ALAMPLES.

15 Find the Fourier transform of the following: Tutorial 8

ia) Gaussian signal ()=e

(b) Gaussian modulated signal x(0) me
obton:

(a) Given
The Fourier transform of the given signal is:
X(o) =He|= [e"em" dt = -a ja) dt =eai4a nlat jal2lot dt
Let p=tva+jo
2va
dp =vadt
-a'i4a
X(@) = va dp

e
-atl4a

va

F[e]=, or FT

(b) Given Gaussian modulated signal x() =ear cOs @!

+e -jQ,!
2

By using frequency shifting property [i.e. e x() 4FT"X(0

’ X(0+ a)l, we have

F(e ia)= F(ea

la=0-W

and F(e ea)= F[e

la=otw.
 -to-o,'14a + -(o+a, ' l4a
a

The graphical representation of Gaussian signal and its spectrum are

Figure 5. I6. The graphical representation of Gaussian modulated signal and its shown in
shown in Figure. 5.17. spectrum are
X(0)

(a) (b)
Figure 5.16 (a) Gaussian signal, (b) Its spectrum.

4X(0)
-at
cos 0,1

0 A

(a) (b)
Figure 5.17 (a) Gaussian modulated signal, (b) Its
spectrum.
EXAMPLE 5.16 Find the Fourier transform of the rectangular pulse shown in Figure 5.18.
4 x()

Figure 5.18 Signal for Example 5. 16.

Solution: From Figure 5. 18, we have

x() =
for 0 <t<T
elsewhere
 X(@) = F[x()] = x()e-jor dt

T ejat
=| Ae a dt= A|
-jo - jo
l-ejoT -p jo(TI2)
=A
=AejTI2) eloT)
jo ja

2A joKTI2) -e -jTI2) 2A oT
-jaTI2) = o-joT2) sin
2j 2

=ATe jaTI2) sin (oTI2)

(oTI2)

X(@) = ATe-jo(TI2) sinc wT

2

5.19.
The amplitude spectra of the function is shown in Figure
X()
AT

217 6
87 47
T T
T T
47 8z
0
61 T
T

5.19 Amplitude spectrum of signal in Figure 5.18.

Figure
eal| sgn ().
signal x() =
EXAMPLE 5.17 Find the Fourier transform of the
Solution: Given signal is:
x(t) = ea sgn(t)
e l - ) = -e for t<0
i.e. x() =e sgn(t) = ea()=e ,-al for t > 0
 F(x()]=X@) = (x()e-jadt
0 -at-jom dt
0

--[e
,{a-jo)r -{a+jor
e e
ta-jo) <a+ jw)
1 -a- j@+a-j
1
e = +
a- jo a+ jo
{a- jo) <a+j@)|
-2j»
X(0) =

of the signal
EXAMPLE5.18 Compute the Fourier transform
1+ cos Tt ||<1
|r|>1

Solution: Given x(t) =1+t cos tt ||<1

X(o) = [ x(0)et dt

-j (1+ cosi) e
-1
dt

dt
-1
2

dt
-1 -1
2 sin o sin(7 - w) sin(7 + 0)
(7- 0) (7+ 0)
=2 sinc(0) + sinc(7- 0)- sinc(z + w)
EXAMPLE5.21 Find the Fourier transform of the signal x(t) shown in Figure 5.22 using
timedifferentiation property.
4x(1)
1

-t/2 () t/2

Figure 5.22 Signal for Example 5.21.

Solution: The given signal is a rectangular pulse function M(/). The plot of dxtt)ldt is
$.23.
shown in Figure
4dx(tldt
8lt + (t2))

-T/2 /2

-8[t - (t/2)]
Figure 5.23 Plot of dr()ldt.

From Figure 5.23, we have

dz(t)
dt -a"-4-3)
Also

-3-4*3-4-)
dx(t)
dt

Taking Fourier transform using time differentiation property i.e. T

get
dt HjoXa). , we

joX(@) =eja)_ejar/2)
elti2)_ejatl2) 2 sin Tl2) sin o(t/2)
X(0) = =tsinc
jo ot/2) 2

’Tsinco
2
 transform of the signal x() shown in
EXAMPLE 5.22 Find the Fourier Figure 5.24
the time differentiation property.
) using

Figure 5.24 Signal for Example 5.22.

