LIFE IN MADINAH

1 YEAR OF HIJRAT
ST

MAIN EVENTS
A) Construction of mosque and arrangement for Azan (the call for prayers)
B) Settlement of Mahajireen (Establishment of brotherhood / Mawakhat)
C) Treaty with the Jews (Charter of Madinah)

CONSTRUCTION OF MOSQUE AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR AZAN (THE CALL FOR PRAYERS)

Q. Explain why the Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) decided to construct a mosque in Madinah.
 Muslims were free to practice their religion in Madinahso a place for congregational worship was needed.
Thus, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) decided to construct a mosque in Madinah.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) wanted to use this mosque to educate the people about Islam.
 Muslims did not have a community hall in Madinah where they could discuss matters and affairs of different
sorts so a mosque was constructed as a community center.
 There were many people who would come to Madinah to learn about Islam. A place was needed to
accommodate them during their stay in Madinah.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) used to do everything that was willed by Almighty Allah. In this way, the
construction of the mosque was also a divine order.

Q. Describe the importance of the mosque of the Holy Prophet (PBUH).

What is the significance of the Prophet establishing mosques as a first task after the hijra? [4]
Why was it significant that one of the Prophet’s first tasks was to construct mosques at Quba and
Madina? [4]
 Muslims now had a place for congregational worship.
 This mosque served as an educational center as there was a corner call “Suffah” reserved for this purpose.
 This served as a community center where all the matters of importance were discussed.
 This also proved to be a military center as all the planning for battles took place in this mosque.
 Through the construction of this mosque, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was able to teach the lesson of dignity of
labor by himself participating in the construction process.
 This mosque also had the house of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) attached to it.
 This mosque has been referred to in Quran as the second most sacred place on earth.

SETTLEMENT OF MAHAJIREEN
Qs. Explain why the Holy Prophet (PBUH) created brotherhood / Mawakhat among the Muslims.
 The emigrants from Makkah had brought nothing with them and needed support to start their living in a new
city in a modest way without losing self respect
 It was necessary to create unity among the Muslims by removing the discrimination as to who had migrated
from Makkah and who the residents of Madinah were.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) wanted to reduce the economic inequalities which were likely to exist between the
two groups of Muslims.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) wanted to set an example for all the Muslim leaders to come as to how they should
rule their people by establishing a bond of brotherhood among them.

Qs. Describe the importance of Mawakhat.

 Unity between Muslims increased as Muslims no more discriminated each other on the basis of being
Makkans or being Madinates.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was able to set an example of how leaders should create a bond of brotherhood
among the people they rule.
 It was through this mawakhat that the economic inequalities were reduced among the Muslims.
 Muslims of Makkah were able to bring about some sense of settlement after migrating to Yasrab with almost
nothing in their hands.

Q What lessons can Muslims learn from the brotherhood that was created in Madina? [4]

 Muslims are expected to live as brothers genuinely interested in the welfare of each other.
 Muslims need to be ready to make sacrifices for their Muslim brothers in all conditions.
 Muslims should work towards establishing united societies that run on mutual cooprtaion instead of
competition.
 Muslims should work towards better distribution of wealth to eliminate class differences.
 The differences of skin colour, social status, nationalities should hold no importance. Islamic society should be
free of any form of discrimination.
 They should welcome their Muslim brothers who are living under difficult conditions in other countries. The
refugees should welcome with open hearts.
 Refugees should not be kep in isolated refigee camps. Effort should be made to accommodate and integrate
them in the society of the host countries.

Q How can Muslims apply the Prophet Muhammad’s example of compassion when building
community relations? [4]
  Points in the above answer should be written down by giving references of emigrants from today’s world like
refugees from Afghanistan to Pakistan, the Rohhinga Muslims from Burma, Muslims from war struck country
of Syria, Muslims from Kashmir etc

TREATY WITH THE JEWS.

Qs. Explain why the Holy prophet (PBUH) signed treaty with the Jews (Charter of Madinah).
 Muslims had migrated from Makkah mainly due to persecution at the hands of the Quraish. The Prophet
(PBUH) signed the treaty with the Jews to prevent the rise of hostilities in Madinah.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) had also signed the treaty with the Jews to ensure political and military cooperation
by forming alliance with the Jews against any attack on the Muslims by their enemies.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) also wanted to set and example for the Muslim leaders as to how they should try to
maintain cordial relations with the non-Muslilms living in an Islamic state.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) had signed the treaty with the Jews because the Jews had also shown willingness to
sign a treaty which granted them complete religious freedom and support.

