WACHEMO UNIVERSITY

COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
COURSE TITLE: REAL-TIME AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM
GROUP ASSIGNMENT

NAME ID
1. ABIGIA TAREKEGN------------------------------1305510
2. AMANUEL FENTAHUN--------------------------1303883
3. HABTAMU FANTAHUN--------------------------1203245
4. MEBRATU DEJENE--------------------------------1402430
5. YEKIBER KETEMA--------------------------------1307434
6. YORDANOS MENGISTU--------------------------1307550
7. AMANUEL DESALEGN---------------------------1308166
8. MANUHE WOLDE----------------------------------1305803
9. SAMUEL TEREFE----------------------------------1402427
10. GUTU TAMIRU------------------------------------1305943

Submitted to: - Mr.Messay

Aschalew.

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 Submission Date: - 10/07/2016 E.C

Table of Contents
1. Introduction....................................................................................................................4

2. Statement of the problem...............................................................................................5

3. Objective of the project..................................................................................................5

3.1. General Objective...................................................................................................5

3.2. Specific objectives...................................................................................................6

4. Significance of the project..............................................................................................6

5. Scope of the project.........................................................................................................8

6. Requirement Specification of the project..........................................................................8

6.1 Hardware Components................................................................................................8

6.2 Software Requirements................................................................................................9

6.3 System functionality.....................................................................................................9

6.4 Performance Requirements.......................................................................................10

7. Design of the project.....................................................................................................10

7.1. Circuit view................................................................................................................10

7.2. Semantic view (PCB).................................................................................................11

7.3. System Use Case.........................................................................................................12

7.4. Activity diagram........................................................................................................13

8. Development and Test......................................................................................................14

8.1 Development....................................................................................................................14

8.1.1 Hardware Assembly....................................................................................................14

8.1.2 Software Development.........................................................................................14

8.1.3 Integration............................................................................................................14

8.1.4 System Testing......................................................................................................15

8.2 Test...............................................................................................................................15

8.2.1 Soil Moisture Sensing Test..................................................................................15

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 8.2.2 Irrigation Control Test........................................................................................15

8.2.3 Water Presence Check Test.................................................................................15

8.2.4 Environmental Temperature Check Test...........................................................16

8.2.5 Real-Time Access Test.........................................................................................16

8.2.6 Performance Test.................................................................................................16

9. Deployment.......................................................................................................................17

9.1. Pilot Implementation:................................................................................................17

9.2. Installation and Configuration:................................................................................17

9.3. Training and Capacity Building:..............................................................................17

10. Maintenance..................................................................................................................17

11.1. Technical Support and Troubleshooting:..............................................................17

11.2. Regular Monitoring and Maintenance:..................................................................18

11.3. Sustainability and Capacity Building:....................................................................18

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 1. Introduction

Agriculture is undoubtedly the largest source of people’s livelihood suppliers in Ethiopia. In

view of the increasing population, there is a need increase agricultural production. In order to
support greater production in farms, the requirement of the amount of fresh water used in
irrigation also rises. Currently, 85% of Ethiopian’s Population basis their life on agriculture. As
we know the for this agricultural purpose water is an essential thing, that will help the plant or
crop to grow properly and give the expected result. In the Internet era, where information plays a
key role in people's lives, agriculture is rapidly becoming a very data intensive industry where
farmers need to collect and evaluate a huge amount of information from a diverse number of
devices (e.g., sensors, faming machinery etc.) in order to become more efficient in production
and communicating appropriate information, but in traditional way, watering is held by the
farmer itself. This is the most tedious part of farming. With the advent of open-source Arduino
boards along with cheap moisture sensors, it is feasible to create devices that can monitor the soil
moisture content and accordingly irrigating the fields, or the farm as needed. The proposed
system makes use of microcontroller on Arduino uno platform and GSM which enable farmers to
know the status of the farm when he wants and to be informed when the plant gets irrigated
thereby, making the farmers' work much easier as they can concentrate on other farm activities.
Another thing about this project is that it mainly focused on the wheat production. In Ethiopia
currently the wheat production is our government issue basically, he wants to export much wheat
product to global market. Based on this issue we try to develop smart irrigation system for wheat
production. The optimal range of soil moisture content for crops depends on the specific plant
species, but the range for most crops is between 20% and 60%. Based on this the system should
irrigate the wheat crop if it is grater than 60% and stop irrigating if its less than 20%. (Cherlinka,
2022)

