ROL Compilation

Review of Literature
1.Abel etal. (1984) argued that the cognitive distortions of sexual

offenders stem from underlying implicit theories about their victims.
These theories, similar to scientific theories, are used to interpret others'
behavior and predict future events. They are coherent belief systems
composed of interconnected ideas and concepts. Drawing on
psychological research about implicit theories, they explored how this
perspective can improve understanding of cognitive distortions in sexual
offenders. It also addresses the implications for research and clinical
practices, suggesting that treating cognitive distortions as implicit
theories could influence therapeutic approaches and interventions.
2.Bailey (2023) investigated changes in cognitive and affective symptoms

over the course of CBT in a naturalistic outpatient setting. By using a
robust sample size and advanced statistical modeling, this research
provides valuable insights into how changes in cognitive distortions and
affective symptoms interact during therapy. Understanding this reciprocal
relationship has important clinical implications, as it may guide more
targeted and effective interventions that simultaneously address both
symptom domains, ultimately enhancing the therapeutic process and
outcomes for individuals with depression.
3.Beck (2008) explored the evolution of the cognitive model of depression,

integrating findings from behavioral genetics, cognitive neuroscience, and
clinical observations. The article discusses how cognitive distortions,
dysfunctional beliefs, and information-processing biases contribute to
depression. It also examines the interaction of genetic, neurochemical,
and cognitive factors in the development of depression, highlighting the
importance of early psychological interventions.
4.Buga and Kaya (2022) did a study on The Role of Cognitive Distortions
related Academic Achievement in Predicting the Depression, Stress and
Anxiety Levels of Adolescents. It was seen that depression, anxiety and
stress scores differed significantly in terms of gender, class level and
receiving out-of-school academic support. Finally, it was observed that
cognitive distortions related to academic achievement are a statistically
significant predictor of depression, anxiety and stress.
5.Ciccarelli etal. (2021) examined the factors contributing to adolescent
gambling. It was found that, in addition to gender, gambling-related
cognitive distortions, uncertainty about mental states, and difficulties
controlling emotions significantly predicted problematic gambling. These
findings suggest that interventions targeting these factors could be
effective in preventing and treating adolescent gambling.
6.Duman (2018) examined cognitive distortion levels in working adults,

relating to socio-demographic variables. 32 participants (18 females, 14
males) completed the Cognitive Distortion Scale-R (CDS-R) and a Personal
Information Form. Working individuals showed a "high" level of cognitive
distortion (mean score: 7.94). Significant difference found between
cognitive distortion levels and education level. Highest cognitive distortion
scores among low-educated (elementary degree) individuals. Lowest
cognitive distortion scores among high-educated (associate/bachelor
degree) individuals.
7.Gannon etal. (2006) examined theory, research, and clinical practice

relating to child molesters' cognitive distortions. First they reviewed
development of cognitive distortion theory and examined its
epistemological usefulness. They critically evaluate available research
evidence for current conceptualizations of cognitive distortions. This
evaluation of the latest research suggested that clinical practice with child
molesters has run ahead of scientific knowledge. They conclude that there
is confusion about the exact nature of cognitive distortions, about the role
that they play in sexual offending, and about what constitutes evidence of
their existence. Although it seems likely that distorted cognition plays a
role in some child molesters' offenses, their concern is that from a
scientific standpoint. The majority of the research conducted cannot be
used either to support or refute this view.
8.Gupta and Ojha (2023) studied that there are various factors
contributing to the life of adolescents. Cognitive distortion was analyzed
with reference to impulsivity in the present study to know the role of
cognitive distortion on impulsivity among adolescents. A sample of 300
students of higher secondary school were taken for the study. Cognitive
Distortion Scale and Impulsivity Scale was administered to collect the
data. Findings show that there is no significant impact of cognitive
distortion on impulsivity among students. In another finding, no significant
relationship was found between family environment and academic
performance. So, it can be said that family environment can have
significant relationships with mental health but not with academic
performance. On the other hand, cognitive distortion and impulsivity are
both prone to develop mental health issues.
9.Jha etal. (2022) explored the relationship between select cognitive