Qs. Describe the importance of the treaty with the Jews (Charter of Madinah).
 Muslims were able to prevent hostilities from the Jews for some time. Though the Jews had turned hostile
within an year, the treaty had given Muslims enough time to settle in Madinah.
 It was through this treaty that Muslims got some hope for support against the Quraish as the treaty stated
that the Jews and Muslims would work together to defend Madinah in case of any attack.
 The treaty also raised the status of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) as he was recognized to be an undisputed leader
not only by the Muslims but also by the Jews.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was able to set an example for the leaders of the Muslim community as to how they
should treat the non-Muslims living in their country giving them complete freedom of religion.

Q Write about the Prophet Muhammad’s interaction with non-Muslims in Madina. [10]

By referring to the Treaty of Madina, describe the relationship between the Muslims and the non-
Muslims when the Prophet (pbuh) first arrived. [10]

 Upon arriving in Madina, the prophet entered into a treaty with the main non Muslim community living in
Madina i.e. the three tribes of Jews.
 The Treaty with the Jew/ Charter of Madinah included the following:
1. Determining the rights and responsibilities of the local population as well as the immigrants from
Makkah
2. Making agreements with the non-Muslim population of Madinah, especially the Jews, to ensure peace
and harmony
3. Creating a strategy and plan to defend the city against invasions
4. Making resources available for the immigrants to make a living

 The salient features of this charter include:

1. All parties included in the charter, i.e. Muslims, people of the book (Jews and Christians) and pagans,
had freedom to practice their religion
2. All citizens of the state had equal rights and responsibilities and were protected against excess and
oppression
3. A system of financial aid was developed within each tribe and between tribes. Communal funds were
set up which were used in times of financial need such as to pay ransom or blood-money
4. In the event of a war or hostile attack from outsiders on one tribe, all tribes of Madinah (signatories of
the charter) were required to come to the aid of the defending tribe
5. In the event of a dispute among the signatories, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was the final authority for
settling the dispute
6. The Quraysh of Makkah were to be boycotted commercially by all signatories and nobody was to
extend any support to them.

 The Prophet pbuh tried to keep the relationship healthy since the start. He clearly communicated the
following things that would guide the Muslims’ conduct towards non Muslims in their state.
1. The Prophet pbuh gave the non Muslims equal citizenship rights. They were not treated as inferiors.
2. They had complete freedom to follow and preach their religion as long as they did not interefere with
Muslims’ beliefs and practices.
3. The non Muslims were to be allies not enemies as long as they did not harm the Muslims’ interest in
general.
 The non Muslims were provided with
1. Cultural freedom
2. Social and legal equality
3. No discrimination
  The Prophet generally ignored the activities of the non Muslims even if they collided with the Muslim interest
like he initially ignored the Jews attempts to maintain secret contacts with the Quraish of Makkah.
 The prophet only took action against the Jews when they compromised the Muslims’ interest to a dangerous
extent. Actions against Banu Qainqa, Banu Nazir and Banu Quraiza should be cited here. Khyber expeditions
needs to be referred here.
 Even when dealing with Banu Quraiza, he followed their scripture and announced punishment for them as
given in the Old Testament
Q What can Muslims learn from this interaction? [4] Give reasons for your answer. [4]

How can Muslims now apply the lessons learnt from the Prophet’s interaction with non-Muslims?
[4]

 For each of the lesson, make reference to what the Prophet did in this regard
 Religious and cultural freedom to non Muslims
 Providing social and legal justice
 Maintaining peace with them
 Treating them with fairness even in case of war

Q Write about the events of the first year following the Prophet’s arrival in Madina. [10]
 Construction of masjid e nabvi and the introduction of azaan
 Treaty with the Jews or Charter of Madinah
 Muwakhat

2nd YEAR OF HIJRAT

MAIN EVENTS
A) Few Specific Orders from Allah regarding fasting, Zakat, Qibla and Jihad
B) Battle of Badr
C) Dealing with the Jewish Tribe, Banu Quainuqa

A) The four important commandments of Allah that were given this year:
I) Fasting III) Change of Qiblah
II) Zakat IV) Permission to fight

B) Battle of Badr.
Q. Explain why the battle of Badr was fought or Why did the Quraish attack the Muslims in 2 A.H?

