-1-

2024 (Sample question)

MATRICULATION EXAMINATION
DEPARTMENT OF MYANMAR EXAMINATIONS
PHYSICS Time Allowed: (3) Hours
WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN YOUR ANSWER BOOKLET
The symbols in this paper have their usual significance
SECTION (A)
(Answer ALL questions)
1. Are the following statements True (or) False? (10-marks)
(i) The angular acceleration of rotating object is always zero.
(ii) The centripetal force is the force acting towards the centre of the circular path.
(iii) The sun is one of the most powerful renewable energies.
(iv) Two common defects of vision are farsightedness and nearsightedness.
(v) The decibel (dB) is the unit used for measuring sound intensity.
(vi) A resistor is an electrical device that stores electrical energy in the form of
electric field.
(vii) The SI unit of the electromotive fore of a battery is newton.
(viii) The changing magnetic field could produce a current.
(ix) Zener diode is a heavily doped semiconductor p-n junction diode.
(x) Beta particle is helium nucleus.
2. Fill in the blanks. (15-marks)
(i) In a circular motion, the object just moves in a -------.
(ii) Centrifugal force in a circular motion is not a ------- force.
(iii) Wind energy is the energy generated or produced by harnessing the -------
of the wind.
(iv) Heat engine is a system that converts heat to ------- energy.
(v) Sound travels ------- in moist (or) humid air.
(vi) A camera is an optical instrument that forms and --- an image of an object.
(vii) Monochromatic light means that it has a ------- wavelength.
(viii) The capacitance of capacitor is ratio of the ----- to the potential difference.
(ix) The potential difference each capacitor is the same in ------- combination
of the capacitors.
(x) The value of Joule’s of mechanical equivalent of heat (J) is -------.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 -2-
(xi) The unit of magnetic flux density (B) is -------.
(xii) In the lighting circuit, the light bulbs are arrange in ------- across the mains
line.
(xiii) ------- break down occurs at junction which being heavily doped have
narrow depleting layer.
(xiv) A liquid crystal display (LCD) is ------- display.
(xv) Alpha rays are the ------- penetrating of the three rays.
3. Choose the correct answer from the following. (15-marks)
(i) The angular acceleration is equal to zero when there is no change -------.
(A. in angular speed, B. in direction of rotation, C. in angular velocity)
(ii) The SI unit of viscosity is -------.
(A. Pascal second, B. newton per metre, C. metre per second)
(iii) What principle pulls water into the penstock?
(A. Gravity, B. Force of the volume of water, C. Turbine)
(iv) An isochoric process occurs at constant -------.
(A. pressure, B. volume, C. temperature)
(v) Heat engine is a system that converts heat to ------- energy.
(A. mechanical, B. electrical, C. chemical)
(vi) In an optical fibre, the light is transmitted through the -------.
(A. core, B. cladding, C. jacket)
(vii) The core of fibre-optic cable is made of -------.
(A. copper wire, B. thin strand of glass, C. lead wire)
(viii) Which of the following metals cannot be used as fuse wire?
(A. iron, B. silver, C. tin-lead alloy)
(ix) A capacitor is ------- device that stores electrical energy.
(A. an electrical, B. a mechanical, C. a chemical)
(x) The unit of electrical power (P) is the -------.
(A. ampere, B. watt, C. farad)
(xi) The SI unit of magnetic flux density is the -------.
(A. weber, B. tesla, C. ampere per metre)
(xii) There is ------- in 1 kWh.
(A. 6.3 × 106 J, B. 1.6 × 10-6 J, C. 3.6 × 106 J)

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 -3-
(xiii) ------- is used to control the brightness of street lamps.
(A. LED, B. LDR, C. Thermistor)
(xiv) A photodiode is a ------- device that converts lights into electrical current.
(A. insulator, B. conductor, C. semiconductor)
(xv) Alpha rays can be deflected by -------.
(A. electric field, B. magnetic field, C. electric and magnetic field)
SECTION ( B )
(Answer Four questions)
4. (a) Consider a rotating circular plate of a lathe machine. Are the angular and (7-marks)
tangential speeds at any point on the plate the same? Explain.
Why is centripetal acceleration produced in a circular motion?
A 60 cm rope is tied to the handle of a bucket which is then whirled in
vertical circle. The mass of the bucket is 3 kg. If the tension of the rope at
the lowest point in its path is 50 N, find the speed of the bucket at that point.
(b) Draw ray diagram of an astronomical telescope. (8-marks)
A beam of green light from a laser light source is diffracted by a slit of width
0.55 mm. The diffraction pattern forms on a wall 20.6 m beyond the slit.
The distance between the positions of the first minima on both sides of the
central bright fringe is 4.1mm. Calculate the wavelength of the laser light.
5. (a) Why does the energy demand increase year by year? What is a main source (7-marks)
of power of a hydroelectric power plant?
Determine the input power of the wind if the wind speed is 20 m s -1 and
blade length is 20 m. Density of air is 1.3 kg m -3.
(b) Where are LEDs used? Describe some applications of LEDs. What effect (8-marks)
does an increase of light intensity on LDR have on its resistance? What is a
disadvantage of LCD displays? Illustrate the block diagram of general
electronic communication system.
6. (a) Mention the appropriate wiring circuit for the following electrical (7-marks)
appliances (i) bulb and fluorescent lamp (ii) electric iron (iii) water pump
motor (iv) electric stove.
A square loop of wire of side 5.0 cm is in a uniform magnetic field 0.16 T.
What is the magnetic flux in the loop (i) when magnetic field is
perpendicular to the surface of the loop and (ii) when magnetic field is at an
angle of 30° to the surface of the loop?
U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)
 -4-
(b) Draw the induced current produced by moving magnet. (8-marks)
120 kW of electric power is sent to a small town from power plant 10 km
away. The transmission lines have a resistance of 0.40 Ω per km. Calculate
the power loss if the power is transmitted at (i) 240 V and (ii) 24 000V.
7. (a) What device is a nuclear reactor? Give a brief description of the essential (7-marks)
component of nuclear reactor.
Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of (i) a 0.65 kg basketball thrown at a
speed of 10 m s-1, (ii) a nonrelativistic electron with a kinetic energy of 1eV.
(b) Draw resultant acceleration of nonuniform circular motion. What is the (8-marks)
speed of sound in (i) a steel rod (ii) water? Young’s modulus of steel is
20 × 1010 N m-2 and density of steal is 7.8 × 103 kg m-3. The bulk modulus
of water is 0.22 × 1010 N m-2 and density of water is 103 kg m-3.
8. (a) For an object moving in a circle with constant angular velocity, what is the (7-marks)
direction of acceleration of the object? When a bob is swinging in the
vertical circle at which point on the circular part is the tension in the rope
the greatest?
Draw the variation of the induced emf as a function of 𝜔t.
(b) How does wind power generate electricity? Why are wind and solar energies (8-marks)
more popular than ocean energy?
Suppose there was 2 g of radon at t = 0 and its half-life is 3.8 days. How
much would be left after 15.2 days.
9. (a) Explain each of the following: (i) A transformer will not work on DC. (ii) (7-marks)
The core of a transformer needs to be laminated. (iii) If a transformer
increases voltage, it reduces current.
Draw a graph illustrating the half-life of radium which has a half-life of
1620 years.
(b) Give a short note on communication system. Write short notes on the (8-marks)
components of a simple radio receiver.
A step-down transformer is used to light a 12 V, 24 W lamp from the 240 V
mains. The current through the primary is 125 mA. What is the efficiency
of the transformer?

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 -5-
1. (i) False (vi) False 10
(ii) True (vii) False
(iii) True (viii) True
(iv) True (ix) True
(v) False (x) False
2. (i) circle (vi) record (xi) tesla (T) 15
(ii) real (vii) single (xii) parallel
(iii) power (viii) charge (xiii) Zener
(iv) mechanical (ix) parallel (xiv) flat-panel
(v) faster (x) 4.2 (xv) least
3. (i) C (vi) A (xi) B 15
(ii) A (vii) B (xii) C
(iii) A (viii) A (xiii) B
(iv) B (ix) A (xiv) C
(v) A (x) B (xv) C
4. (a) The angular speeds of all the points will be the same. 7
Since v = r ,
The tangential speeds of different points will not be the same. The farther the point
from the centre of rotation, the greater will be the tangential speed of that point.
The direction of the velocity continuously changes as the object moves around the
circle. The change in direction of the velocity constitutes the centripetal acceleration.
Mass of bucket, m = 3 kg
Length of rope = radius of vertical circle, r = 60 cm = 60 × 10−2 m ,
g = 9.8 m s-2, v=?
Force acting on bucket are
Tension force on bucket, T = 50 N
Weight of bucket, w = mg = 3 × 9.8 = 29.4 N
For vertical circle, at lowest point ,
Fnet = T – w = 50 – 29.4 = 20.6 N
FC = Fnet
m v2
= Fnet
r

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 -6-
3 v2
= 20.6
60 × 10−2

v2 = 20.6 × 20 × 10−2
v = √20.6 × 20 × 10−2 = 2.03 m s-1
4. (b) 8

I2′

For single slit,

𝑎 = 0.55 mm = 0.55 × 10−3 m, D = 2.06 m , λ=?
The width of the central maximum = 4.1 mm = 4.1 × 10−3 m
𝜆𝐷
The width of the central maximum = 2
𝑎
𝜆𝐷
4.1 × 10−3 = 2
𝑎
4.1 ×10−3 × 𝑎
𝜆 =
2D
4.1 ×10−3 ×0.55 ×10−3
=
2×2.06

𝜆 = 547.3 × 10−9 m = 547.3 nm

5. (a) The energy demand increases year by year because the population and new 7
technology are always expanding.
The motion of water is the main source of power of a hydroelectric power plant.
Wind speed, v = 20 m s-1 ,
Length of blade = radius of rotor surface area, r = 20 m,
𝜌 = 1.3 kg m-3 Input power, P = ?
Area of a wind turbine, A = 𝜋 r2 = 3.142 × 202 = 1256.8 m2
1
P = 𝜌 A v3
2
1
= × 1.3 × 1256.8 × 203 = 6.535 × 106 W = 6.535 MW
2

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 -7-
5. (b) LEDs are typically used as ON/OFF indicator lights in electrical appliances such as 8
televisions, VCR (video cassette recorder), video cameras, computers, and stereos.
They are also used to display numbers in some alarm clocks, radios, and microwave
ovens.
Another use is very large video displays at sporting events and concerts.
Televisions, VCR (video cassette recorder), video cameras, computers, digital
watches, camera flashes, alarm clocks, radios, and microwave ovens, very large
video displays.
An increase of light intensity on LDR decreases the resistance of the LDR.
The disadvantages of LCD displays are –
- limited viewing angle.
- produces heat and consumes much electrical energy.
- a polarizing glass filter is needed.
- have difficulty producing black and very dark grays.

