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LAB2

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18 views11 pages

LAB2

cisco -lab

Uploaded by

ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CSS329 – Data Communications and Computer Networks Lab 2

Lab 2
PC Network TCP/IP Configuration

Computer Sciences and Information Systems

Najran University

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CSS329 – Data Communications and Computer Networks Lab 2

PC Network TCP/IP Configuration


Objective
The purpose of this session is to gather network information (IP address, MAC address…
etc), learn to use the TCP/IP Packet Internet Groper (ping) command, and learn to use the
Traceroute command from the workstation. You will also be able to observe name resolution
occurrences using DNS servers.

Introduction
An IP address is a unique network layer numbering system that end systems
use in order to identify and communicate with each other. It is a dotted decimal notation with
four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by periods. The numbers currently used in IP
addresses range from 1.0.0.0 to 255. 255. 255. 255, though some of these values are reserved for
specific purposes. The decimals represent Octets of the bits in the binary representation of the IP
addresses. For example, 255 is equal to 28 and represents 11111111. This does not provide
enough possibilities for every Internet device to have its own permanent number. Subnet routing
is one of the methods currently in practice to allow LANs to use the same IP address as other
networks elsewhere, though both are connected to the Internet.

A Subnet (short for subnetwork) is a division of the network that is identified by a subnet
mask. A subnet mask is an IP address that is used to tell how many bits in an Octet(s) identify
the subnet and how many bits provide room for host addresses. For example, the Subnet Mask
255. 255. 255.0 tells that the first 24 bits represent the subnet, while the rest 8 bits identify the
hosts in the subnet.

A default gateway is a node on a computer network that serves as an access


device to another network. The default gateway address is usually (and applies
to this lab) an interface belonging to the LAN’s border router.

This lab is a non-destructive lab and can be done on any machine without concern of
changing the system configuration. It should be performed in a classroom (or other LAN
environment) that connects to the Internet so that the computer that you use has an IP address.

Packet Internet Groper (ping) command is used to provide a basic test of whether a
particular host is operating properly and is reachable on the network from the testing host. It
provides estimates of round trip time and packet loss rate between hosts.

The traceroute (tracert) traces all the routers that a network layer packet has to pass
through to get to a destination.

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CSS329 – Data Communications and Computer Networks Lab 2

Preparation

A workstation connected to the internet is required.

Experiment
1. Verify the connectivity of your workstation to the internet.

2. Open the Command Prompt of the operating system using either of the following methods:
 Click on Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt or
 Click on Start > Run, enter cmd (short for command) and click on ok. A Command
Prompt screen should open.

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CSS329 – Data Communications and Computer Networks Lab 2

3. Gather TCP/IP configuration information:


Type ipconfig (short for IP configuration) and press Enter. The screen will show the IP address,
subnet mask, and default gateway for your computer’s connection. Notice the values in the
Command Prompt. The IP address and the default gateway should be in the same network or
subnet, otherwise this host would not be able to communicate outside the network. In Fig. 3, the
subnet mask tells us that the first three octets of the IP address and the default gateway must be
the same in order to be in the same network.

Figure 3. The TCP/IP configuration information of a workstation

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CSS329 – Data Communications and Computer Networks Lab 2

4. Check more detailed TCP/IP configuration information:


Type ipconfig /all and press Enter. What are the DNS and DHCP server addresses? What are
their functions? What is the MAC of the network interface card?

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CSS329 – Data Communications and Computer Networks Lab 2

5. Ping the IP address of another computer. Note that for the ping and tracert
commands to work the PC firewalls have to be disabled. Why do you think
this is so?
Ask the IP address of the workstation that is being used by another group of
students. Then type ping, space, and the IP address that you received, then
press Enter. Notice the outputs.
Fig. 4 shows a successful result of a ping to a given IP address.

Figure 4. A successful result of a ping to a certain IP address

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CSS329 – Data Communications and Computer Networks Lab 2

6. Ping the IP address of the gateway router from the details that have been observed in the
output of step 4 above. If the ping is successful, it means that there is a physical connectivity to
the router on the local network and probably the rest of the world.

7. Ping the Loopback IP address of your computer. Type the following

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CSS329 – Data Communications and Computer Networks Lab 2

command: ping 127.0.0.1.


The IP address 127.0.0.1 is reserved for loopback testing. If the ping is
successful, then TCP/IP is properly installed and functioning on this
computer.

8. You can also ping using names like websites. Ping the IP address of the cisco website. Type
ping, space and www.cisco.com, then press Enter. Notice the outputs. A DNS server will
resolve the name to an IP address and the ping will be successful only in the existence of the
DNS server.

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CSS329 – Data Communications and Computer Networks Lab 2

9. Ping www.nu.eud.sa and observe the results. Is there a difference in time


between the results shown by pinging www.cisco.com and www.nu.eud.sa
If so why and if not why?

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CSS329 – Data Communications and Computer Networks Lab 2

10. Trace the route to the Cisco website. Type tracert www.cisco.com and press enter. In a
successful output, you will see listings of all routers the tracert requests had to pass through to
get to the destination.

Figure 5. A traceroute output

11. Trace the route to the website of the Najran University. Type tracert www.nu.edu.sa and
press enter. The output should take less.

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CSS329 – Data Communications and Computer Networks Lab 2

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