1. The Quraish were jealous of the growth of Islam and felt threatened by the Muslims on religious as well as
political front.
2. The Quraish were also upset to see the way in which the status of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) had been raised
as he had been recognized to be the undisputed leader of the people of Madinah.
3. The Quraish also wanted to destroy the first Islamic state in its initial stage.
4. The Makhans also wanted to punish the people of Madinah because they had given refuge to the people of
Makkah and had also refused to send them back when the Quraish demanded.
5. Madinah was situated on the trading route between Makkah and Syria. There was always a fear of attack on
trade caravans by the Muslims.
6. The Quraish also wanted to avenge the death of those Makkans who were killed by the Muslim patrolling
parties in the skirmishes that took place in the outskirts of Madinah.
7. Abu Sufian had also played an important role by inviting the Quraish army for safety of his trade caravan.

Q. What was the importance of the battle of Badr? [4]

How important was the outcome of this battle for the Prophet (pbuh) and his
followers? Give reasons for your answer. [4]
1. This battle is referred to in the Holy Quran as “Yaum-ul-Furqan” which means “the day of testing”.
2. It was through this battle that Allah showed how goodness would win against falsehood in spite of the
unfavorable circumstances.
3. The morale of the Muslim community was raised as they saw that Allah helped them when their enemy came
with a stronger force to fight against them.
4. The victory in this battle was very much important as defeat at this stage would have destroyed the Islamic
state in Madinah at its initial stage.
5. The battle was also important as the pride and prestige of the Quraish was hurt badly as they had been
defeated by a much smaller and weaker army.
6. The Quraish also suffered huge losses as many of their important leaders were killed in this battle.
7. The Muslims had a financial advantage as they were able to collect large amount of booty because the enemy
army had left many things in the battlefield while they ran from there.
8. The prisoners of war were benefited by the Muslims as they were told to earn their freedom by teaching
Muslims’ children for a fixed time period.
 9. The faith of Muslims in Allah became stronger.
10. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was able to set example for Muslim leaders concerning the conduct of war.
11. Many tribes that were living in the outskirts of Madinah saw a weaker Muslim army winning against a much
stronger army of the Quraish. They were impressed by it so much that they either accepted Islam or offered
to form alliance with the Muslims.

Q: The Battle of Badr took place in the second year after the hijra. Describe the main events of this
battle. [10]
Describe the events of the first battle in Islam, the Battle of Badr. [10]
Write an account of the battle of Badr. [10]

Ans Refer to Book for details

Q What lessons can Muslims learn from this battle?

1. They should trust Allah blindly under all circumstances

2. Help from Allah comes when they are struggling for the righteous cause
3. They should show brave behavior in difficult times.
4. They should use the available resources (however limited they maybe) to the best of their abilities.
5. They should be ready to make sacrifices (even of their lives) for the sake of Allah.
6. They should show readiness to undertake any task that Allah commands without fear.
7. They should struggle/ make the human effort without feeling concerned about failure.
8. They must believe that nothing is impossible for Allah.
9. They should contribute towards righteous state-organized jihad in person and in property.

Q. What lesson can Muslim leaders learn from the Prophet’s conduct in this battle? [4]

Can the Prophet’s conduct during this battle contain lessons for military leaders today?[4]

1. They should have trust in Allah.

2. They should not fear the difficult circumstances. They should behave bravely.
3. They should work towards uniting their people to face challenges.
4. They should lead their community by being on the front and become an observable example for their
followers.
5. They should properly organize their resources whether they are less or more.
6. They should continuously pray to Allah for help.
7. They should not behave proudly after winning.
8. They should treat the prisoners of war with humane attitude.
9. They should share the booty collected in a fair way.

Q: Can those involved in present day conflicts learn any lessons from the way the Prophet treated
prisoners after battles? [4]

1. Prisoners should be treated with kindness.

2. They should not be made slaves.
3. They should be given opportunities to buy their freedom by giving various alternatives (ransom/teaching
children for a specific time period)
4. The prisoners should be used to benefit the community.
5. They should be offered the faith the winning community believes in but they should not be forced to accept it.

