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Preparation of Derivatives

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46 views2 pages

Preparation of Derivatives

Uploaded by

hephzibahsusanb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PREPARATION OF DERIVATIVES

1. PHENOLS AND AMINES: BROMO DERIVATIVES:


About 2ml of the substance is treated with saturated bromine water till
the yellow colour disappears. Due to excess of bromine persists the bromo
derivatives cyrstallises out spontaneously or on dilution with water. It is
recrystallised from alcohol.
2. CARBOHYDRATES: OSAZONE DERIVATIVES:
About 2g of the sugar is taken in a clear test tube. In another test tube
about 4g of phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride and 4g of sodium acetate are
dissolved in 4ml of the cold water and the solution is added to the substance in
water. It is immerged in a boiling water bath and heated for about 20min. The
precipitate obtained in filtered and recrystallised from alcohol.
3. AROMATIC AMIDES: ACID DERIVATIVE:
About 5g of the substance is gently boiled with 10ml of 20% NaOH for
about 10min. The solution is cooled and acidified with con.HCl. The white is
recrystallised from hot water.
4. UREA:
UREA OXALATE: A little of a strong solution of urea in water is shaken
with a saturated solution of oxalic acid. The white obtained is urea oxalate.
UREA NITRATE: A little of a strong solution of urea in water added
con.HNO3 and shaken well. A white crystalline precipitate obtained is urea
nitrate.
5. UNSATURATED ACID: ANILIDE DERIVATIVES:
About 1g of the acid is refluxed gently under low flame for a half an
hour with 2g of aniline. The reaction mixture is cooled, filtered and anilide
obtained is recrystallised from alcohol.
6. UNSATURATED ACID: NITRO DERIVATIVE:
About 1g of acid 5ml of fuming nitric acid is added in a china dish and
stirred. The solution is set aside for 10min and 20ml of water is added and
stirred. The acid dissolved in nitric acid and light yellow precipitate seperates out.
7. NITRO COMPOUND: AZO DYE:
A quantity of substance is dissolved in HCl. The solution is cooled in ice
and 2ml of saturated solution of NaNO2 is added in drops. To the above clear
solution β-naphthol in alkali is added. A red dye is obtained.
8. ALDEHYDE AND KETONE: SEMI-CARBOZONE DERIVATIVE:
To a little of the substance is mixed semi-carbazide hydrochloride and
CH3COONa. This is dissolved in 2ml of hot water, alcohol is added drop by drop
till a clear solution is obtained. This is heated and cooled. A white crystalline
precipitate is formed.
RESULT:
The given organic substance was found to be
1. Aromatic/aliphatic :
2. Saturated/Unsaturated :
3. Elements present/absent :
4. Nature of the functional group :
5. Derivative :

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