6. (a) (i) bulb and fluorescent lamp should be in lighting circuit. 7

(ii) electric iron should be in heating circuit.
(iii) water pump motor should be in power circuit.
(iv) electric stove should be in heating circuit.
A = 5 cm × 5 cm = 25 cm2 = 25 × 10-4 m2
B = 0.16 T
(i) 𝜙𝐵 = ? 𝜃 = 0° (ii) 𝜙𝐵 = ? 𝜃 = 30°
𝜙𝐵 = B A cos 𝜃
⃗ is perpendicular to the surface of loop, (or) 𝐵
When 𝐵 ⃗ parallel with d𝐴 , 𝜃 = 0°
𝜙𝐵 = B A cos 0°
= 0.16 × 25 × 10-4 × 1 = 4 × 10-4 Wb
⃗ is at angle of 30° to surface,
When 𝐵 𝜃 = 90° - 30° = 60°
U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)
 -8-
𝜙𝐵 = B A cos 60°
= 0.16 × 25 × 10-4 × cos 60° = 2 × 10-4 Wb
6. (b) coil 8
direction of movement

galvanometer

P = 120 kW = 120 × 103 W

For 1 km, R = 0.40 Ω
For 10 km, R = 4 Ω
(i) Ploss = ? , V = 240 V, (ii) Ploss = ? , V = 24 000 V
P = VI
P 120 × 103 1000
I = = = = 500 A
V 240 2

Ploss = I2 R = 5002 × 4
= 25 0000 × 4 = 100 0000 = 1000 kW
Hence Ploss at 10 km away from the station greater than the transmission
power, any electricity can’t be received.
P = VI
P 120 × 103 1000
I = = = =5A
V 24 000 200

Ploss = I2 R = 52 × 4 = 25 × 4 = 100 = 100 W

Hence Ploss at 10 km away from the station very less than the transmission
power, electricity can be received well.
7. (a) Nuclear reactor is a device in which a fission chain reaction can be initiated, 7
maintained and controlled.
Fissionable nuclear fuel : is the material for fission reaction to take place.
Uranium-235 or plutonium-239 can be used as
fuel.
Moderator : is a material to slow down fast neutrons released from a fission
process. Graphite and ordinary water (H2O) as well as heavy
water (D2O) are used as moderators.
U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)
 -9-
Coolant : is to extract the heat produced by fission fragments when they
slow down and stop in the reactor material. Water and carbon
dioxide CO2 gas are used as coolant.
Control rods : are used to control the rate of reaction by raising or lowering
them from the core. Boron and cadmium (neutron absorbing
materials) are used as control rods.
Reactor vessel : is to contain the reactor core, moderator, coolant and control
rods. It is a pressurized steel vessel.
Shielding : (or containment structure) is a protective barrier, usually a
dense material. It reduces the passage of radiations from
radioactive materials by absorbing them.
(i) m = 0.65 kg, v = 10 m s-1, 𝜆 = ?, h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s
The de Broglie wavelength associated with basketball,
h h
λ = p
=
mv

6.63 ×10−34
λ = = 1.02 × 10−34 m
0.65×10

KE = 1 eV = 1.6 × 10−19 J , m = 9.1 × 10−31 kg

The de Broglie wavelength associated with electron,
h
λ = √2 m KE
6.63 ×10−34
= = 1.23 × 10−9 m
√2 × 9.1 × 10−31 × 1.6 ×10−19

The de Broglie wavelength for basketball (macroscopic particle) is

very much shorter than those of electron (microscopic particle).
Hence, wave nature cannot be observed for basketball.
7. (b) 8
𝑎T = tangential acceleration
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎C = centripetal acceleration
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎 = resultant acceleration

(i) Young’s modulus of steel, Y = 20 × 1010 N m-2 ,

Density of steel, 𝜌 = 7.8 × 103 kg m-3

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 10 -
The speed of sound in a steel rod,
𝑌
v = √𝜌

20 × 1010
= √
7.8 × 103

= 5.06 × 103 m s-1

(ii) The bulk modulus of water, B = 0.22 × 1010 N m-2 ,
Density of water, 𝜌 = 103 kg m-3
The speed of sound in water,
𝐵
v = √𝜌

0.22 × 1010
= √
103

= 1.48 × 103 m s-1

8. (a) The direction of the acceleration of the object is toward the centre of the circular 7
path.
The lowest point on the circular part, the tension in the rope is the greatest.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 11 -
8. (b) In a wind turbine, wind first hits the blades of the turbine, causing them to rotate and 8
turn the turbine connected to them. That changes the kinetic energy to rotational
energy, by rotating a shaft which is connected to a generator, and thereby producing
electrical energy through electromagnetism.
The energy potential from the ocean is quite large but the efficient commercial
exploitation is difficult.
Wind and solar energy can be obtained in many locations, but ocean energy can be
obtained only in the ocean.
Initial amount = 2 g, half-life, T1⁄ = 3.8 days,
2

time elapsed, t = 15.2 days

time elasped 15.2
Number of half-life, n = = =4
half−life 3.8
1 n
Amount left after n half-life = ( ) × initial amount
2

1 4
Amount left after 15.2 days = ( ) ×2
2
1
= × 2 = 0.125 g [OR]
16

N0 = 2 g, T1⁄ = 3.8 days, Nt = ?, t = 15.2 days

2

By the exponential law of radioactive decay

Nt = N0 𝑒 (− 𝜆 𝑡 )
0.693
(− t)
= N0 e
T1
⁄2

0.693 ×15.2
= 2 e(− 3.8
)
= 0.125 g
9. (a) (i) Transformer works on the basic principle of electromagnetic induction. When 7
an alternating AC current passes through the primary coil of transformer, it
creates a constantly changing magnetic field which in turn induces the
alternating current in the secondary coil.
However, direct current (DC) does not have the required alternating nature to
generate a changing magnetic field. Thus, transformer will not work on DC.
(ii) The iron core of a transformer is laminated to reduce eddy currents. Eddy
currents are the small currents that result from the changing magnetic field
created by the alternating current in the iron core.
Thus, the use of laminator is to minimize the power loss due to the induced
current flowing in the core.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 12 -
(iii) power input = power output
Vp I p = V s I s
As the product of voltage and current is the same on both coils of a transformer,
a transformer which increases the voltage will reduce the current in the same
proportion, and vice versa.

mass of radium (g) 1620 years

(years)
1620 3240 4860

9. (b) In general, an electronic communication system is composed of the transmission, 8

reception, and processing of information between two or more locations with the use
of electronic circuits. The basic components of an electronic communication system
are the transmitter, communication channel or medium receiver and noise (as a
source of disturbance).
The radio receiver comprises roughly six pieces. They are antenna, tuner, rf (radio
frequency) amplifier, diode detector, af (audio frequency) amplifier and speaker.
• The receiving antenna picks up the radio signals.
• Tuning circuit select a particular radio frequency.
• Radio frequency amplifier amplifies the radio frequency signal.
• Diode detector demodulates audio signal from carrier wave.
• Audio frequency amplifier amplifies the audio frequency signal.
• The speaker produces sound.
Primary coil Secondary coil
Vp = 240 V Vs = 12 V
−3
Ip = 125 mA = 125 × 10 A P out = 24 W
Efficiency = ?
Input power, Pin = Vp Ip = 240 × 125 × 10−3 = 30 W
Output power
Efficiency = × 100%
Input power
24 W
= × 100% = 80 %
30 W

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 13 -
2024 (SET – 1)
MATRICULATION EXAMINATION
DEPARTMENT OF MYANMAR EXAMINATIONS
PHYSICS Time Allowed: (3) Hours
WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN YOUR ANSWER BOOKLET
The symbols in this paper have their usual significance
SECTION (A)
(Answer ALL questions)
1. Are the following statements True (or) False? (10-marks)
(i) The two acceleration vectors 𝑎𝑐 and 𝑎 𝑇 are perpendicular to each other.
(ii) The normal force FN exerted by a banked road is parallel to the road.
(iii) Wind energy is the kinetic energy of air in motion.
(iv) Convection occurs only in a liquid or a gas, never in a sloid.
(v) An echo is repetition of sound due to the reflection of sound.
(vi) For a vacuum, 𝜅 = 1 and for other insulating materials 𝜅 > 1.
(vii) A source of electromotive force has an external resistance.
(viii) A transformer is used to change the voltage of an alternating current.
(ix) The commonly used invisible light for LED is white light.
(x) An inertial frame is a frame of reference that has no acceleration.
2. Fill in the blanks. (15-marks)
(i) In uniform circular motion, the centripetal force and centripetal
acceleration are ------ direction.
(ii) Cohesion and adhesion are two types of ------ forces.
(iii) Heat, light and ------ are the most common forms of energy.
(iv) A black object is a good absorber and a good radiator whose ------ is close
to one.
(v) The ------ is the unit used for measuring sound intensity.
(vi) Luminous flux (luminous power) 𝛷 is measured in ------.
(vii) The angular position of a point of a periodic wave is known as the ------.
(viii) The capacitors are connected in ------ each capacitor has the same charge.
(ix) In the SI system, the unit of capacitance is ------.
(x) Batteries and electric generators are called sources of ------ force.
(xi) An electric light bulb is made of a glass bulb consisting a ------ filament.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 14 -
(xii) In any electrical appliance the ------ wire is always connected to the metal
case.
(xiii) A ------ is a semiconductor device that converts light into electrical current.
(xiv) The basic operations in Boolean algebra are ------, OR, and NOT.
(xv) ------ of food has potential to produce safe foods with long shelf life.
3. Choose the correct answer from the following. (15-marks)
(i) The unit of angular velocity is ------.
(A. metre per second, B. radian per second, C. radian per second squared)
(ii) Bernoulli’s equation can be derived using the ------ principle to a fluid
flowing in a tube.
(A. work energy, B. kinetic energy, C. potential
energy)
(iii) Conversion of light energy into ------ is based on a phenomenon called
photovoltaic effect.
(A. heat energy, B. chemical energy, C. electrical
energy)
(iv) In an ------ process, the volume is constant so that work done is zero.
(A. isobaric, B. isochoric, C. isothermal)
(v) What material has the lowest speed of sound?
(A. in solids, B. in liquids, C. in gases)
(vi) Which type of lenes are used in telescope?
(A. convex, B. mirror, C. concave)
(vii) Wavefront is always ------ to the direction of propagation (or) rays.
(A. perpendicular, B. opposite, C. parallel)
(viii) Which one is non-polarized capacitors?
(A. supercapacitors, B. electrolytic capacitors, C. film capacitors)
(ix) A ------ is an electrical device that stores electrical energy in the form of an
electric field.
(A. resistor, B. capacitor, C. transistor)
(x) When a battery is connected to an external circuit, the terminal voltage of
a battery is ------.
(A. V = E, B. V = E - Ir, C. V = E + Ir)

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 15 -
(xi) There are ------ joule in one kilowatt hour (1 kWh).
(Α. 4.2, B. 3.6 × 106, C. 1000)
(xii) The voltage of ------ goes alternately negative and positive, making the
current flow backwards and forwards through the circuit.
(A. live wire, B. neutral wire, C. earth wire)
(xiii) Which electrical component is used to control the brightness of street
lamps?
(A. LED, B. LDR, C. thermistor)
(xiv) ------ are massless and move at the speed of light in vacuum.
(A. Photons, B. Neutrons, C. Electrons)
(xv) When an animal or a plant dies carbon cycle stops and the carbon-14 in the
remain gradually ------ by radioactive decay.
(A. decreases, B. increases, C. constant)
SECTION ( B )
(Answer Four questions)
4. (a) Under what condition the angular acceleration of a rotating object is equal (7-marks)
to zero? In circular motion, how is a tangential acceleration produced?
A 60 cm rope is tied to the handle of a bucket which is then whirled in a
vertical circle. The mass of the bucket is 3 kg. If the tension of the rope at
the lowest point in its path is 50 N, find the speed of the bucket at that point.
(b) One liter of air is cooled at constant pressure until its volume is halved, and (8-marks)
then it is allowed to expand isothermally back to its original volume. Draw
the process on a p-V diagram.
A compound microscope consists of two thin lenses, an objective of focal
length 20 mm and an eyepiece of focal length 50 mm, placed 220 mm apart.
If the final image is viewed at infinity, calculate the distance of the object
from the objective.
5. (a) What is the main source of energy? What are non-renewable energy sources (7-marks)
and renewable energy resources?
The hydroturbine receives water from a reservoir at an elevation of 100 m
above it. What is the minimum water flow in kg s -1 to produce a steady
turbine output of 50 MW if the turbine generator efficiency is 75 %?