C. Treatment of Banu Qainuqa

1. Banu Qainuqa was one of the three leading Jewish tribes living in Madina at the time the Prophet pbuh arrived
there.
2. A treaty was signed with the Jews in first year of Hijrat.
3. This tribe was first to break this treaty. They didn’t remain loyal to the terms in the signed treaty and began
involving in actitvites against the Muslims’ interests.
4. An event ultimately led to the expulsion of this tribe from Madinah.
5. When a Muslim woman visited a jeweler's shop in the Qaynuqa marketplace, she was molested. A Muslim
man killed the shopkeeper in retaliation. A mob of Jews from the Qaynuqa tribe then pounced on the Muslim
man and killed him.
6. This escalated to a chain of revenge killings, and enmity grew between Muslims and the Banu Qaynuqa.
7. Muhammad pbuh then besieged the Banu Qaynuqa for fourteen or fifteen days, according to ibn Hisham, after
which the tribe surrendered unconditionally
8. At the time of the siege, the Qaynuqa had a fighting force of 700 men, 400 of whom were armoured.
 9. After the surrender of Banu Qaynuqa, Abdullah ibn Ubayy, the chief of a section of the clan of Khazraj̲ pleaded
for them.
10. They were finally expelled from the city of Madinah.

3rd YEAR OF HIJRAT

Battle of Uhad

Q. Explain why the battle of Uhad was fought or Why did the Quraish attack the Muslims in 3 A.H?
1. The Quraish had been feeling threatened due to the growth of Islam politically as well as religiously.
2. The pride of Quraish was badly hurt in the battle of Badr as they had been defeated by a much smaller and
weaker army of the Muslims.
3. They were also determined to seek revenge due to the death of their various chiefs in the battle of Badr at
the hands of the Muslims.
4. The Quraish had been further instigated by the Jewish tribe of Banu Nazir whose leader, Ka’ab-bin-Ashraf had
visited the Makkans to mourn the death of those who were killed at Badr.

Q. What was the importance of the battle of Uhad?

1. This defeat made it clear to the Muslims that victory was not theirs by right and that they could not expect to
win every battle they fought.
2. This battle convinced Muslims that Allah supported them as long as they supported his cause. They saw with
their own eyes the victory change into defeat when they forgot the real reason for the battle and ran for the
booty.
3. They also realized one big mistake which they had committed by dropping their weapons when they heard
the rumor about the Holy Prophet’s death. They forgot that they were not only fighting for protecting the
Prophet but also for their faith.
4. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) had shown the greatest example of heroism by remaining steadfast in the
battlefield.
5. One big advantage: the hypocrites were identified easily from the true believers.
6. This battle also exposed the Jews as they did not support the Muslims. In fact, the tribe of Banu Nazir was
partly responsible for this war by provoking the Quraish.
7. There are more than 70 verses in the Holy Quran which talk about the experiences in this battle.

Q: The Battle of Uhud was fought in the year 625. Describe the main events of this battle. [10]

Ans: Refer to Book for details

Q What lesson can Muslims learn from the battle of Uhad?

Muslims should bravely face all difficulties without 700 Muslims in army and the Quraish had 3000
getting discouraged by unfavourable fighters
circumstances.
Muslims should follow the instructions of their 50 archers posted by the Prophet pbuh left their
leaders/ Prophet pbuh strictly. places and changed the entire scenario
Muslims should fight for the sake of Allah not for The idea to collect booty cast Muslims their victory.
any personal gain.
They should not have overconfidence. They should Besides having Allah’s mercy, their mistakes cost
know that their strategies combined with Allah’s them their victory.
mercy will lead them to success.
They should continue to struggle even after the The rumor of the Prophet’s death disappointed the
death of their leader. Muslims and they gave up fighting.

Q What lesson can Muslim leaders learn from the Prophet’s pbuh conduct during this battle?

The leaders muslt cobsult their people and go woth Prophet pbuh democratically agreed to the advice
the majority’s decision of fighting from outside the city whereas he himself
favoured the idea of fighting from within the city.
The leaders should continue the struggle despite Prophet carried on with the mission despite losing
unfavourable circumstances. 300 men led by Abdullah bin Ubbay.
The leaders should stay on the front and be an The Prophet pbuh fought along side the Muslims
example for his people. and not even gave up when he was injured.
The leaders must plan intelligently looking at the His strategy of posting 50 archers had helped them
circumstances. win in the initial phase.

Q Why is it important for Muslims to show obedience to God in difficult situations? [4]
  Without obedience to Allah, they cannot solve any difficulty fully.
 God’s help comes only to those who obey Him.
 Obedience to Allah makes a person brave, steadfast and firm in the face of difficulties because he becomes
confident that Allah will surely help him.
 This also saves a person from losing hope and fall in despair. Relate some examples of difficulties in our lives
like illness, examination etc.

