Scribd
Upload
15 views5 pages

Probability Sampling and Non Probability Sampling

Uploaded by

waqasbutter481
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views5 pages

Probability Sampling and Non Probability Sampling

Uploaded by

waqasbutter481
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Assignment of:

Basic Epidemiology

Submitted by:

Usama Rafiq

Submitted to:

Ma’am Safina

Registration no:

70110120

Department:

Public Health (semester 8th)

Date:13/08/2024.
Difference between probability and non probability.

What is Probability Sampling?

Probability sampling is a sampling strategy in which each member of a population has an


equal and known chance of being chosen. The goal of this approach is to get a representative
sample that correctly represents the makeup and features of the full population. Simple random
sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling and cluster sampling are the four main
methods of probability sampling.

What is Non-Probability Sampling?

On the other hand, non-probability sampling does not offer every individual an equal chance
of selection. Instead, elements are selected based on their accessibility or the researcher's
judgment. Convenience sampling, purposive sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling
are examples of non-probability sampling methods.

Difference between Probability Sampling and Non probability Sampling:

Probability Sampling Non-Probability Sampling

Based on random selection Based on non-random selection

Each member has a known chance of selection Unequal chance of selection

Enables statistical inference Limited statistical inference

Provides unbiased estimates Potential for bias in estimates

Uses random sampling techniques Uses non-random sampling techniques

Requires sampling frame Sampling frame might not be necessary

Representative of the population Might not represent the entire population

Allows for calculation of sampling error Sampling error calculation might not be
straightforward
Examples: Simple Random, Systematic, Examples: Convenience, Judgmental, Quota
Stratified sampling sampling
High external validity Limited external validity

Time-consuming and costly Generally quicker and more cost-effective

Complex analysis due to known probabilities Simplified analysis due to unknown or varying
probabilities
Appropriate for large populations Suitable for smaller populations

Provides a more objective selection process Subjective selection process

Minimizes researcher bias Researcher bias might impact sample selection

Requires a random number generator No need for a random number generator

Examples: Random Cluster, Systematic, Examples: Convenience, Judgmental, Snowball


Stratified sampling sampling
Less room for researcher manipulation More room for researcher manipulation

Clear inclusion and exclusion criteria Criteria might not be clearly defined

Generalizability of results Limited generalizability of results

Well-defined sampling process Sampling process might not be well-defined

Common in quantitative research Common in exploratory or qualitative research

Requires a sampling plan Sampling plan might not be necessary

Strengthens statistical validity Weaker statistical validity

Higher chance of sample being representative Sample might not accurately represent the
population
Examples: Simple Random, Stratified, Cluster Examples: Convenience, Snowball, Purposive
sampling sampling
Randomization reduces bias Potential bias due to non-randomization

Appropriate for hypothesis testing Less suitable for hypothesis testing

Allows for margin of error calculation Margin of error calculation might not be
applicable

Write examples of Non-random sampling:

Non-random sampling methods, also known as non-probability sampling methods, involve


selecting samples based on subjective judgment rather than random selection. Here are some
examples:

1. Convenience Sampling

 Example: A researcher stands outside a shopping mall and interviews the first 50 people
who pass by. This method is chosen because it is easy and quick, but it may not represent
the broader population.

2. Purposive (Judgmental) Sampling

 Example: A researcher studying the impact of a specific drug selects only patients who
have been taking the drug for more than six months. The sample is chosen based on the
specific characteristics relevant to the study.

3. Quota Sampling

 Example: A market researcher needs to interview 100 people, with 50 males and 50
females. The researcher continues interviewing until the quota for each group is met,
regardless of how the participants are chosen.

4. Snowball Sampling

 Example: In a study on homelessness, a researcher starts by interviewing a few known


homeless individuals and then asks them to refer others who are also homeless. The
sample grows like a "snowball" through referrals.
5. Judgmental Sampling

 Example: A teacher wants to evaluate the effectiveness of a new teaching method and
selects the top-performing students in the class to test it. The selection is based on the
teacher's judgment rather than random selection.

6. Voluntary Sampling

 Example: An online survey about customer satisfaction is posted on a company's website,


and only those who visit the website and choose to participate are included in the study.
This method relies on participants' willingness to respond.

You might also like