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 16 -
(b) What is meant by “AM and FM”? What are the differences between FM (8-marks)
and AM?
Draw the circuit symbol of LED and its forward biased characteristic
curves.
6. (a) How does an emf of the source differ from potential difference across the (7-marks)
external resistance?
Why is an electric fuse required in all electrical appliances?
When a battery is connected to a 2 Ω resistor it drives a current of 0.6 A
through the resistor. When it is connected to a 7 Ω resistor it drives a current
of 0.2 A through the resistor. Find the emf and the internal resistance of the
battery.
(b) Draw the graphical representations of the magnitude of DC and AC (8-marks)
voltages as a function of time.
The current in an AC circuit at any time t seconds is given by I = 20 sin
(100𝜋 t) A. Find (i) the peak value (maximum value) of current, the period
and the frequency (ii) the value of the current when t = 0 (iii) the value of
the current when t = 8 ms and (iv) the time when the current reaches 10 A.
7. (a) What are radioisotopes? Give some examples. (7-marks)
Give two medical applications of radioisotopes.
A radioisotope has a half-life of 20 min. If there is initially 102.4 g of this
isotope, how much time elapses for 12.8 g to be left?
(b) Draw the (i) diagram for circular motion of an object at constant speed (8-marks)
(ii) vector diagram for change in velocity (iii) vector diagram for Δt
approaching zero.
A beam of 650 nm light is directed upon two slits that are separated by a
distance of 0.75 mm. A scream is placed 1.50 m away to capture the
interference pattern. What is the distance from the 1 st order maximum to
the 3rd order minimum?
8. (a) What is the difference between laminar flow and turbulent flow? (7-marks)
At a river junction, water streams are whirling; is it laminar or turbulent?
How does temperature affect the viscosity of a fluid?
Draw the diagram for charging and discharging a capacitor and voltage
characteristic of the charging and discharging a capacitor.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 17 -
(b) What is Doppler effect? Express the Doppler equation in general form. (8-marks)
Describe some applications of Doppler effect in a variety of fields.
In old days radios contained vacuum tubes that generated and speeded up
electrons. A tube operates at 100 V. Find the speed of an electron and de
Broglie wavelength.
(mass of an electron = 9.1 × 10−31 kg, charge of electron = 1.6 × 10−19 C,
h = 6.62 × 10−34 J s)
9. (a) State the equation of Faraday’s law for a wire loop with N identical turns. (7-marks)
Why is Faraday’s law important?
What does negative sign indicate in Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction formula?
Draw the logic circuit represented by each of the following expressions:
(i) A + B + C (ii) ABC (iv) AB + CD
(b) What is thermistor? How many types of thermistors are there? Write down (8-marks)
the main difference between them?
Three capacitors of capacitance 3 F, 10 F and 15 F are connected in
series with 100 V battery. What is the charge and the potential difference
on each capacitor?

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 18 -
1. (i) True (vi) True 10
(ii) False (vii) False
(iii) True (viii) True
(iv) True (ix) False
(v) True (x) True
2. (i) same (vi) lumen (lm) (xi) tungsten 15
(ii) interocular (vii) phase angle (xii) earth
(iii) electricity (viii) series (xiii) photodiode/ solar cell
(iv) emissivity (ix) farad (F) (xiv) AND
(v) watt per square metre (x) electromotive (xv) Irradiation
(W m-2)
3. (i) B (vi) A (xi) A 15
(ii) A (vii) A (xii) A
(iii) C (viii) C (xiii) B
(iv) B (ix) B (xiv) A
(v) C (x) B (xv) A
4. (a) The angular acceleration of a rotating object is equal to zero when the object is 7
rotating with constant angular velocity. [OR]
ω − ω0 0
For constant angular velocity, ω = ω0 = constant, Since, 𝛼 = = =0
t t

If the magnitude of the angular velocity of a rotating object change, the magnitude
of the linear velocity will also change, and the object will have a tangential
acceleration.
Mass of bucket, m = 3 kg
r = 60 cm = 60 × 10−2 m , g = 9.8 m s-2 v=?
Force acting on bucket are
Tension force on bucket, T = 50 N
Weight of bucket, w = mg = 3 × 9.8 = 29.4 N
For vertical circle, at lowest point ,
Fnet = T – w = 50 – 29.4 = 20.6 N
FC = Fnet
m v2
= Fnet
r

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 19 -
3 v2
= 20.6
60 × 10−2

v2 = 20.6 × 20 × 10−2
v = √20.6 × 20 × 10−2 = 2.03 m s-1
4. (b) pressure 8
p1 (1) isobaric compression
(2) isothermal expansion
p2

volume (L)
Objective lens Eyepiece lens
fo = 20 mm fe = 50 mm
uo = ? ve = ∞
L = 220 mm
When the final image 𝐼2 𝐼2′ is formed at infinity from the eyepiece lens.
The first image 𝐼1 𝐼1′ must be at the focus of the eyepiece.
Since, ve = ∞, ue = fe = 50 mm
L = vo + ue
220 = vo + 50
vo = + 170 mm (real image)
Using lens formula,
1 1 1
= + (For objective lens)
fO uO vO
1 1 1
= +
20 u𝑜 170
1 1 1
u𝑜
= -
20 170
1
u𝑜
= 0.044
uo = + 22.67 mm
The object must be placed 22.67 mm from the objective lens.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 20 -
5. (a) The main source of energy is solar energy (sun). 7
Non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels (like coal, oil, natural gas) and
nuclear energy.
Renewable energy resources are solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric energy,
energy from the ocean, geothermal energy, biomass.
h = 100 m, 𝜂 = 75% = 0.75 P = 50 MW = 50 × 106 W,
water flow rate in kg s-1 = ?
P = 𝜂 𝜌 V̇ g h
V
P = 𝜂𝜌 gh
t
m
P = 𝜂 gh (∵ m = 𝜌 V)
t
m P
t
= ηgh
m 50 × 106
t
=
0.75 × 9.8 × 100

= 68027 kg s-1
5. (b) When the amplitude of high frequency carrier wave is changed in accordance with 8
the intensity of the signal, it is called amplitude modulation (AM)
When the frequency of carrier wave is changed in accordance with the intensity of
the signal, it is called frequency modulation (FM).
FM AM
The amplitude of carrier wave The amplitude of carrier wave changes
remains constant with modulation. with modulation.
The carrier frequency changes The carrier amplitude changes
according to the strength of the according to the strength of the
modulating signal. modulating signal.
The carrier frequency changes with The carrier frequency remains constant
modulation. with modulation.
FM radio ranges in a higher spectrum AM radio ranges from 535 to 1705 k
from 88 to 108 MHz. (or) 1200 to Hz (or) up to 1200 bits per second.
2400 bits per second.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 21 -

anode cathode

6. (a) Electromotive force (emf) is amount of energy provided by the battery per unit 7
charge to move round the complete circuit.
The potential difference or voltage is the amount of energy required to move a unit
charge from one end to another end of a circuit element.
We use fuses in an electric circuit to prevent electrical appliances from being damage
if excessive current flows through them.
R1 = 2 Ω , I1 = 0.6 A
R2 = 7 Ω , I2 = 0.2 A
E = ?, r=?
By circuit equation,
𝐸 R1 = 2 Ω
I = 𝑅+𝑟
𝐸 I1 = 0.6 A
I1 = 𝑅1 + 𝑟 E, r
E = I1 (R1 + r) + -

= 0.6 (2 + r) ---------- (1) R2 = 7

𝐸 Ω
I2 = 𝑅2 + 𝑟
I2 = 0.2 A
E = I2 (R2 + r) E, r

= 0.2 (7 + r) ---------- (2) + -

From Eq (1) and
(2)
0.6 (2 + r) = 0.2 (7 + r)
1.2 + 0.6 r = 1.4 + 0.2 r
0.6 r – 0.2 r = 1.4 – 1.2

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 22 -
0.4 r = 0.2
0.2 2
r = =
0.4 4

r = 0.5 Ω
r = 0.5 Ω in eq (1)
E = 0.6 (2 + 0.5) = 1.5 V
6. (b) 8
voltage

0
time

I = 20 sin (100 𝜋 t) A
(i) Im = ? T=? f=?
(ii) I=? When, t = 0 s
(iii) I=? When, t = 8 ms = 8 × 10−3 s
(iv) t=? When, I = 10 A
By comparing the expression of I = Im sin (𝜔 t)
I = 20 sin (100 𝜋 t)
Im = 20 A, 𝜔 = 100 𝜋 rad s-1
Im = 20 A
𝜔 = 2𝜋f
𝜔 100 π rad s−1
f = = = 50 s-1 (or) 50 Hz
2𝜋 2 π rad

Period, 1 1
= = = 0.02 s = 20 ms
T 𝑓 50

When t = 0s,
= 20 sin (100 𝜋 × 0) = 20 sin (0) = 0 A
I
When, t = 8 ms,
= 20 sin (100 𝜋 × 8 × 10−3 )
I
= 20 sin (0.8 × 180) = 11.76 A
When, I = 10 A,
= 20 sin (100 𝜋 t)
I
10 = 20 sin (100 𝜋 t)

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 23 -
0.5 = sin (100 𝜋 t)
100 𝜋 t = sin-1 0.5
100 𝜋 t = 30
30 30
t = = = 0.0017 s = 1.7 ms
100 𝜋 100 ×180

7. (a) Radioisotope (radioactive isotopes or radionuclides) are atoms with unstable nucleus 7
which undergoes radioactive decay, resulting in the emission of alpha, beta and
gamma rays.
iodine-131, phosphorus-32, cobalt-60, cesium-137, carbon-14, potassium-40
half-life, T1⁄ = 20 min, Initial amount = 102.4 g,
2

amount left = 12.8 g, time elapsed, t = ?

