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Unit - Ii (Array) ........

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22 views8 pages

Unit - Ii (Array) ........

Uploaded by

theraja1311
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT – II

ARRAY
 An array is a special variable that can hold many values under a single name, and you
can access the values by referring to an index number or name.

ANATOMY OF AN ARRAY :
 In PHP, an array is a fundamental data structure that allows you to store multiple values in a
single variable.
 Arrays can be indexed or associative, and their structure and handling are key to working
efficiently with data in PHP.
 Here's a breakdown of the anatomy of an array in PHP.

 Types of array
 Modifying array element
 Processing arrays with loops

Types of array :
In PHP, there are three types of arrays:

 Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index


 Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys
 Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more arrays

Indexed Arrays :

 In indexed arrays each item has an index number. By default, the first item has
index 0, the second item has item 1, etc.

Syntax :

array(value1, value2, value3, etc)

Example 1: Create and display an indexed array

<html>

<body>

<pre>

<?php

$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");


var_dump($cars);

echo “Car Name Is :” .$cars ;

?>

</pre>

</body>

</html>

Output :

array(3) {
[0]=>
string(5) "Volvo"
[1]=>
string(3) "BMW"
[2]=>
string(6) "Toyota"
}

Car Name Is : Volvo, BMW, Toyota

Example 2 : To access an array item you can refer to the index number.

<html>

<body>

<?php

$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");

echo $cars[0];

?>

</body>

</html>

Output :

Volvo
Associative arrays :

 Associative arrays are arrays that use named keys that you assign to them.
 To access an array item you can refer to the key name.

Syntax :

array(key => value,key2 => value2,key3 => value3,...)

Example :

<html>

<body>

<pre>

<?php
$car = array("brand"=>"Ford", "model"=>"Mustang", "year"=>1964);
var_dump($car);
echo $car[brand] . "<br>";
echo $car[model]. "<br>";
echo $car[year]. "<br>";
?>
</pre>
</body>
</html>

Output :

array(3) {
["brand"]=>
string(4) "Ford"
["model"]=>
string(7) "Mustang"
["year"]=>
int(1964)
}
Ford
Mustang
1964

MODIFYING ARRAY ELEMENT :

 To update an existing array item, you can refer to the index number for indexed
arrays, and the key name for associative arrays.

Example 1 : Index Number


<html>
<body>
<pre>
<?php
$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
echo $cars[0]."<br>";
echo $cars[1]."<br>";
echo $cars[2]."<br>";
$cars[1] = "Ford";
echo "After Modify: <br>";
echo $cars[0]."<br>";
echo $cars[1]."<br>";
echo $cars[2]."<br>";
?>
</pre>
</body>
</html>

Output :

Volvo
BMW
Toyota
After Modify:
Volvo
Ford
Toyota

Example 2 : Key Name

<html>

<body>

<pre>

<?php

$cars = array("brand" => "Ford", "model" => "Mustang", "year" => 1964);

echo $cars[brand]."<br>";

echo $cars[model]."<br>";

echo $cars[year]."<br><br>";

$cars["color"] = "Red"; //ADD ARRAY


$cars["year"] = 2024; //UPDATE ARRAY

unset($cars["model"]); //REMOVE ARRAY

echo "After Modify: <br><br>";

echo $cars[brand]."<br>";

echo $cars[model]."<br>";

echo $cars[year]."<br>";

echo $cars[color]."<br>";

?>

</pre>

</body>

</html>

Output :

Ford
Mustang
1964

After Modify:

Ford

2024
Red

PROCESSING ARRAYS WITH LOOPS :

 Arrays are fundamental data structures in PHP, and the ability to iterate through them
is crucial for manipulating and processing data.
 Here , we see various approaches to iterate through arrays in PHP.

 Using For Loop


 Using Foreach Loop
 Using While Loop
Using For Loop :

 The PHP for loop is a basic way to iterate through an array. It is useful
when you need to access array elements by their index.

Syntax :

for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)

Example :

<?php

$arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

$length = count($arr);

for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {

echo $arr[$i] . ' ' ;


}

?>

OUTPUT :

12345

Using Foreach Loop :

 The PHP foreach loop is an method to iterate through an array. There is no


need of index number in foreach loop.

Syntax :

foreach ($array as $value)

 If you need both the key and value during iteration, you can use this syntax:

foreach ($array as $key => $value)

Example 1: Iterating over an array of values

<?php
$arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
foreach ($arr as $val) {
echo $val . ' ';
}
?>
Output :

1 2 3 4 5

Example 2 : Iterating over an associative array

<?php

$person = [

"name" => "John",

"age" => 30,

"city" => "New York"

];

foreach ($person as $key => $value) {

echo $key . ": " . $value . "\n";

?>

Output :

name: John

age: 30

city: New York

Using While Loop :

 The PHP each() function can be used in combination with a while loop to
iterate through an array while maintaining the internal pointer.

Syntax :

while ($element = each($person))

Example :

<?php

$person = [
"name" => "John",

"age" => 30,

"city" => "New York"

];

reset($person);

while ($element = each($person)) {

echo $element['key'] . ": " . $element['value'] . "\n";

?>

Output :

name: John
age: 30
city: New York

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