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 2. Statement of the problem

Despite agriculture being the cornerstone of livelihoods for the majority of the Ethiopian
population, traditional farming practices face significant challenges in meeting the growing
demand for food production. One of the primary hurdles is the inefficiency and labor-intensive
nature of manual irrigation methods. Farmers often struggle to accurately assess soil moisture
levels and provide timely watering, leading to suboptimal crop growth and yield. Moreover, with
the increasing population and limited water resources, there is a pressing need to enhance water
management practices in agriculture.

In this project, we seek to alleviate the burden of manual irrigation, which has long been a labor-
intensive and time-consuming aspect of agriculture. By automating the irrigation process and
enabling remote monitoring and control, our smart irrigation systems allow farmers to focus on
other important tasks while maximizing agricultural yields.

Ultimately, we aim to contribute to the modernization and sustainable development of Ethiopian

agriculture by leveraging the power of technology to address pressing challenges and improve
the livelihoods of farming communities.

3. Objective of the project

3.1. General Objective

To develop and implement a smart irrigation system utilizing Arduino technology for wheat
production, aimed at optimizing water usage, enhancing crop yield, and reducing manual labor in
agricultural practices.

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 3.2. Specific objectives

 To design and implement reliable soil moisture sensing mechanism using Arduino
uno platform and moisture sensor to accurately measure soil moisture level in wheat
field.
 To establish a threshold-based irrigation system that autonomously activates
irrigation when soil moisture levels fall below the minimum threshold required for
optimal wheat growth and deactivates irrigation when moisture levels exceed the
maximum threshold to prevent overwatering.
 To integrate GSM communication modules into the system for remote monitoring
and control, allowing farmers to access real-time information about soil moisture
levels and irrigation status via mobile phones or other devices.
 To check the presence of the water in the water container and the temperature level of
the environment before irrigating the field.
 To provide training and capacity-building workshops for farmers on the operation,
maintenance, and troubleshooting of the smart irrigation system, ensuring successful
adoption and sustainable use of the technology in Ethiopian agricultural practices.
By achieving these objectives, the project aims to revolutionize wheat production in Ethiopia by
modernizing irrigation practices, increasing crop yields, and improving the livelihoods of
smallholder farmers.

4. Significance of the project

The significance of the project lies in its potential to address several critical challenges facing
Ethiopian agriculture and contribute to the sustainable development of the sector.

 Enhanced Agricultural Productivity: By automating the irrigation process and

ensuring optimal soil moisture levels for wheat cultivation, the smart irrigation system

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 can significantly improve agricultural productivity and yield outcomes. This increased
productivity can help meet the growing demand for food and contribute to food security
in Ethiopia.
 Water Conservation: Efficient water management is essential, particularly in regions
facing water scarcity. The project's implementation of threshold-based irrigation helps
conserve water resources by delivering water only when necessary, based on actual soil
moisture conditions. This approach minimizes water wastage and promotes sustainable
water use in agriculture.
 Labor Savings: Traditional manual irrigation methods are labor-intensive and time-
consuming, often diverting farmers' attention from other essential farm tasks. By
automating irrigation and enabling remote monitoring and control, the smart irrigation
system reduces the labor burden on farmers, allowing them to allocate time and resources
more efficiently across various farm activities.
 Technology Adoption: The project promotes the adoption of modern technology in
agriculture, bridging the gap between traditional farming practices and innovative
solutions. By introducing farmers to Arduino-based technology and GSM
communication, the project facilitates technological literacy and empowers farmers to
leverage advanced tools for improved agricultural management.
 Economic Empowerment: By optimizing wheat production and increasing crop yields,
the project contributes to the economic empowerment of farming communities in
Ethiopia. Higher yields translate into increased incomes for farmers, improving their
livelihoods and socioeconomic well-being. Moreover, the potential for surplus wheat
production can create opportunities for market participation and income diversification.
 Government Priorities: Given the Ethiopian government's focus on promoting
agricultural development and increasing wheat production for both domestic
consumption and export markets, the project aligns with national priorities and strategic
objectives. By supporting the government's agricultural initiatives, the project contributes
to broader efforts aimed at fostering economic growth and poverty reduction in the
country.