1 n
Amount left after n half-life = ( ) × initial amount
2
1 n
12.8 = ( ) × 102.4
2
12.8 1 n
102.4
= ( )
2
1 1 n
8
= ( )
2

1 3 1 n
( ) = ( )
2 2

n = 3
time elasped, t
Number of half-life, n =
half−life, T1⁄
2

Time elapsed = n × T1⁄

2

= 3 × 20 = 60 min = 1 h [OR]
T1⁄ = 20 min, N0 = 102.4 g, Nt = 12.8 g, t=?
2

By the exponential law of radioactive decay

Nt = N0 𝑒 (− 𝜆 𝑡 )
0.693
(− t)
= N0 e
T1
⁄2

0.693
12.8 = 102.4 e(− 20
t)

0.693
0.125 = e(− 20
t)

0.693
ln 0.125 = ln e(− 20
t)

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 24 -
0.693
ln 0.125 = − t
20
− 20
t = ln 0.125 ( ) = 60 min = 1 h
0.693

7. (b) v2 8
v2 ⃗ v1
Δv
B
r Δv
⃗ v2
Δs v1 v1
Δθ r
C v2 Δθ
A

centre of circle

d = 0.75 mm = 0.75 × 10−3 m, D = 1.5 m ,

−9
λ = 650 nm = 650 × 10 m,
Δy =? (from the 1 order maximum to the 3rd order minimum)
st

For 1st order bright (maximum), m = 1

λD
ym = m
d
λD
y1 =
d
650 ×10−9 × 1.5
= = 0.0013 m = 1.3 × 10−3 m
0.75 ×10−3

For 3rd order dark (minimum), m = 2

1 λD
ym = (m + )
2 d
1 λD 5 λD
y2 = (2 + ) =
2 d 2 d
5 650 ×10−9 × 1.5
= × = 3.25 × 10−3 m
2 0.75 ×10−3

Δy = y2 – y1
= 3.25 × 10−3 - 1.3 × 10−3 = 1.95 × 10−3 m
8. (a) Laminar flows are smooth and streamlined. 7
Turbulent flows are irregular and chaotic.
At a river junction, water streams are whirling, so it is turbulent flow.
The viscosity of liquids decreases rapidly with an increase in temperature.
The viscosity of gases increases with an increase in temperature.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 25 -

S1 S2
0
charging
C
= 0
(1 e t RC)
0 C C
R (load)

R C
= 0
(e t R C
)

8. (b) The Doppler effect or Doppler shift is the change in frequency of a wave related to 8
an observer due to the relative motion between the source and observer.
v ± v0
f0 = fs [ ]
v ∓ vs

f0 = frequency heard by the observer

fs = frequency produced by the source
v = speed of sound in the medium
v0 = speed of the observer
vs = speed of the source
Some application of Doppler effect are -
Red shift
Radar
Medical Applications – angiodynography, echocardiography
V = 100 V , m = 9.1 × 10-31 kg, h = 6.62 × 10−34 J s
KE = W = q V = 100 eV = 100 × 1.6 × 10−19 = 1.6 × 10−17 J
1
KE = m v2
2
2 KE
v2 = m

2 KE
v = √
m

2 × 1.6 ×10−17
= √
9.1 × 10−31

v = 5.93 × 106 m s-1

The de Broglie wavelength associated with electron,
h
λ = √2 m KE

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 26 -
6.62 ×10−34
= 1.227 × 10−10 m =
= √2 × 9.1 × 10−31 × 1.6 ×10−17
1.229 Å
h 6.62 ×10−34
= = 1.227 × 10−10 m =
[OR] λ = mv 9.1 × 10−31 × 5.93 ×106
1.229 Å
9. (a) d ϕB 7
E=-N
dt

E = induced emf
N = number of turns
d ϕB
= the rate of change of magnetic flux
dt

Faraday's law is important because it explains how electromagnetic induction works.

This phenomenon is the basic for modern technologies such as electric motors,
generators and transformers. Without understanding it, it is impossible to use the
electrical energy nowadays.
In Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction formula, negative sign indicates the
direction of the induced emf.
A A
A+B+C AB
B B
C
AB + CD
A
B ABC C
CD
C D
9. (b) A thermistor is a temperature sensor that exhibits a large change in resistance 8
proportional to a change in temperature.
There are two types of thermistors. They are PTC and NTC thermistor.
As the temperature increases, resistance of the NTC thermistor decreases.
As the temperature increases, resistance of the PTC thermistor increases.
C1 = 3 F, C2 = 10 F, C3 = 15 F, V = 100 V
Q1 = ?, Q2 = ?, Q3 = ?
C1 C2 C3
V1 = ? , V2 = ?, V3 = ?
When C1, C2 and C3 are connected in series
V1 V2 V3
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝐶 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3
1 1 1
100 V
= + +
3 10 15

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 27 -
1 10 + 3 + 2 15
= =
𝐶 30 30
30
C = = 2 F
15
Q
C = V

Q = C V = 2 × 10-6 × 100 = 200 × 10-6 C

Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = Q = 200 × 10-6 C (C1, C2 and C3 are in series)
Q1 200 × 10−6
V1 = = = 66.67 V
C1 3 × 10−6

Q2 200 × 10−6
V2 = = = 20 V
C2 10 × 10−6
Q2 200 × 10−6
V2 = = = 13.33 V
C2 15 × 10−6

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 28 -
2024 (SET – 2)
MATRICULATION EXAMINATION
DEPARTMENT OF MYANMAR EXAMINATIONS
PHYSICS Time Allowed: (3) Hours
WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN YOUR ANSWER BOOKLET
The symbols in this paper have their usual significance
SECTION (A)
(Answer ALL questions)
1. Are the following statements True (or) False? (10-marks)
(i) The centripetal force is the force acting towards the centre of curvature.
(ii) The oil used in the motor car's brake system is compressible.
(iii) Solar energy is indeed classified as a type of non-renewable energy.
(iv) Heat conduction represents a form of energy transfer.
(v) Sound travels at different speeds depending on the medium through which
it passes.
(vi) When one side of a capacitor holds a positive charge, the other side holds
an equal negative charge.
(vii) Electromotive force is measured in volts.
(viii) In Myanmar, the prevalent AC line frequency is 50 Hz, while the standard
voltage utilized for residential and commercial applications falls within the
voltage of 220 V to 240 V.
(ix) One advantage of LEDs is their common use with low voltage and high
current.
(x) The term “radioactivity” is used to describe the rate at which a radioactive
sample undergoes decay.
2. Fill in the blanks. (15-marks)
(i) ------ force in a circular motion is not a real force; it acts really away from
the centre of the circle.
(ii) ------, air, steam, and foam are generally considered to be compressible.
(iii) The typical output of a solar cell is ------ energy.
(iv) Heat convection is one of the primary ------ of heat transfer.
(v) The SI unit of sound intensity is the ------ per square metre.
(vi) An aperture is a circular opening through which the ------ passes.
(vii) The angular position of a periodic wave is known as the ------ angle.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 29 -
(viii) ------ is required to control the current and facilitate gradual charging or
discharging in a capacitor circuit.
(ix) In the series connection of the capacitors, each capacitor has the same ----.
(x) Electrical energy is energy associated with the flow of charge through any
part of ------.
(xi) The potential difference is the amount of ------ required to move a unit
charge from one end to another end of a circuit element.
(xii) The current from the outlet of a phone charger is ------ current.
(xiii) An ------, one of the most widely used in optoelectronics, is a
semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it.
(xiv) An ------ gate is a digital logic gate that outputs a high (1) signal only when
all its inputs are high (1).
(xv) In gamma decay, the atomic number and mass number of the ------ and
daughter nuclei remain unchanged.
3. Choose the correct answer from the following. (15-marks)
(i) A ball attached to a string is whirled around a vertical circle. At the bottom
of the arc, ------.
(A. it has no net force, B. it has a net force acting upward,
C. it has a net force acting downward)
(ii) Which of the following is the SI unit of surface tension?
(A. newton (N), B. joule (J), C. newton per metre (Nm-¹))
(iii) Which of the following energy sources is considered a renewable energy
source?
(A. Coal, B. Natural gas, C. Wind)
(iv) Which of the following fields is primarily concerned with the study of
systems involving energy in the form of heat and work?
(A. Thermodynamics, B. Optics, C. Electrostatics)
(v) What does audibility refer to?
(A. The quality of being able to be heard, B. The loudness of
a sound, C. The frequency of a sound wave)
(vi) Which part of the eye functions similarly to the aperture in a camera,
controlling the amount of light that enters the eye?
(A. Cornea, B. Lens, C. Iris) No answer

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 30 -
(vii) What does monochromatic light refer to?
(A. Light of various wavelengths, B. Light of a single wavelength or
colour, C. Light with no polarization)
(viii) By what percentage does the capacitance change when the distance
between the two parallel of a capacitor is doubled?
(Α. 25%, Β. 50%, С. 75%)
(ix) What does changing the charge on a capacitor primarily affect?
(A. Capacitance, B. Voltage, C. Resistance)
(x) Which of the following statements is correct regarding most sources of
electromotive force (EMF)?
(A. EMF sources have no internal resistance., B. EMF sources have
internal resistance., C. EMF sources have no internal capacitance.)
(xi) In what year did Joseph Henry and Michel Faraday make their independent
discoveries related to electric current and magnetic fields?
(Α. 1813, Β. 1831, С. 1850)
(xii) Why is AC preferred over DC for long-distance power distribution of
electrical power?
(A. Bigger inductors, B. Lower energy losses, C. Thinner conductors)
(xiii) What is the main function of NOT gate in digital logic?
(A. Performs the digital AND operation, B. Inverts the input signal,
C. Executes addition)
(xiv) What is emitted during beta decay?
(A. Alpha particle, B. Neutrino, C. Beta particle)
(xv) What defines nuclear fission?
(A. Fusion of atomic nuclei, B. Splitting of atomic nuclei into smaller parts,
C. Combining of photons and neutrons)
SECTION ( B )
(Answer Four questions)
4. (a) Differentiate between circular motion and rotational motion in Physics, (7-marks)
providing an example for each type of motion.
Water runs into a fountain, filling all the pipes, at a steady rate of 0.80
m3 s-1. How fast will it shoot out of a hole 4.5 cm in diameter?

