Ans. 4. The coordinator should be responsible to handle evacuation
process.

5. Workplace fires are commonly caused by improper storage of _________

material or ________ dust.
Ans. 5. Workplace fires are commonly caused by improper storage of
flammable material or combustible dust.

6. There should always be an _____ plan for scheduled electrical

maintenance or work.
Ans. 6. There should always be an emergency response plan for scheduled
electrical maintenance or work.

7. If the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat, give ___________ for

injuries and treat for shock.
Ans. 7. If the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat, give first aid for
injuries and treat for shock.

8. A fire extinguisher is a _____ containing an agent which can be

discharged to extinguish a fire.
Ans. 8. A fire extinguisher is a cylindrical pressure vessel containing an
agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False

1. The organisation’s policies and guidelines is the best guide to handle

emergency.
Ans. 1. The organisation’s policies and guidelines is the best guide to
handle emergency. True

2. If someone is injured, act as per your impulse or gut feeling.

Ans. 2. If someone is injured, act as per your impulse or gut feeling. False

3. Keep water and food items away from electrical equipment.

Ans. 3. Keep water and food items away from electrical equipment. True

4. Always switch off the electrical circuits.

Ans. 4. Always switch off the electrical circuits. False

5. Always wear protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes.

Ans. 5. Always wear protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes.
False

6. A fire extinguisher is a protection device used to extinguish fires.

Ans. 6. A fire extinguisher is a protection device used to extinguish fires.
True
7. Flammable materials can be placed around an door exit.
Ans. 7. Flammable materials can be placed around an door exit. False

8. You can determine possible evacuation routes from floor plan diagrams
posted in your facility.
Ans. 8. You can determine possible evacuation routes from floor plan
diagrams posted in your facility. True

D. Short answer questions

Q1. What is a workplace emergency?
Ans. A Workplace emergency refers to any unexpected situation that needs
immediate attention and action in workplace that may poses a risk to the
safety and security of employees.

Q2. How do you protect yourself, your employees, and your business?
Ans. The best way to protect yourself and your organisation is to develop a
well thought-out emergency action plan to guide the employees in the
event of an emergency.

Q3. What is an emergency action plan?

Ans. An Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is a written document that states
how to react in different types of emergencies. Action plans of
organisations should adhere to safety standards set by the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Q4. What should your emergency action plan include?

Ans. An emergency action plan (EAP) should include the following:
1. Evacuation plans: It should have at least two escape routes
from every area, and a designated meeting place for employees
to gather after evacuating.
2. Accounting for employees: Take a headcount after an
evacuation.
3. Reporting and alerting authorities.
4. Alerting staff and visitors about emergency

Q5. How do you develop an evacuation policy and procedures?

Ans. Steps to develop an evacuation policy and procedures are:
 1. Evaluate the emergency.
2. Identify place where people can go in an emergency.
3. Identify the best ways to get out of the building.
4. Rehearse evacuation procedures.
5. Regularly review and update the plan as needed.

Q6. How do you establish evacuation routes and exits?

Ans. To establish evacuation routes and exits, you should
1. Know the nearest exit from your location and the route to get
there.
2. Know the assembly point.
3. Know an alternate route in case your first route is blocked.
4. Know where to find first-aid supplies and fire extinguishers.

Q7. What are the various types of fire extinguisher and their extinguishing
material?
Ans. Various types of fire extinguishers are:
1. Water
2. Foam
3. Dry powder
4. CO2
5. Wet chemical

1. Water Fire Extinguishers are good for tackling fires involving burning
paper, wood and soft furnishing (Class A fires), as the water soaks into the
materials and cools them.
2. Foam fire extinguishers are suitable on Class A fires and fires involving
flammable liquids (Class B)
3. Dry powder fire extinguishers are incredibly versatile and can be used
for almost every kind of fire. (Class A, Class B and Class C)
4. CO2 fire extinguishers (also known as carbon dioxide fire extinguishers)
are mainly used for electrical fires.
5. Wet chemical fire extinguishers (also known as Class F fire
extinguishers) are the extinguisher that can safely be used for fires
involving cooking oil

Q8. What are the steps for operating a fire extinguisher in case of a fire
emergency.
Ans.
1. Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher, present in its
handle.
 2. Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle.
3. Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever.
4. Sweep it from side to side.

Q9. Compare the different type of fire extinguisher.

Ans. Different types of fire extinguishers are:
1. Water
2. Foam
3. Dry powder
4. CO2
5. Wet chemical

Q10. List the different class of fire.

Ans. There are several classes of fire, including
Class A : Fire that involve materials such as wood, cloth, and paper.
Class B : Fire that involve flammable liquid, grease, and gas materials that
burn when exposed to ignition sources.
Class C : Fire that involve electrical materials and equipment. These
materials cause fires very quickly and present a serious risk of arc flash.
Class D : Fire that involve any materials that are volatile and able to quickly
ignite, such as magnesium, potassium, and sodium.

Q11. List out electrical rescue techniques.

Ans. Electrical Rescue Techniques are:
Approaching the accident
1. Never rush into an accident situation.
2. Call 108 as soon as possible
Examining the scene
1. Visually examine victims to determine if they are in contact
with energised conductors.
2. Metal surfaces, objects near the victim itself may be energised.
 3. Do not touch the victim or conductive surfaces while they are
energised.
4. Switch off the electrical circuits if possible.
Hazards and solutions
1. In case you cannot switch off the power source, take extreme
care.
2. Ensure that your hands and feet are dry.
3. Wear protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes. Stand
on a clean dry surface.
4. Use non-conductive material to remove a victim from the
conductor.

Q12. What is the first aid for electrical emergencies?

Ans. If someone has been shocked by electricity, you should
1. Unplug the appliance or turn off the power. If you can’t turn off
the power, use a piece of wood, to separate the victim from the
power source.
2. Do not try to move a victim touching a high voltage wire.
3. Call for emergency help.
4. If the person is not breathing, and doesn’t have a pulse, begin
CPR.