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 5. Scope of the project

 Geographical Scope: The project will initially focus on wheat-producing regions in

Ethiopia where traditional irrigation practices are prevalent and where there is potential
for improving agricultural productivity through the adoption of smart irrigation systems.
The scope may expand to other crops and regions in subsequent phases based on the
success and scalability of the initial implementation.
 Technical Scope: The project will involve the design, development, and implementation
of a smart irrigation system utilizing Arduino-based technology and GSM
communication. This includes the integration of soil moisture sensors, microcontrollers,
water pumper, water sensor, temperature sensor, real clock and GSM modules to
automate irrigation processes and enable remote monitoring and control.
 Functional Scope: The smart irrigation system will autonomously monitor soil moisture
levels in wheat fields and activate irrigation when moisture levels fall below the
minimum threshold required for optimal crop growth. It will deactivate irrigation when
moisture levels exceed the maximum threshold to prevent overwatering. The system will
also provide real-time status updates and alerts to farmers via mobile phones or other
devices.
 Training and Capacity Building: The project will include capacity-building activities
such as training workshops and technical support for farmers to ensure successful
adoption and sustainable use of the smart irrigation system.

6. Requirement Specification of the project

6.1 Hardware Components

 Arduino uno R3
 Bred board.
 Soil moisture Sensor
 Water pumper

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  GSM Module
 Water Sensor
 RGB led
 LM35 temperature sensor
 One channel relay module
 Real Time Clock
 Jumper wire
 Power Supply (12V Wi-Fi Router charger for water pumper)

6.2 Software Requirements

 Arduino IDE for microcontroller firmware development.

 Tinkercad for circuit design.
 Visual Paradigm for design activity and use case diagrams.

6.3 System functionality

 Soil Moisture Sensing: accurately measure and monitor soil moisture level
in wheat fields.
 Irrigation Control: activate and deactivate irrigation based on soil moisture
level.
 Check Water Presence: allow the system to check whether water is present
or not in the water container to irrigate the fields.
 Check Environmental Temperature: Before irrigating the field the system
checks temperature of the environment.

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  Real Time Access: enable the farmer to access real time status of soil
moisture level, environmental temperature, and presence of water in the
container using GSM communication module.

6.4 Performance Requirements

 Reliability: The system should operate reliably under varying environmental

conditions including temperature, and soil types.
 Accuracy: Soil moisture sensors should provide accurate measurements within an
acceptable margin of error.
 Responsiveness: Irrigation activation and deactivation should occur promptly
upon reaching threshold moisture levels.

7. Design of the project

7.1. Circuit view

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7.2. Semantic view (PCB)

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 7.3. System Use Case
––––

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7.4. Activity diagram

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8. Development and Test

8.1 Development

8.1.1 Hardware Assembly

 Gather all hardware components listed in the requirements.
 Connect Arduino Uno to the breadboard.
 Connect the soil moisture sensor, water pump, GSM module, water sensor, LM35
temperature sensor, relay module, and real-time clock to the breadboard according
to the circuit design.
 Ensure all connections are secure and follow the schematic diagram accurately.

8.1.2 Software Development

 Install Arduino IDE for microcontroller firmware development.
 Write firmware code to:
 Read soil moisture level from the soil moisture sensor.
 Control the water pump based on soil moisture thresholds. If it is less than 600
 Interface with the GSM module for remote monitoring and control.
 Check water presence in the water container.
 Check environmental temperature using the LM35 temperature sensor.
 Implement real-time clock functionality.
 Test the firmware code on Arduino Uno to ensure proper functionality.