distortions and stress in a college setting. They used partly modified
scales of cognitive distortions (Roberts, M. B) and emotional stress
(Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)) have been used for the survey.
Results indicate that there is a moderate correlation between the
cognitive distortions and emotional stress. Stress has been recognized as
an important factor affecting health, productivity, interpersonal relations,
and accidents. Mitigation of stress, therefore, has been a considerable
research area across the world. There are several factors that lead to
stress and a major one being the cognitive distortions. The cognitive
model explains that we as individuals are presented with negative,
positive, and neutral events, which are interpreted with a chain of
thoughts, resulting in distinct feelings and moods.
10.Kendall etal (1985) carried out three studies to investigate cognitive

disturbance and depression in children. Study 1 involved 47 sixth-graders,
including 17 diagnosed with depression, who were assessed using various
inventories and tests. Depression was linked to negative self-evaluative
processing, not cognitive deficits. Study 2 replicated these findings with a
broader age range of children (3rd to 6th grade) and found similar results.
Study 3 examined whether depressed children’s negative self-perceptions
were accurate or distorted, confirming that their self-assessments were
negatively distorted. The findings have implications for understanding and
treating depression in children.
11.LeMoult and Gotlib (2019) did a comprehensive review to explore the

cognitive model of depression, highlighting how negative biases in self-
referential processing, interpretation, attention, and memory contribute to
the onset and maintenance of depression. The study discussed the role of
maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, such as rumination,
and their impact on depressive symptoms. It also examined the
importance of cognitive control over mood-congruent material and its
implications for treatment.
12.Mercan etal (2021) carried out a study to explore the relationship
between cognitive distortions and emotional expression, anxiety, and
depression. Data was collected from 200 first and second-year university
students using face-to-face questionnaires. The results indicate that
higher scores on cognitive distortions scales correlate with increased
levels of anxiety and depression. The study highlights the importance of
addressing cognitive distortions in psychological interventions to improve
mental health outcomes.
13.Muhammet etal (2021) did a study to find out how loneliness and
cognitive distortions have serious negative effects on life satisfaction and
are seen as related to each other. However, what mediates in these
relationships has not been adequately analyzed. This study aimed to
analyze the effect between cognitive distortions and life satisfaction by
asserting the mediating role of loneliness.
14.Rnic etal. (2016) carried out a study and found that cognitive
distortions reduce the use of adaptive humor styles, such as Affiliative and
Self-Enhancing, and increase maladaptive humor styles, such as
Aggressive and Self-Defeating. This suggests that distorted negative
thinking can hinder individuals' ability to regulate emotions and cope with
stress, leading to elevated depressive symptoms. Self-Defeating humor
may also be used as a coping strategy.
15.Stoeber and Rambow (2013) conducted a study to examine how self-

blame mediates the relationship between defense mechanisms and
depression. They found that individuals using maladaptive defense
mechanisms tend to engage in self-blame, which significantly exacerbates
depressive symptoms. The study concluded that self-blame is a critical
factor in understanding how defense mechanisms impact mental health.
Their findings suggest that addressing self-blame in therapeutic
interventions could lead to improved outcomes for individuals suffering
from depression.

ROL Compilation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ROL Compilation

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ROL Compilation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Review of Literature

1.Abel etal. (1984) argued that the cognitive distortions of sexual

2.Bailey (2023) investigated changes in cognitive and affective symptoms

3.Beck (2008) explored the evolution of the cognitive model of depression,

6.Duman (2018) examined cognitive distortion levels in working adults,

7.Gannon etal. (2006) examined theory, research, and clinical practice

9.Jha etal. (2022) explored the relationship between select cognitive

10.Kendall etal (1985) carried out three studies to investigate cognitive

11.LeMoult and Gotlib (2019) did a comprehensive review to explore the

15.Stoeber and Rambow (2013) conducted a study to examine how self-

You might also like