4TH YEAR OF HIJRAT

Treatment of Jewish Tribe of Banu Nazir
1. When the Banu Qaynuqa broke the treaty and acted treacherously Muhammad pbuh expelled the tribe. The
Banu Nadir did not get involved,.
2. After the Battle of Badr, one of the Banu Nadir's chiefs Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, went to the Quraish in order to
lament the loss at Badr and to incite them to take up arms to regain lost honor,
3. Muhammad pbuh called upon his followers to kill Ka'b.
4. Muhammad ibn Maslama offered his services, collecting four others.
5. However, there did not seem to be any feeling of remorse or guilt from the Jews for having broken the treaty.
6. Muhammad pbuh besieged the Banu Nazir.
7. He ordered them to surrender their property and leave Medina within ten days.
8. The Nazir were forced to surrender after the siege had lasted for 14 days.
9. Under the conditions of surrender, the Banu Nadir could only take with them what they could carry on camels
with the exception of weapons]
10. The Banu Nadir left on 600 camels, parading through Medina to the music of pipes and tambourines
11. Muhammad pbuh divided their land between his companions who had emigrated with him from Mecca.
12. He reserved a share of the seized land for himself, which also made him financially independent.
13. Upon expulsion of the Banu Nadir, Muhammad is said to have received a revelation of the Surah al-Hashr.

5TH YEAR OF HIJRAT

Battle of Trench
Q. Explain why the battle of Trench was fought or Why did the Quraish attack the Muslims in 5 A.H?
1. The Quraish were shocked to see the quick recovery of the Muslims from the setback that they had
experienced in the battle of Uhad.
2. The Quraish always saw the growth of Islam to be a social, religious and economic threat to them.
3. The Jewish tribe of Banu Nazir which was exiled to Khyber requested for support and the Quraish agreed to
help them against the Muslims.
4. Some other tribes which were nursing grievances against the Muslims also agreed to support to attack the
Muslims. For this reason, this battle is known as the “Battle of Allies”.

Q. What was the importance of the battle of Trench?

1. The Muslims won this battle with the Divine help which taught them the lesson that help from Allah was to
come only when the Muslims fought for Allah.
2. The power and the prestige of the Quraish was destroyed completely as after this battle the Quraish never
made an offensive attack on the Muslims.
3. The Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) set the example of consulting his companions over important matters
as he had agreed to dig the trench at the advice of Hazrat Salman Farsi (R.A)
4. The Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) also showed that leaders were not different from common people as he
himself participated in the construction of the trench.
5. The neighboring tribes in Madinah were inspired by the victory of the Muslims and offered to form alliance
with them.
6. The pride and prestige of Muslims was restored after the setback that they had had in the battle of Uhad.
7. It was also in this battle that the Muslims were able to identify hypocrites among them.
8. Muslims were able to take decisive actions against the Jewish tribe of Banu Quraiza which had openly joined
the Quraish in the battle of Trench.
9. The Holy Quran contains several references about this battle.

Q Write about the battle of the Trench (Khandaq) fought in 627. [10]

Ans Refer to Book

Q What can Muslims learn from the Prophet’s involvement in the digging of the trench? [4]

1. The Prophet (pbuh) was the leader of the army and yet he took part in digging the trench, despite his severe
hunger. This teaches Muslims that no matter what their position, whether heads of state or community
leaders, they should take part in hard work required for the benefit of the community or others.
2. It also provides a lesson in patience and perseverance, and that God will help if you don’t give up.
 3. It also teaches humility, that you do not think yourself above certain types of work.
4. A leader should actively involve in all procedures to become an example for his people.

Q What lesson can Muslims learn from the battle of Trench?

Muslims should make collective effort for the benefit of Muslims dug the trench with collective effort.
the community.
Muslims should always remain wary of the presence of Many people proved to be hypocrites.
the hypocrites.
Muslim should have more trust on Allah than on their Banu Quraiza left them and joined the Quraish openly.
resources and allies.
Muslims must remember Allah all the time. Allah sent a storm to deal with the besieging forces of
Remembrance of Allah helps them in the face of the Quraish.
difficulties.
Hel from allah would come only when the Muslims are Allah’s help saved them from the enemy.
facing the enemy for the sake of Allah alone.