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 31 -
(b) Does the photoelectric effect involve changes in frequency or wavelength (8-marks)
of the waves? What specific effect is related to the change in frequency
heard as a car, while sounding its horn, approaches and then moves away
from an observer?
Find the change in internal energy of one mole of an ideal gas when its
temperature changes from 0℃ to 50℃. (R = 8.3143 J mol-1 K-1)
5. (a) What exactly is a solar cell, and how does it work to produce electricity (7-marks)
from sunlight?
Determine the input power of the wind if the wind speed is 10 m s -1 and
blade length is 20 m. Density of air is 1.3 kg m -3.
(b) What effect does an increase in light intensity have on the resistance of a (8-marks)
light dependent resistor (LDR)? Is LDR also called light sensitive variable
resistor? Is an LDR composed of semiconductor materials? Provide a
circuit symbol illustrating the configuration of LDR.
6. (a) Identify three distinguished types of capacitors. What potential difference (7-marks)
must be applied across a 20 F capacitor if it is to have an energy content
of 1 J?
(b) Create a diagram illustrating the symbol used to represent a transformer in (8-marks)
an electronic circuit and label its key components.
A step-down transformer is used to light a 12 V, 24 W lamp from the 220
V mains. The current through the primary is 125 mA. What is the efficiency
of the transformer?
7. (a) Describe a comparison between Einstein’s Special and General Relativity (7-marks)
theories, focusing two key points.
Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a 0.65 kg basketball thrown at a
speed of 20 m s-1. (h = 6.625 × 10−34 Js)
(b) Sketch a diagram illustrating the directions of centripetal force, centripetal (8-marks)
acceleration and linear velocity in uniform circular motion.
In a laser unit, laser beam of wavelength 6328 Å is emitted. How many
photons are released per second if the output power is 1 mW?
(h = 6.625 × 10−34 J s, c = 3 × 108 m s-1)

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 32 -
8. (a) Name three machines or systems in which centrifugal force is noticeable. (7-marks)
Draw a diagram demonstrating how a moving magnet induces current
nearby coil. Include key elements and direction indicators.
(b) How would you differentiate between interference and diffraction of light (8-marks)
in the context of light?
Suppose there was 8 g of radon at t = 0 and its half-life is 3.8 days. How
much would be left after 7.6 days.
9. (a) What are the advantages of connecting batteries in a series aiding (7-marks)
configuration? Draw the circuit diagram illustrating the fire alarm system.
(b) List four essential components required for a basic radio receiver. (8-marks)
If a 1200 W electric iron is used for 1 h, by how many units does the
electricity meter reading increased? Calculate the payment if one unit of
electricity costs 35 kyats.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 33 -
1. (i) True (vi) True 10
(ii) False (vii) True
(iii) False (viii) True
(iv) True (ix) False
(v) True (x) False
2. (i) Centrifugal (vi) light (xi) energy 15
(ii) Gas/ Vapour (vii) phase (xii) DC/ direct
(iii) electrical (viii) Resistor (xiii) LED
(iv) mode (ix) charge (xiv) AND
(v) watt (x) circuit (xv) parent
3. (i) B (vi) pupil (xi) B 15
(ii) C (vii) B (xii) B
(iii) C (viii) B (xiii) B
(iv) A (ix) B (xiv) B/ C
(v) A (x) B (xv) B
4. (a) In circular motion, the object just moves in a circle. 7
Eg. artificial satellites going around the earth at a constant height.
In rotational motion, the object rotates about an axis.
Eg. The rotation of the earth about its own axis which creates the cycle of day and
night.
Motion of the blades of a fan.
Motion of a Ferris wheel in an amusement park
V
Volume flow rate, = 0.80 m3 s-1
t

Diameter of a hole, d = 4.5 cm

4.5 cm
Radius of the hole, r = = 2.25 cm = 2.25 × 10−2 m
2

Area of hole, A = π 𝑟 2 = 3.142 × (2.25 × 10−2 )2 m2

v = ?
V
t
= Av
0.8 = 3.142 × (2.25 × 10−2 )2 v
0.8
3.142 × (2.25 × 10−2 )2
= v

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 34 -
v = 502.94 m s-1
4. (b) Yes, 8
Doppler effect is related to the change in frequency heard as a car, while sounding
its horn, approaches and then moves away from an observer.
∆U = ? n = 1 mole, Ti = 0℃ , Tf = 50℃ ,
∆T = Tf – Ti = 50 – 0 = 50℃ = 50 K
R = 8.3143 J mol-1 K-1
Change in internal energy
3
∆U = n R ∆T
2
3
= × 1 × 8.3143 × 50
2

= + 623.57 J (increase in internal energy)

5. (a) A solar cell (also known as a photovoltaic cell) is defined as an electrical device 7
that converts light energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect.
The light energy, in the forms of photons, supplies sufficient energy to the junction
to create a number of electron-hole pairs. As a result, a current flow in the external
circuit connected to the p-n junction.
Wind speed, v = 10 m s-1 ,
Length of blade = radius of rotor surface area, r = 20 m,
𝜌 = 1.3 kg m-3 Input power, P = ?
Area of a wind turbine, A = 𝜋 r2 = 3.142 × 202 = 1256.8 m2
1
P = 𝜌 A v3
2
1
= × 1.3 × 1256.8 × 103
2

= 0.8169 × 106 W = 0.8169 MW

5. (b) An increase in light intensity on LDR decreases the resistance of the LDR. 8
Yes, LDR is also called light sensitive variable resistors because its resistance
depends on the intensity of light falling on its surface.
Yes, an LDR is composed of semiconductor materials.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 35 -
6. (a) Three distinguished types of capacitors are polarized capacitor, fixed capacitor, 7
variable capacitor.
C = 20 F = 20 × 10−6 F, W = 1 J, V=?
1 2
W = CV
2
2W
V2 = C
2 2×1
V = 20 × 10−6

V2 = 0.1 × 106
V = 316.23 V
6. (b) 8

Primary coil Secondary coil

Vp = 220 V Vs = 12 V
−3
Ip = 125 mA = 125 × 10 A P out = 24 W
Efficiency = ?
Input power, Pin = Vp I p
= 220 × 125 × 10−3
= 27.5 W
Output power
Efficiency = × 100%
Input power
24 W
= × 100%
27.5 W

= 87 %
7. (a) Special Relativity General Relativity 7
Published in 1905 Final form published in 1916
A theory of space-time A theory of gravity
Applies to observers moving at Applies to observers that are accelerating
constant speed (inertial frame) (non-inertial frame)
Most useful in the field of nuclear Most useful in the field of astrophysics
physics

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 36 -
Accepted quickly and put to Largely ignored until 1960 when new
practical use by nuclear physicists mathematical techniques made the
and quantum chemists. theory more accessible and astronomers
found some important applications.
(i) m = 0.65 kg, v = 20 m s-1, 𝜆 = ?, h = 6.625 × 10−34 J s
The de Broglie wavelength associated with basketball,
h h
λ = p
=
mv

6.625 ×10−34
λ = = 0.51 × 10−34 m
0.65×20

7. (b) 8

⃗⃗⃗⃗
FC = centripetal force
FC
𝑎C = centripetal acceleration
⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗ = linear velocity
v
v

P = 1 mW = 1 × 10−3 W = 1 × 10−3 J s-1,

𝜆 = 6328 Å = 6328 × 10−10 m,
h = 6.625 × 10−34 J s, c = 3 × 108 m s-1
number of photon per second = ?
hc
Energy of a photon, E =
λ
6.625 × 10−34 × 3 × 108
=
6328 × 10−10

= 3.14 × 10−19 J
Since the output power is 10−3 W, the output energy is 10−3 J per second.
Output energy per second
Number of photons per second = Energy of a photon

1 × 10−3
=
3.14 × 10−19

= 3.18 × 1015 photons

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 37 -
8. (a) Centrifuge, Centrifugal pump, Washing machine, Centrifugal governor 7

direction of movement coil

galvanometer

8. (b) Interference Diffraction 8

If there are two or more waves, the If there is only single wave, the
interference can occur. diffraction can occur.
In interference, the amplitudes of the In diffraction, the amplitude of the
waves will change. wave will not change.
In interference, the direction of the In diffraction, the direction of the wave
waves will not change. will change.
Initial amount = 8 g, half-life, T1⁄ = 3.8 days, (i) t = 7.6 days
2
time elasped 7.6
Number of half-life, n = = =2
half−life 3.8
1 n
Amount left after n half-life = ( ) × initial amount
2

1 2
Amount left after 7.6 days = ( ) ×8
2
1
= ×8
4

= 2g [OR]
N0 = 8 g, T1⁄ = 3.8 days, Nt = ?, (i) t = 7.6 days
2

By the exponential law of radioactive decay

Nt = N0 𝑒 (− 𝜆 𝑡 )
0.693
(− t)
Nt = N0 e
T1
⁄2

0.693 ×7.6
Nt = 8 e(− 3.8
)

= 2g
9. (a) The advantages of connecting batteries in a series aiding configuration are the 7
increase of resultant emf and the increase of electrical power supply.
U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)
 - 38 -
A
Smoke detector
P
Alarm
Heat detector
B

Q
Extinguisher

9. (b) Four essential components required for a basic radio receiver are 8
• antenna,
• tuner,
• rf (radio frequency) amplifier,
• diode detector,
• af (audio frequency) amplifier and
• speaker.
P = 1200 W, t = 1 h,
W=? payment for electricity = ?
𝑊
P = 𝑡

W = Pt
= 1200 × 1
1 k Wh
= 1200 Wh × = 1.2 k Wh
1000 Wh

1 unit of electricity = 1 kWh

Payment for 1 unit (1 k Wh) of electricity = 1.2 × 35 = 42 kyats
The electricity meter reading increases by 1 unit of electricity.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 39 -
2024 (SET – 3)
MATRICULATION EXAMINATION
DEPARTMENT OF MYANMAR EXAMINATIONS
PHYSICS Time Allowed: (3) Hours
WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN YOUR ANSWER BOOKLET
The symbols in this paper have their usual significance
SECTION (A)
(Answer ALL questions)
1. Are the following statements True (or) False? (10-marks)
(i) The tangential acceleration is present in nonuniform circular motion.
(ii) When a skater forms a circle, he has to lean outwards.
(iii) Fossil fuels are renewable sources of energy.
(iv) Heat radiation does not require a material medium.
(v) The intensity of an echo is less than that of the original sound.
(vi) Variable capacitor is used as tuning capacitor.
(vii) The practical unit of electrical energy is the joule.
(viii) A transformer is used to change the voltage of an alternating current.
(ix) LCDs consume much more power than LEDs and gas-plasma displays.
(x) Gamma rays can be deflected by electric and magnetic fields.
2. Fill in the blanks. (15-marks)
(i) A ------ body is a body that does not deform or change shape.
(ii) ------ and adhesion are two types of intermolecular forces.
(iii) Solar cells convert light energy into ------ energy.
(iv) Thermal equilibrium occurs when the systems are at the same ------.
(v) The speed of sound is ------ in solids than liquids and gases.
(vi) Human eye is more sensitive to ------ light compared to other colors.
(vii) Wavefront is always perpendicular to the direction of ------.
(viii) The SI unit of capacitance is ------.
(ix) If a 1200 W electric ion is used for 50 min, the electricity meter reading
increases by ------ unit.
(x) When a current flows through the nichrome coil of an electric stove, it
produces ------ energy.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 40 -
(xi) In the lighting circuit, the light bulbs are arranged in ------ across the main
line.
(xii) The magnitude of induced emf in a wire loop is directly proportional to
the rate of change of ------ through that loop.
(xiii) The photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts ------ into
electrical current.
(xiv) ------ is the process of recovering audio signal from modulated wave.
(xv) An alpha particle consists of two protons and ------ neutrons.
3. Choose the correct answer from the following. (15-marks)
(i) Centripetal force of ------ is required to move a body of mass 2 kg with a
speed of 1 m s-1 in a uniform circular motion of radius 5 m.
(Α. 1.2 Ν, Β. 1.3 N, C. 0.4 N)
(ii) The viscosity of liquids ------ with an increase in temperature.
(A. decreases, B. increases, C. remains
constant)
(iii) Biomass is renewable ------ material that comes from plants and animals.
(A. metallic, B. inorganic, C. organic)
(iv) ------ is the ratio of the total emissive power of an object to that of the
blackbody, at the same temperature and wavelength.
(A. Conductivity, B. Emissivity, C. Resistivity)
(v) The intensity of a sound wave is directly proportional to the square of the
------ of the wave.
(A. frequency, B. amplitude, C. wavelength)
(vi) ------ is the defect of vision in which distant objects are seen clearly, but
objects nearby are blurry.
(A. Farsightedness, B. Nearsightedness, C. Blindness)
(vii) Monochromatic light has a single ------.
(A. wavelength, B. amplitude, C. intensity)
(viii) Insulating materials have the dielectric constant values of ------.
(A. one, B. greater than one, C. less than one)
(ix) The equivalent capacitance ------ when the individual capacitors are
connected in series.
(A. increases, B. decreases, C. does not change)

