Scribd
Upload
21 views3 pages

Differential Equation Techniques

Uploaded by

Alphram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views3 pages

Differential Equation Techniques

Uploaded by

Alphram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Differential Equation Techniques:

𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑑 (tan−1 ) =
𝑥 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
Take note for A & B:
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝑑 (tan−1 ) =
𝑦 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
A. Exact Equations:
𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥
∂M ∂N 𝑑 (ln ) =
= 𝑥 𝑥𝑦
∂y ∂x
𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦
Then use: 𝑑 (ln ) =
𝑦 𝑥𝑦
∫ 𝑀(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑑(𝑥 𝑝 𝑦 𝑞 ) = 𝑥 𝑝−1 𝑦 𝑞−1 (𝑝𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑞𝑥𝑑𝑦)
Or D. Linear Equations
∫ 𝑁(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 𝐶1 Take note:
B. Non-Exact Equations: 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑦 ∗ 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑄(𝑥)
∂M ∂N 𝑑𝑥
≠
∂y ∂x Then solve for integrating factor:

Then use: 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥


1 ∂M ∂N Then use:
( − ) = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑁 ∂y ∂x
1 ∂M ∂N 𝑢(𝑥) ∗ 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑢(𝑥) ∗ 𝑄(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
( − ) = 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑀 ∂y ∂x
E. Bernoulli’s Equation
Then solve for integrating factor:
Take note:
𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑦 ∗ 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑦 𝑛 ∗ 𝑄(𝑥)
𝑔(𝑦) ; 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 − ∫ 𝑔(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

C. Integrable Combination Then multiply:

𝑑(𝑥𝑦) = 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥 (−𝑛 + 1)𝑦 −𝑛

𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 Then substitute:


𝑑( ) =
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦
𝑧 = 𝑦 −𝑛+1 ; = (−𝑛 + 1)𝑦 −𝑛
𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑( ) =
𝑦 𝑦2 Then solve like a linear equation.
F. Linear Models:

All are subject to solve for an equation:

1. Growth and Decay:


𝑑𝑥
= 𝑘𝑥 ; 𝑥(𝑡0 ) = 𝑥0
𝑑𝑡
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡

Growth (𝑘 > 0), Decay (𝑘 < 0)

2. Newton’s Law of Cooling


𝑑𝑇
= 𝑘(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑚 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑇(𝑡) = 𝑇𝑚 + (𝑇0 − 𝑇𝑚 )𝑒 𝑘𝑡

3. Mixtures
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑅𝑖𝑛 − 𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑑𝑡
Case 1: 𝑅𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡

Case 2: 𝑅𝑖𝑛 ≠ 𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡

4. Series Circuit

Case 1: LR-Series Circuit


𝑑𝑖
𝐿 + 𝑅𝑖 = 𝐸(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
Case 2: RC-Series Circuit
𝑑𝑞 1
𝑅 + 𝑞=𝐸
𝑑𝑡 𝐶
5. Newton’s Second Law of Motion

∑ 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎

6. Orthogonal Trajectories

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑐) = 0 ; 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒: 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑘) = 0 ; 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒: 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0


G. Higher Order DEs

Take note:

𝑑𝑘 𝑦
𝐷𝑦𝑘 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑘
Cases:

1. Distinct Real Roots

𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑚1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 𝑚2𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑒 𝑚3 𝑥 + ⋯ + 𝐶𝑛 𝑒 𝑚𝑛𝑥

2. Real, Repeated Roots

𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑥𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝐶1 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + ⋯ + 𝐶𝑘 𝑥 𝑘−1 𝑒 𝑚𝑥

Take note for Imaginary Roots:

𝑚 = 𝑎𝑘 ± 𝑏𝑘 𝑖

3. Distinct Pairs of Imaginary Roots

𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎1 𝑥 (𝐶1 cos 𝑏1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 sin 𝑏𝑥) + ⋯ + 𝑒 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 (𝐶𝑛 . cos 𝑏𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑛 . . sin 𝑏𝑛 𝑥)

4. Repeated Imaginary Roots

𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝐶1 cos 𝑏𝑥 + 𝐶2 sin 𝑏𝑥) + ⋯ + 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑥 𝑘−1 (𝐶𝑘 . cos 𝑏𝑥 + 𝐶𝑘 . . sin 𝑏𝑥)

You might also like