Homework Set I

1) A rock of mass 500 g is thrown vertically from the ground with an initial velocity of
25 m/s. Calculate the height attained by the rock before it starts its descent back to the
ground. Assume that the heat capacity of the rock is negligible and that there is no
friction between the rock and the air.

2) A meteorite of mass 1000 kg enters the earth’s atmosphere 10 miles above the earth’s
surface at a velocity of 800 m/s. Its temperature at that point is 40oC. As the meteorite
travels through the earth’s atmosphere its velocity increases and heat is produced by
friction between the meteorite and the air. The rate of heat production by friction is
approximately 20% of the rate of kinetic energy increase of the meteorite.
Furthermore, of the total heat produced half is lost to the atmosphere and the other
half results in increasing the temperature of the meteorite. Calculate the veloctiy and
the temperature of the meteorite just before it hits the earth’s surface. Use the heat
capacity of the meteorite as 0.1 J/g*K. State any assumptions made in your
calculations.

3) A meteorite of mass 1000-kg has a velocity of 200 m/s and temperature of 200oC at a
distance 2000 m from the surface of the earth. Calculate its velocity just before it hits
the surface of the earth, if its temperature at that point is 300oC. The meteorite loses
2500 kJ of heat to the surroundings during this fall. The heat capacity of the meteorite
is 0.1 J/g*K.

4) A valve connects two tanks of equal volume. Initially, tank 1 contains steam at 1000
kPa and 500oC and tank 2 is empty. The valve is opened and steam is allowed to flow
from tank 1 to tank 2 by an adiabatic process. The system is allowed to equilibrate so
that in the final state the two tanks contain steam at same temperature and pressure.
Calculate the final temperature and pressure of the steam.

5) A valve connects two rigid and well-insulated tanks. The volumes of tanks 1 and 2
are 3 m3 and 1m3 respectively. Initially tank 1 contains saturated steam at 1 bar and
tank 2 contains steam at 20 bar and 350oC. The valve is opened and the system is
allowed to equilibrate so that in the final condition both the tanks contains steam at
the same temperature and pressure. Calculate the final temperature and pressure of
the steam.

6) A chamber initially contains 1 kg of liquid water and 1 kg of steam in equilibrium at

100oC. Heat is added to the chamber to just vaporize all the liquid water to steam in
two different ways. In the first method, the chamber is fitted with a frictionless piston
so that the pressure inside the chamber is held constant during the heat addition
process. In the second method, the heat is added maintaining the volume of the
chamber constant. Calculate the heat requirement for each method. Are the two heats
equal?
7) A closed vessel having a volume of 1 m3 is filled with steam at 10 bar and 573 K.
Heat is removed until the temperature reaches 423 K. Determine the quantity of heat
removed.

8) Steam fills a tank at 5000 kPa and 400oC. The volume of tank 1 equals the volume of
tank 2. A vacuum exists in tank 2 initially (see figure). The valve connecting the two
tanks is opened and isothermal expansion of the steam occurs from tank 1 to tank 2.
Find the enthalpy change per kilogram of steam for the entire process.

11 22

9) Water flows at a rate of 80 g/s by a steady state process through a horizontal coil
heated from the outside by high temperature flue gases. As it passes through the coil,
the water changes state from liquid at 10oC and 1.2 bar at the entrance to vapor at
350oC and 1 atm at the exit. Internal diameter of the coil tubing is 2 cm at the
entrance and 3 cm at the exit. Calculate the rate at which heat must be transferred
through the coil. Specific volume and specific enthalpy at the entrance (1) and exit (2)
are given below:
V1 = 1 cm3/g, H1 = 41.99 kJ/kg, V2 = 2833.2 cm3/g, H2 = 3175.6 kJ/kg

10) One kmol of an ideal gas is compressed isothermally from and initial condition of 1
bar and 100oC to a final pressure of 20 bar. Calculate the heat and the work
requirements for the process.

11) (a) One mole is confined on one side of a piston at 5 atm and 200oF as shown in the
figure. If the piston has a mass of 0.5 kg and the gas expands adiabatically and
reversibly, calculate the piston’s velocity when the pressure has fallen to 1 atm.
Assume the gas to be ideal with Cp = 30 J/mol K.
(b) How much work was done by the gas in (a)?