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 41 -
(x) The heating element of an electric iron is controlled by a ------ that
switches the current on and off to maintain the selected temperature.
(A. capacitor, B. thermostat, C. resistor)
(xi) ------ is the rate of transfer of electrical energy.
(A. Electrical power, B. Electrical energy, C. Electromotive force)
(xii) What is the SI unit of magnetic flux density?
(A. weber, B. tesla, C. ampere per metre)
(xiii) What is the output of XNOR gate if both inputs are the same?
(A. 0, B. 2, C. 1)
(xiv) Time dilation becomes apparent especially as the speed of the system
approaches that of ----------
(A. light, B. sound, C. none of A and B)
(xv) The statement "radium has a half-life of 1620 years" means that if we start
with N0 atoms of radium, ------ will remain after 1620 years.
(A. N0/2 atoms, B. N0/4 atoms, C. N0/8 atoms)
SECTION ( B )
(Answer Four questions)
4. (a) How do you understand capillary action? What will happen to the rise of (7-marks)
liquid in a capillary tube if the radius of the tube is (i) increased and (ii)
decreased?
When a capillary tube stands upright in a beaker of water, the water rises h
in the tube. If the radius of the tube is 2 mm, contact angle is 35, density of
water is 1000 kg m-3 and surface tension is 0.072 N m-1, calculate h.
(b) Draw the optical features of the eye and label each part. (8-marks)
What frequency is received by a person watching an oncoming ambulance
moving at 110 km h-1 and emitting a steady 800 Hz sound from its siren?
The speed of sound on this day is 345 m s-1.
5. (a) How does the wind power incident on the rotor area of a wind turbine depend (7-marks)
on wind speed and rotor area? Theoretically, when wind speed doubles, how
many times will the wind power potential be increased?
The wind is blowing at 10 m s-1, how much total power produced by the
wind turbine if the blades are 45 m long? (𝜌air = 1.3 kg m-3)

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 42 -
(b) Why is LDR also called light sensitive variable resistors? How does its (8-marks)
resistance change (i) in the dark light and (ii) in the bright light?
What is thermistor? What is the main difference between the negative
temperature coefficient (NTC) and the positive temperature coefficient
(PTC) thermistors? Draw their characteristic curves.
6. (a) If an insulating material is inserted between the conductors of a capacitor in (7-marks)
a vacuum, does its capacitance increase or decrease? Explain.
The plates of a parallel-plate capacitor are 50 cm2 in area and 1 mm apart.
What is its capacitance? What is the charge on each plate when the capacitor
is connected to a 24 V battery? (𝜀0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2 N-1 m-2)
(b) Draw a simple circuit diagram of two batteries in series opposing connected (8-marks)
with an external resistor.
Two batteries each having an emf of 6 and an internal resistance of 0.5 Ω
are connected (i) in series and (ii) in parallel. Find the current in each case
when the batteries are connected to a 1 Ω resistor.
7. (a) Starting from the relation between the momentum p of a particle and its (7-marks)
associated wavelength 𝜆, obtain the de Broglie wavelength of a particle in
terms of its kinetic energy.
Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a nonrelativistic electron with a
kinetic energy of 1 eV.
(h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s, me = 9.1 × 10−31 kg, 1 eV = 1.6 × 10−19 J)
(b) Draw a diagram showing the directions of centripetal force, centripetal (8-marks)
acceleration and linear velocity of an object in uniform circular motion.
The filament of a 100 W electric bulb is made of tungsten. The emissivity
of tungsten is 0.3 and its length is 0.2 m. Find the diameter of the filament,
if its temperature is 3000 K when the bulb is switched on.
(𝜎 = 5.685 × 10-8 W m-2 K-4)
8. (a) Explain why there is tangential acceleration in addition to centripetal (7-marks)
acceleration in nonuniform circular motion.
Give graphical representations of the magnitude of (i) DC voltage and (ii)
AC voltage as a function of time.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 43 -
(b) What are the conditions for constructive interference and destructive (8-marks)
interference?
Calculate the relativistic factor 𝛾, for (i) a particle traveling at 99.7 % of the
speed of light and (ii) an object travelling 2 × 108 m s-1. (c = 3 × 108 m s-1)
9. (a) What is electromagnetic induction? State the methods by which an induced (7-marks)
emf can be produced in a coil.
Draw the circuit symbol of LED and its characteristic curves.
(b) Construct the truth tables to prove the following Boolean Algebra rules. (8-marks)
̅ B = A + B,
(i) A + A (ii) A + A B = A.
One coil of a transformer has 50 turns and the other coil has 1000 turns. The
alternating voltage of 220 V is applied to the primary. Find the alternating
voltage from the secondary when it is used as (i) a step-up transformer and
(ii) a step-down transformer.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 44 -
1. (i) True (vi) True 10
(ii) True (vii) False
(iii) False (viii) True
(iv) True (ix) False
(v) True (x) False
2. (i) rigid (vi) green (xi) parallel 15
(ii) Cohesion (vii) propagation (xii) magnetic flux
(iii) electrical (viii) farad (F) (xiii) light
(iv) temperature (ix) 1 (xiv) demodulation
(v) slower (x) heat (xv) two
3. (i) C (vi) A (xi) A 15
(ii) A (vii) A (xii) B
(iii) C (viii) B (xiii) C
(iv) A (ix) B (xiv) A
(v) B (x) B (xv) A
4. (a) Capillary action is defined as the spontaneous flow of a liquid into a narrow tube or 7
porous material.
(i) If the radius of the tube is increased, the rise of liquid in capillary tube will
decrease.
(ii) If the radius of the tube is decreased, the rise of liquid in capillary tube will
increase.
r = 2 mm = 2 × 10−3 m, 𝛾 = 0.072 N m-1 g = 9.8 m s-2
𝜃 = 35° , 𝜌 = 1000 kg m-3 h=?
2 𝛾 cos 𝜃 2 × 0.072 × cos 35°
h = = = 0.006 m (or) 6 mm
𝜌𝑔𝑟 1000 × 9.8 × 2 × 10−3

4. (b) 8

lens ciliary muscles

aqueous humour vitreous humour
pupil retina
iris
cornea optic nerve

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 45 -
For ambulance (source) For person (observer)
fs = 800 Hz fO = ?
-1
vs = 110 km h vo = 0 m s-1
km v = 345 m s-1
= 110
h
103 𝑚 1000 𝑚
= 110 = 110 = 30.56 m s-1
3600 𝑠 3600 𝑠

By Doppler equation,
v ± vO
fO = fs [ ]
v ± vs

Since the source moves towards the observer, - vs is used

v + vO
fO = fs [ ]
v − vs
345 + 0
fO = 800 [ ] = 877.75 Hz
345 − 30.56

5. (a) 1 7
Since, P = 𝜌 A v3
2

The wind power incident on the rotor area of a wind turbine is directly proportional
to the cubic of wind speed and the area of the rotor area.
Theoretically, when wind speed doubles, wind power potential increases by a factor
of eight.
Wind speed, v = 10 m s-1 ,
radius of rotor surface area, r = 45 m, 𝜌 = 1.3 kg m-3
power, P = ?
Area of a wind turbine, A = 𝜋 r2 = 3.142 × 452 m2
1
P = 𝜌 A v3
2
1
= × 1.3 × 3.142 × 452 × 103
2

= 4135657.5 W = 4.136 × 106 W = 4.136 MW

5. (b) LDR is also called light sensitive variable resistors because its resistance depends on 8
the intensity of light falling on its surface.
In the dark, the material of the disc has a relatively small number of free electrons in
it. And it becomes a poor conductor of electric current. So, its resistance is quite high.
In the bright light, more electrons escape from the atoms of the semiconductor. Since
there are more electrons to carry electric charge, it becomes a good conductor. Its
resistance is low.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 46 -
A thermistor is a temperature sensor that exhibits a large change in resistance
proportional to a change in temperature.
As the temperature increases, resistance of the NTC thermistor decreases.
As the temperature increases, resistance of the PTC thermistor increases.

Resistance R (Ω)

Temperature T (℃)

6. (a) For vacuum or air, 𝜅 = 1 and for other insulting material 𝜅 > 1. 7
𝐶
Since, 𝜅 = C = 𝜅 C0 and 𝜅 > 1, C > C0
𝐶0

𝜅 = dielectric constant of the insulating material

C = capacitance of a capacitor with an insulating material
C0 = capacitance of the capacitor with a vacuum
When an insulating material is inserted between the conductors of a capacitor in a
vacuum, its capacitance will increase.
[OR]
The capacitance will increase. The dielectric constant of an insulating material is
greater than that of vacuum (air).
A = 50 cm2 = 50 (10−2 m)2 = 50 × 10-4 m2 d = 1 mm = 1 × 10-3 m
V = 24 V, 𝜅=1 𝜀0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2 N-1 m-2
(i) C = ? (ii) Q = ?
𝜅 𝜀0 𝐴
C = 𝑑
1 × 8.85 × 10−12 × 50 × 10−4
=
1 × 10−3

= 44.25 × 10−12 F = 44.25 p F

Q
C =
V

Q = CV

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 47 -
= 44.25 × 10−12 × 24
= 1062 × 10−12 = 1.062 × 10−9 C = 1.062 n C
6. (b) R 8

if E1 E2 E1, r1 E2 r2

E1 = E2 = 6 V, r1 = r2 = 0.5 Ω, R = 1 Ω, I=?
R
When the batteries are connected in series,
𝐸1 + 𝐸2 I
In series aiding, I = 𝑅 + 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
6+6 12
= = =6A E1, r1 E2 r2
1+ 0.5 + 0.5 2
𝐸1 − 𝐸2 R
In series opposing, I = 𝑅 + 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
6−6 0
= = =0A
1+ 0.5 + 0.5 2

When the batteries are connected in Parallel, E1, r1 E2 r2

R
E1 = E2 = E = 6 V, r1 = r2 = r = 0.5 Ω
𝐸 E, r
I I2
I = 𝑅+
𝑟
2
I2
6 6 6
= 0.5 = 2.5 = = 4.8 A
1+ 1.25
2 2 E, r
1
7. (a) KE = m v 2 7
2
p2
=
2m

p = √2 m KE
h
λ =
p
h
λ =
√2 m KE

p = momentum of a particle,
λ = de Broglie wavelength,
KE = kinetic energy

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 48 -
KE = 1 eV = 1.6 × 10−19 J , m = 9.1 × 10−31 kg
The de Broglie wavelength associated with electron,
h
λ = √2 m KE
6.63 ×10−34
= = 1.23 × 10−9 m
√2 × 9.1 × 10−31 × 1.6 ×10−19

7. (b) 8
⃗⃗⃗⃗
FC = centripetal force
𝑎C = centripetal acceleration
⃗⃗⃗⃗ FC
⃗ = linear velocity
v
v

H = 100 W, e = 0.3, l = 0.2 m, T = 3000 K, d=?