8.1.3 Integration

 Integrate the hardware components and upload the firmware code to Arduino Uno.
 Test the integrated system to ensure proper communication between hardware
components and correct functioning of the irrigation system.

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8.1.4 System Testing

 Conduct unit tests for individual components (e.g., soil moisture sensor, water pump,
GSM module) to verify their functionality.
 Perform integration tests to ensure all components work together seamlessly.
 Test the system under various conditions such as different soil moisture levels,
temperature ranges, and water presence scenarios.
 Verify that the system accurately measures soil moisture, activates/deactivates
irrigation as expected, and communicates effectively through GSM.

8.2 Test
8.2.1 Soil Moisture Sensing Test

 Place the soil moisture sensor in different areas of the wheat field with varying
moisture levels.
 Ensure that the sensor accurately measures and displays soil moisture levels.
 Verify that the readings correspond to the expected moisture conditions of the soil.

8.2.2 Irrigation Control Test

 Set different thresholds for soil moisture levels.

 Observe the system's response to changing soil moisture conditions.
 Confirm that irrigation is activated when soil moisture falls below the minimum
threshold and deactivated when it exceeds the maximum threshold.

8.2.3 Water Presence Check Test

 Simulate scenarios where the water container is empty or full.

 Ensure the system detects the presence or absence of water accurately.

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  Verify that irrigation is only initiated when water is available in the container.

8.2.4 Environmental Temperature Check Test

 Place the LM35 temperature sensor in various environments with different

temperatures.
 Validate that the system accurately measures and displays the temperature.
 Ensure the system considers temperature conditions before initiating irrigation.

8.2.5 Real-Time Access Test

 Use the GSM module to remotely monitor the system.

 Verify that real-time status updates, including soil moisture levels, temperature, and
water presence, are accessible via mobile phone or other devices.
 Confirm the system's ability to send alerts or notifications to the farmer when
necessary.

8.2.6 Performance Test

 Test the system's reliability under different environmental conditions, including

temperature variations and soil types.
 Evaluate the accuracy of soil moisture sensor readings within an acceptable margin of
error.
 Measure the responsiveness of irrigation activation and deactivation upon reaching
threshold moisture levels.

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9. Deployment

9.1. Pilot Implementation:

 Begin with a small-scale pilot implementation in selected wheat-producing
regions to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the smart irrigation system
in real-world conditions.
 Identify pilot sites in collaboration with local agricultural authorities and farmer
cooperatives.

9.2. Installation and Configuration:

 Deploy the smart irrigation system in pilot sites following a systematic
installation process.
 Install soil moisture sensors at appropriate depths in wheat fields, connect pumps
to water source, and set up GSM communication modules for remote monitoring
and control.
 Insert the water sensor into the water source.
 Configure other hardware components based on the circuit view and give 12
voltages for the water pumper (e.g. Use the Wi-Fi router charger).

9.3. Training and Capacity Building:

 Conduct training workshops for farmers and agricultural extension workers on the
operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of the smart irrigation system.
 Provide hands-on training sessions covering system components, data
interpretation, and usage of the remote monitoring interface.

10. Maintenance

11.1. Technical Support and Troubleshooting:

 Provide ongoing technical support and troubleshooting assistance to farmers and
stakeholders.

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  Establish a helpdesk or support hotline for inquiries and assistance with system
operation or maintenance issues. Train local technicians or service providers to
provide on-site support and repairs as needed.

11.2. Regular Monitoring and Maintenance:

 Establish a schedule for routine monitoring and maintenance of the smart
irrigation system to ensure optimal performance and reliability.
 Conduct regular inspections of soil moisture sensors, irrigation equipment, any
other sensor and communication modules to detect any issues or malfunctions.

11.3. Sustainability and Capacity Building:

 Promote sustainability by building local capacity for system maintenance and
operation. Offer training programs or workshops on advanced topics such as
system optimization, water management strategies, and precision agriculture
techniques. Empower local technicians and farmers to become advocates and
champions for sustainable agricultural practices.

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