P = 5 atm Piston when

P = 1 atm Vacuum
T = 200oF

12) Water in an open metal drum is to be heated from room temperature (25oC) to 80oC
by adding steam slowly enough that all the steam condenses. The drum initially
contains 100 kg of water and steam is supplied at 3.0 bar and 300oC. How many
kilograms of steam should be added so that the final temperature of the water in the
tank is exactly 80oC? Neglect all heat losses from the water in this calculation.
13) The frictionless piston and cylinder shown here is subjected to 1.013 bar external
pressure. The piston mass is 200 kg, it has an area of 0.15 m2, and the initial volume
of the entrapped ideal gas is 0.12 m3. The piston and cylinder do not conduct heat, but
heat may be added to the gas by a heating coil. The gas has a constant volume heat
capacity of 30.1 J/mol*K and initial temperature of 298 K and 10.5 kJ of energy are
to be supplied to the gas through the heating coil. If stops placed at the initial
equilibrium position of the piston prevent it from rising, what will be the final
temperature and pressure of the gas? If the piston is allowed to move freely, what is
the final temperature and volume of the gas?

Heating coil

14) A steady state heater has two inlet streams A and B entering with mass flow rates of
10 kg/min and 20 kg/min respectively. One stream C leaves the heater. Streams A and
B are at 25oC and stream C is required to be at 100oC. Calculate the rate of heat the
heater must supply if the heat capacities of all three streams may be assumed to be 1
cal/g-oC.

15) An insulated, evacuated tank having a volume of 1.42 m3 is attached to a steam line
containing steam at 3.5 bar and 422 K. The steam is allowed to flow into the tank
until the pressure rises to 2.5 bar. Assuming the tank to have negligible heat capacity,
how many kilograms of steam enters the tank?

16) Cylinders of compressed gas are being filled from a supply system where the pressure
and temperature at 13.6 bar and 294 K. The cylinders are originally evacuated and
then connected to the supply system and filled rapidly until the cylinder pressure is
equal to the supply pressure. The cylinder is then disconnected and stored in a room
where the temperature is 294 K. Assuming the filling occurs adiabatically, what will
be the cylinder pressure when the cylinder and contents have reached 294 K? Assume
ideal-gas behavior and a constant Cp of 30kJ/kmol*K.

17) A well-insulated cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston initially contains 10 kg of

liquid water and 1 kg of steam at 1atm pressure. The cylinder is connected to a steam
line containing superheated steam at 5 bar and 240oC as shown in the figure The
steam is let in slowly until all the liquid water in the cylinder just evaporate. Calculate
the mass of the superheated steam needed.
 1 atm

5 bar
240oC

18) A nonconducting tank of negligible heat capacity and 1 cubic meter volume is
connected to a pipeline containing steam at 5 bar and disconnected from the pipeline.
If the tank initially contains steam at 1 bar and 150oC, how much steam is in the tank
at the end of the filling process and what is its temperature?

19) A rigid rank of volume 1 cubic meter initially contains an ideal gas at 1 bar and 300
K. It is connected to a supply line of ideal gas at 20 bar and 300 K and filled until the
pressure in the tank rises to 10 bar. The tank exchanges heat with the surroundings
such that the temperature of the gas in the tank stays constant at 300 K during the
filling process. Calculate the total amount of heat transferred by the tank with the
surroundings. Constant volume heat capacity of the ideal gas is 20 J/mol*K.

20) Air in a 0.3 m3 cylinder is initially at a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 330 K.
The cylinder is to be emptied by opening a valve and letting the pressure drop to that
of the atmosphere. What will the temperature and mass of gas in the cylinder if this is
accomplished

a) In a manner that maintains the temperature of the gas at 330 K?

b) In a well-insulated cylinder?

For simplicity assume, in part b, that the process occurs sufficiently rapidly that there
is no heat transfer between the cylinder walls and the gas. The gas is ideal and Cp =
29 J/mol*K.

21) An isolated chamber with rigid walls is divided into equal compartments, one
containing steam at 10 bar and 370oC and the other evacuated. A valve between the
compartments is opened to permit steam to pass from one chamber to the other. (a)
After the pressures (but not the temperatures) in the two chambers have equalized, the
valve is closed, isolating the two systems. What is the temperature and pressure in
each chamber? (b) If the valve were left open, an equilibrium state is obtained in
which each chamber has the same temperature and pressure. What is this temperature
and pressure? (Note: steam is not an ideal gas under the conditions here.)