𝜎 = 5.685 × 10-8 W m-2 K-4
Area of filament, A = 𝜋 d l
By rate of heat radiation,
Hrad = e 𝜎 A T4
Hrad = e 𝜎 𝜋 d l T4
Hrad
d = 𝑒 𝜎 𝜋 𝑙 𝑇4
100
= 0.3 × 5.685 × 10−8 × 3.142 × 0.2 × 30004

= 0.000115 = 1.153 × 10−4 m

8. (a) There is tangential acceleration in addition to centripetal acceleration in nonuniform 7
circular motion. It is because nonuniform circular motion is the motion that change
both magnitude and direction of linear velocity. The change in direction of linear
velocity produce centripetal acceleration and the change in magnitude of linear
velocity produce tangential acceleration.
voltage

0
time

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 49 -
8. (b) If the path difference is equal to an integral number of wavelengths (0, 𝜆, 2 𝜆, …,) 8
the waves will interfere constructively.
𝜆 3𝜆 5𝜆
If the path difference is equal to a half-integral number of wavelengths ( , , , …,)
2 2 2
the waves will interfere destructively.
v = 99.7% c = 0.997 c
1
𝛾 =
2
√1− v2
c
1 1
𝛾 = = = 12.92
c)2 √1− 0.9972
√1− (0.997
c2

v = 2 × 108 m s-1
1 1 1
𝛾 = = = = 1.34
2
√1− v2 ( 2 × 108 )2 ( 2 )2
c √1− √1−
( 3 × 108 )2 ( 3 )2

9. (a) A current flows through a loop of wire whenever there is a change in the magnetic 7
lines of force trough the loop. This phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction.
The methods by which an induced emf can be produced in a coil –
• switching the current in another coil near it ON and OFF,
• moving the current-carrying coil near it,
• moving the magnet near it,

anode cathode

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 50 -
9. (b) ̅B=A+B
(i) A + A 8

A B ̅
A ̅B
A ̅B
A+A A B A+B
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
(ii) A + A B = A

A B AB A + AB
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1
N1 = 50 turns, N2 = 1000 turns
Primary coil Secondary coil
Vp = 220 V Vs = ?
(i) As a step-up transformer, Ns > Np , Ns = 1000 turns, Np = 50 turns
Vs Ns
Vp
= Np
Vs 1000
220
= 50

Vs = 4400 V
(ii) As a step-down transformer, Ns < Np , Ns = 50 turns, Np = 1000 turns
Vs Ns
Vp
= Np
Vs 50
220
= 1000

Vs = 11 V

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 51 -
2024 (SET – 4)
MATRICULATION EXAMINATION
DEPARTMENT OF MYANMAR EXAMINATIONS
PHYSICS Time Allowed: (3) Hours
WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN YOUR ANSWER BOOKLET
The symbols in this paper have their usual significance
SECTION (A)
(Answer ALL questions)
1. Are the following statements True (or) False? (10-marks)
(i) In a uniform circular motion, the magnitude of the velocity remains
constant, but the direction of the velocity continuously changes.
(ii) Centripetal force is the force acting on an object in circular motion which
is directed towards the axis of rotation or centre of curvature.
(iii) Renewable energy sources do not pollute the environment.
(iv) Heat can transfer between two systems that are the same temperature.
(v) An echo is repetition of sound due to the vibration of sound.
(vi) A capacitor is an electrical device that stores electrical energy in the form
of a magnetic field.
(vii) Electromotive force (emf) is the amount of energy provided by the battery
per unit charge to move round the complete circuit.
(viii) The currents flow in little circles in the iron core are eddy currents.
(ix) Some active electrical components are transistors, LEDs and LDR.
(x) A nuclear reaction is a process in which a beta radiation penetrates into a
nucleus and changes its configuration.
2. Fill in the blanks. (15-marks)
(i) A ------ body is a body that does not deform or change shape.
(ii) Centrifugal force in a circular motion is not a ------ force.
(iii) ------ energy sources are continuously replenished by natural processes.
(iv) One of the basic requirements for heat transfer is the presence of a ------
difference.
(v) Heat ------ is a transfer of heat that does not require a material medium.
(vi) A camera is an ------ instrument that records an image of an object.
(vii) A wave front is a locus of all points having the same ------ in the wave.
(viii) Electrolytic capacitors use the oxide layer as the ------ material.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 52 -
(ix) The sources of electromotive force convert ------ from some other forms
into electrical form.
(x) Electrical ------ is the rate of transfer of electrical energy.
(xi) In the alternating current the direction of the flow of electrons changes ------.
(xii) Magnetic field strength and magnetic flux density are ------ quantities.
(xiii) The voltage drop across the zener diode always remains ------ irrespective
of the applied voltage.
(xiv) A thermistor is a temperature sensor that exhibits a large change in ------
proportional to a change in temperature.
(xv) The atomic number and mass number are ------ in the decay process.
3. Choose the correct answer from the following. (15-marks)
(i) Some of the examples of rotational motion are ------.
(A. motion of the fan blades, B. the moon orbiting the earth,
C. motion of the earth around the sun)
(ii) One of the centripetal forces is ------.
(A. nuclear force, B. tension force, C. deforming force)
(iii) Non-renewable energy resources include ------.
(A. coal, B. wind, C. solar)
(iv) In fluid, heat is mainly transferred by ------.
(A. conduction, B. convection, C. radiation)
(v) Reflection of sound obeys the laws of ------.
(A. reflection, B. refraction, C. emission)
(vi) A microscope uses lenses to make ------ images of objects.
(A. clear, B. reduced, C. enlarged)
(vii) Constructive interference has ------ intensity.
(A. minimum, B. maximum, C. normal)
(viii) Which capacitor is used as a tuning capacitor?
(A. Electrolytic capacitor, B. Ceramic capacitor, C. Variable capacitor)
(ix) In an electric generator, ------ energy is converted into electrical energy.
(A. mechanical, B. optical, C. thermal)
(x) The unit of electrical power P is ------.
(A. joule (J), B. watt (W), C. ampere (A))

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 53 -
(xi) ------ current is good in long distance distribution of electrical power.
(A. AC, B. DC, C. unidirectional)
(xii) Most generators give out ------.
(A. alternating current, B. direct current, C.-both current).
(xiii) ------ is used to control the brightness of the night lamp.
(A. LED, B. LDR, C. LCD)
(xiv) A photodiode converts ------ into electrical current.
(A. light, B. resistance, C. temperature)
(xv) ------ rays cannot be deflected by electric and magnetic fields.
(A. Gamma, B. Beta, C. Alpha)
SECTION ( B )
(Answer Four questions)
4. (a) Under what condition the angular acceleration of a rotating object is equal (7-marks)
to zero?
The Ferris wheel starts from rest and reaches an angular velocity of 1.5
rad s-1 over a 10 s period under the constant angular acceleration.
(i) Find the angular acceleration of the Ferris wheel.
(ii) How many revolutions does it make during 10 s?
(b) Draw the optical features of the eye. (8-marks)
A home requires 62 kWh of heat on a winter day to maintain a constant
indoor temperature of 20℃. Assume that the temperature of hot water
outlet is 60℃.
(i) How much collector surface area does it need for a solar heating
system that has a 20% efficiency?
(ii) How large does the storage tank have to be to provide this much
energy?
(The average solar radiation per day in winter is about 6.5 kWh m-2,
specific heat capacity of water, c = 4184 J kg-1 K-1)
5. (a) How does wind turbine generate electricity? (7-marks)
-1
Determine the input power of the wind if the wind speed is 20 m s and
blade length is 20 m. Density of air is 1.3 kg m -3.
(b) Describe the advantages of LED. (8-marks)
Draw the diagram of a simple LED indicator circuit.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 54 -
6. (a) When the charge on a capacitor is increased, does its capacitance increase? (7-marks)
Explain.
Find the capacitance that can be obtained by combining three 10 F
capacitors in all possible ways.
(b) Draw the circuit diagram for charging and discharging a capacitor. (8-marks)
A parallel-plate capacitor of capacitance ‘C’ is given the charge ‘Q’ and
then disconnected from the circuit. How much work is required to pull
apart the plates of this capacitor to twice their original separation?
7. (a) Describe the properties of gamma rays. (7-marks)
A radioisotope has a half-life of 20 min. If there is initially 102.4 g of this
isotope, how much time elapses for 12.8 g to be left?
(b) Draw the illustrating constant volume flow rate in a pipe. (8-marks)
A compound microscope consists of two thin lenses, an objective of focal
length 20 mm and an eyepiece of focal length 50 mm, placed 220 mm
apart. If the final image is viewed at infinity, calculate the distance of the
object from the objective.
8. (a) Define the laminar flow and turbulent flow. (7-marks)
Draw the simple transformer and its symbol.
(b) What are the differences between interference and diffraction? (8-marks)
The distance between two points, called the proper length L0 is 1 km. An
observer in motion with respect to the frame of reference of the two points
measures 0.8 km, which is L. What is the relative speed of the frame of
reference with respect to the observer?
9. (a) What is the difference between electromotive fore (emf) and potential (7-marks)
difference (voltage)?
Draw the characteristics of a zener diode and its circuit symbol.
(b) Give the formula for expressing De Morgan’s first theorem for two (8-marks)
variables and construct its truth table.
One coil of a transformer has 50 turns and the other coil has 1000 turns.
The alternating voltage of 220 V is applied to the primary. Find the
alternating voltage from the secondary when it is used as (i) a step-up
transformer and (ii) a step-down transformer.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 55 -
1. (i) True (vi) False 10
(ii) True (vii) True
(iii) True (viii) True
(iv) False (ix) False
(v) False (x) False
2. (i) rigid (vi) optical (xi) periodically 15
(ii) real (vii) phase (xii) vector
(iii) Renewable (viii) dielectric (xiii) constant
(iv) temperature (ix) energy (xiv) resistance
(v) radiation (x) power (xv) conserved
3. (i) A (vi) C (xi) A 15
(ii) B (vii) B (xii) A
(iii) A (viii) C (xiii) B
(iv) B (ix) A (xiv) A
(v) A (x) B (xv) A
4. (a) The angular acceleration of a rotating object is equal to zero when the object is 7
rotating with constant angular velocity. [OR]
ω − ω0 0
For constant angular velocity, ω = ω0 = constant, Since, 𝛼 = = =0
t t