Solution: The given signal is nothing but a triangular pulse A(t/t). The plots of dxltydt and
d'xtVdr are shown in Figure 5.25[(a) and (b)].
4d) di?
dt
2

t-)
0 0
2 2
2

(a) (b)
Figure 5.25 Plots of (a) dx(t)Ndt, and (b) d'x()ydt'.
From Figure 5.25(b), we have

di?
Also

dxlt) 2 d
dt 2

and d'x) d [dte)

de'? di dt
TakingFourier transform on both sides using time differentiation property, we get
4 2
(jo' X(0) =: jo t/2) jox t/2)

22-(eox tl2) 4te jont12))]

X(0) =

=
|1-cos O(tI2) 8 sin' ox tl4)|

sin ox r/4) Sinc?

tl4) 4

KAMPLE S.23 Find the Fourier transform of the signal x() shown in Figure 5.26 using
differentiation property of Fourier transforms.
4x()
1

-2
0 2 1

t-1
Figure 5.26 Waveform for Example 5.23.
Solution: The first and second derivatives of the signal x() are shown in Figure 5.27[(a)
and (b)].
4drt)
dt
1 dt
24
41
-2 2 -2
-1 0 t

-1
-2

(a) (b)
Figure 5.27 Plots of (a) dxt))d1 and (b) d'x(oyde of the signal x) of Example 5.23.
From Figure 5.27(b), we find that
d'x) =-8t + 2) + 26( + 1) - 25(t - 1) +Ñ(t-2)
di
Also x()=-r(t+ 2) +t 2r(1 + l) - 2r(t-1) + r(t- 2)
dx()_ d-rt+ 2)+ 2r(t + 1) 2r(t -1) +r(t - 2)]
dt dt
=-u(t+ 2) + 2u (t + 1)- 2u(t - 1)+ u(t -2)

and
d'x)d d(1) =-u +2) + 2u(t+1) -2u(tt--1I) +utt - 2)]
di? dt dt
=-t + 2) +28t + 1)- 25(t-1) + ot 2)

Taking Fourier transform on both sides using differentiation property of Fourier transform we
have

(jo)'x(0) =-e20 +2ejo-2e-jo +e20

2(eja-ej@y -(e20-ej2ay
X(0) =

ejo-ejo
2 -4 2

1
=j(2 sin 20 -4sin o)
EXAMPLE 5.56 Find the Hilbert transform of the signal x(t)=e0
Solution: Given x() = e ' = cos Wt + j sin Wgt
R() = cos at + jsin 0yt = 4(t) + j,(t)
Now F[x ()]= F(cos a,) = X, (@) = T|B(0- ) + o(o+ o,))
Hence X, (0) =-jsgn(o) r{8 0- a,) +o(w+ o,))
.. If a >0, X, (0) =-jn | 8(0- a,) (w+ a,))
.. If ah > 0, &,()= sin @!
But if h>0,
= jn[ö(o- a)- @+ a,))
ie. If a <0, i,(t) =-sin @!
Now F[x,()] =F(sin @)= X,(0) =-jn[8l0- 0)-w+ a))
Hence X,(0) =-jsgn(@) (-jn[8@- @,)- ö(w+ a)]
=-1[80- a,)- @+ @,)lsgn(o)
.:. If a >0, Xz(0) =-z[ö 0-a)+ S(@+ a,))
.:. If a > 0, i()=-cos @
But if oh < 0, },(0) = n[a0-a) +Sl0+ ,)]
i.e. If oh <0 i,(t) =cos Wt
Hence if h>0 el =sin @t-jcos @i
-j[cos @!+ jsin aht]=-jel
But if ha <0 ea =-sin aht t jcos at = jlcos aht +j sin aht] = je"

We may write =-jsgn(o) ej