𝜔0 = 0 (from rest), 𝜔 = 1.5 rad s-1 , t = 10 s

(i) 𝛼 = ? , (ii) 𝜃 = ?
ω − ω0
(i) 𝛼 = t
1.5 − 0 1.5
= =
10 10

𝛼 = 0.15 rad s-2

1
(ii) 𝜃 = 𝜔0 t + 𝛼 t2
2
1
= 0 + × 0.15 × 10 × 10
2

𝜃 = 7.5 rad
1 rev = 2𝜋 rad = 360°
1 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝜃 = 7.5 rad ×
2 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
7.5
= rev = 1.19 rev
2𝜋

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 56 -
4. (b) 8
lens ciliary muscles
aqueous humour vitreous humour
pupil retina
iris
cornea optic nerve

Required thermal energy = 62 kWh, Solar radiation = 6.5 kWh m -2

Efficiency of system = 20% = 0.2
Thermal energy
Efficinecy = Solar radiation

Thermal energy = Solar radiation × efficiency

= 6.5 kWh m-2 × 0.2
= 1.3 k Wh m-2
1.3 k Wh of thermal energy produced by 1 m 2 area
62 kWh of thermal energy = ?
62 kWh
= × 1 m2
1.3 kWh

Collector surface area = 47.69 ≈ 48 m2

Since 1 k Wh = 3.6 × 106 J
∆Q = 62 kWh = 62 × 3.6 × 106 J
∆T = 60 – 20 = 40℃ = 40 K
Specific heat capacity of water, c = 4184 J kg -1 K-1
∆Q = m c ∆T
∆Q
m = c ∆T
62 × 3.6 × 106
= = 1333.65 kg
4184 ×40

The volume of storage tank should be 1334 liters .

5. (a) In a wind turbine, wind first hits the blades of the turbine, causing them to rotate and 7
turn the turbine connected to them. That changes the kinetic energy to rotational
energy, by rotating a shaft which is connected to a generator, and thereby producing
electrical energy through electromagnetism.
Wind speed, v = 20 m s-1 ,
Length of blade = radius of rotor surface area, r = 20 m,

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 57 -
𝜌 = 1.3 kg m-3 Input power, P = ?
Area of a wind turbine, A = 𝜋 r2 = 3.142 × 202 = 1256.8 m2
1
P = 𝜌 A v3
2
1
= × 1.3 × 1256.8 × 203 = 6.535 × 106 W = 6.535 MW
2

5. (b) Advantages of LED 8

o Very low voltage (1 to 2 V) and current (5 to 20 mA) are enough to drive the
LED.
o Less power consumption (less than 150 mW)
o Fast action and no warmup time. (The response time is about 10 ns)
o Miniature in size and hence light weight.
o Long life span and ruggedness.
o More reliable, more efficient to use under cold temperature.

current limiting I
resistor R R

ED f

6. (a) No. When the charge on a capacitor is increased, the potential difference also 7
increases proportionally. Therefore, its capacitance is constant.
C1 = C2 = C3 = 10 F
When C1, C2 and C3 are connected in parallel
C = C1 + C2 + C3 = 10 + 10 + 10 = 30 F
When C1, C2 and C3 are connected in series
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝐶 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3
1 1 1 1 1+1+1 3
= + + = =
𝐶 10 10 10 10 10
10
C = = 3.33 F
3

When C1 and C2 are connected in parallel

Cp = C1 + C2 = 10 + 10 = 20 F
U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)
 - 58 -
When Cp and C3 are connected in series
1 1 1
= +
𝐶 𝐶𝑝 𝐶3
1 1 1 1+2 3
= + = =
𝐶 20 10 20 20
20
C = = 6.67 F
3

When C1 and C2 are connected in series

1 1 1
= +
𝐶𝑠 𝐶1 𝐶2
1 1 1 1+1 2
𝐶𝑠
= + = =
10 10 10 10
10
Cs = = 5 F
2

When Cs and C3 are connected in parallel

C = Cs + C3 = 5 + 10 = 15 F
6. (b) 8
S1 S2

0 C C
R (load)

d′ = 2 d ,
𝜅 𝜀0 𝐴 𝜅 𝜀0 𝐴
C= , C′ =
𝑑 d′
𝜅 𝜀0 𝐴
C′ = 2𝑑
′ 1 𝜅 𝜀0 𝐴
C = 2 𝑑
′ 1
C = 2
C
1 𝑄2 1 𝑄2
W= W′ = disconnected from the circuit, Q = constant
2 𝐶 2 𝐶′
1 𝑄2
W′ = 2 1C
2

′ 𝑄2
W =
𝐶′
𝑄2 1 𝑄2 1 𝑄2
Required work = W′ - W = - =
𝐶′ 2 𝐶 2 𝐶

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 59 -
7. (a) • Gamma rays cannot be deflected by electric and magnetic fields. 7
• Gamma rays are the least ionizing of the three rays.
• Gamma rays are the most penetrating of the three rays.
• Intensity of gamma rays can be greatly reduced by several centimetres of lead
but they are never completely stopped.
T1⁄ = 20 min, N0 = 102.4 g, Nt = 12.8 g, t=?
2

By the exponential law of radioactive decay

Nt = N0 𝑒 (− 𝜆 𝑡 )
0.693
(− t)
= N0 e
T1
⁄2

0.693
12.8 = 102.4 e(− 20
t)

0.693
0.125 = e(− 20
t)

0.693
ln 0.125 = ln e(− 20
t)

0.693
ln 0.125 = − t
20
− 20
t = ln 0.125 ( ) = 60 min = 1 h
0.693

7. (b) section 2 8
section 1 v2
A2

v1
A1 ∆ x2

∆ x1
Objective lens Eyepiece lens
fo = 20 mm fe = 50 mm
uo = ? ve = ∞
L = 220 mm
When the final image 𝐼2 𝐼2′ is formed at infinity from the eyepiece lens. The first
image 𝐼1 𝐼1′ must be at the focus of the eyepiece.
Since, ve = ∞, ue = fe = 50 mm
L = vo + ue
220 = vo + 50

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 60 -
vo = + 170 mm (real image)
Using lens formula,
1 1 1
= + (For objective lens)
fO uO vO
1 1 1
= +
20 u𝑜 170
1 1 1
u𝑜
= -
20 170
1
u𝑜
= 0.044
uo = + 22.67 mm
The object must be placed 22.67 mm from the objective lens.
8. (a) If fluid particles are moving steady in smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving 7
smoothly past the adjacent layers with no mixing; such a flow is called laminar flow.
In this steady laminar flow, streamlines do not cross each other and every fluid
particle arriving at a given point has the same velocity.
If the flow or path of the fluid particles are irregular, their direction is always
changing or whirling; this fluid movement is called turbulent flow.
In turbulent flow, the speed of the fluid at a point is continuously undergoing changes
in both magnitude and direction.

8. (b) Interference Diffraction 8

If there are two or more waves, the If there is only single wave, the
interference can occur. diffraction can occur.
In interference, the amplitudes of the In diffraction, the amplitude of the wave
waves will change. will not change.
In interference, the direction of the In diffraction, the direction of the wave
waves will not change. will change.

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 61 -
L0 = 1 km = 103 m , L = 0.8 km = 0.8 × 103 m, v=?
L0
L = γ

= L0
1
2
√1− v
c2

v2
L = L0 √1 −
c2

L v2
L0
= √1 −
c2

L 2 v2
( ) = 1−
L0 c2

v2 L 2
= 1-( )
c2 L0
2
0.8 × 103
= 1-( )
103
v2
= 0.36
c2
v
c
= 0.6
v = 0.6 c = 0.6 × 3 × 108 = 1.8 × 108 m s-1
9. (a) Electromotive force (emf) is amount of energy provided by the battery per unit 7
charge to move round the complete circuit.
The potential difference or voltage is the amount of energy required to move a unit
charge from one end to another end of a circuit element.
9. (b) De Morgan’s first theorem, 8
̅̅̅̅ ̅+B
AB = A ̅

Input Output
A B ̅̅̅̅
AB ̅+B
A ̅
0 0 1 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 62 -
N1 = 50 turns, N2 = 1000 turns
Primary coil Secondary coil
Vp = 220 V Vs = ?
(i) As a step-up transformer, Ns > Np , Ns = 1000 turns, Np = 50 turns
Vs Ns
Vp
= Np
Vs 1000
220
= 50

Vs = 4400 V
(ii) As a step-down transformer, Ns < Np , Ns = 50 turns, Np = 1000 turns
Vs Ns
Vp
= Np
Vs 50
220
= 1000

Vs = 11 V

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 63 -
2024 Physics (MDY, YGN)
Calculations
4. (a) Ch – 2 eg.2
4. (b) Ch – 7 No.11
5. (a) Ch – 4 Rev.8
6. (a) Ch – 10 eg.1
6. (b) Ch – 11 eg.2
7. (a) Ch – 13 eg.2
7. (b) Ch – 8 No.6
8. (b) Ch – 13 No.14
9. (b) Ch – 9 No.14
Conceptual questions
4. (a) Ch – 1 Rev.1 + Rev.3
5. (a) Ch – 4 Rev.2 + note
5. (b) Ch – 12 AM, FM (def) + compassion table
6. (a) Ch – 10 eg.3 + No.10
7. (a) Ch – 13 No.9 (def) + No.11
8. (a) Ch – 3 Rev.3 + Rev.4 + Rev.12
8. (b) Ch – 6 usage of Doppler effect +
Doppler effect (def) + equation
9. (a) Ch – 11 Rev.5 + Rev.6 + Faraday’s law (def)
9. (b) Ch – 12 Rev.7 (def) + concept
Figures
4. (b) Ch – 5 No.20
5. (b) Ch – 12 symbols of LED + characteristic curve
6. (b) Ch – 11 AC + DC voltage graph
7. (b) Ch – 1
8. (a) Ch – 9 charging & discharging circuit + graph
9. (a) Ch – 12 No.8

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)

 - 64 -
Chapter calculations concept figures definitions
1 2 3
2 1
3 3
4 1 2
5 1
6 2 1
7 1
8 1
9 1 2
10 1 2
11 1 2 2 1
12 3 3 3
13 2 2 1
9 18 11 6

U Thiha Kyaw M.Sc. (physics)