Q What lesson can Muslims leaders learn from the Prophet’s pbuh conduct during this battle?

A leader should not consider himself above his people. He actively participated in the digging of trench
He should work hard for the benefit of the community.
A leader should take advices from his followers and He readily accepted the advice of digging a trench as
accept the one that suits the situation. given by Hazrat Salman Farsi
A leader should show patience when difficult He patiently faced the difficult circumstances that the
circumstances befall the community. siege of Madinah entailed.
A leader should remain firm and determined under all He did not give up in the face of the difficulties.
circumstances.

6TH YEAR OF HIJRAT

Treaty of Hudaibiya
Q. Explain why the Holy Prophet (PBUH) Agreed to sign a treaty with Quraish.
1. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) had faced the Quraish 3 times in the battlefield. When the Quraish offered to sign a
treaty instead of fighting, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) agreed.
2. One of the terms of the treaty was that there would be no fighting between the Muslims and the Quraish in
the next 10 years. This period of peace was needed to spread Islam more effectively to areas outside Arabia.
3. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) wanted to set an example for the Muslim leaders that they should always try to
reduce their differences with enemy states through peaceful talks instead of restoring to violence.
4. Though the terms of the treaty were more favorable for the Quraish apparently, the Prophet (PBUH) agreed to
sign it because of his wisdom and foresight as he knew that the treaty would prove to be a victory for the
Muslims as it was later referred to in the Holy Quran also as a “manifest victory”.

Q. What was the importance of the Treaty of Hudaibiya?

What in your opinion were the benefits, if any, for the Muslims signing the Treaty of Hudaybiyya?
[4]

1. There was peace established between Makkah and in Madinah after three battles in the past. This period of
peace allowed the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to send the message of Islam outside Arabia.
2. The Quraish always considered the Muslims to be an inferior community. The offer of an agreement from the
Quraish was a sign that they were ready to consider Muslims to be an equal party.
3. The Holy Quran declared this treaty to be a manifest victory for the Muslims.
4. The free contact between Muslims and Makkans allowed the Makkans to learn about Islam. In this way many
Makkans were inspired to accept Islam.
5. This treaty had also shown that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) would always preferred peaceful talks to violent
battles in settling the differences with his enemy.
6. The Muslims had gained freedom to visit Makkah in the next year to perform Umrah.
7. It led to the conquest of Makkah as the Quraish broke this treaty to make the Muslims march towards
Makkah.

Q Write about the events related to the signing of the Treaty of Hudaybiyya and the main terms in
it. [10] OR Write about the events surrounding the Treaty of Hudaybiyya and the main terms in
it. [10]

Ans Refer to Book (entire topic of the treaty of Hudaibiya starting from the dream)

Q From this event, what can Muslims learn about the importance of keeping their word? [4]
 The Muslims should respect their words once promised. The Prophet kept his word to the Quraysh for the
duration of the treaty.
Promises are to be kept whether made verbally or in Though the treaty had not been converted into written
written form. form and was in a verbal agreement, he sent Abu
Jandal back to the Quraysh when he came to Madinah.
We should try our level best to continue on with our He gave the Quraish different options before this treaty
promises and should not break it abruptly. was dissolved.
Promises should not be broken on minor excuses. The treaty was never broken by the Muslims.

7TH YEAR OF HIJRAT

Main Events
A) Messages of Islam to Kings and Emperors
B) Khyber Expedition
C) Umra
Messages of Islam to Kings and Emperors
KING / RULER RESPONSE
Heraclius, the Roman He sent a polite reply but did not embrace Islam.
Emperor:
Chosroes, Emperor of He insulted the Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) messenger and tore his letter.
Persia:
Negus, Emperor of He embraced Islam and sent some presents for the Holy Prophet (PBUH).
Abyssinia:
Cyrus, Ruler of Egypt: He treated the messenger of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) with great honour. He
sent some presents (including Hazrat Maria R.A and a horse named Duldul)
for the Holy Prophet (PBUH). He did not accept Islam.
The Rulers of Bahrain Both of them embraced Islam
and Oman:

Khyber Expedition
Q. Explain why the Muslims marched into Khyber.

 Jews due to their hostile attitude had been exiled from Madinah and they had settled at Khyber. They were
continuously plotting against the Muslims so a decisive action had to be taken.
 When the Muslims signed the Treaty of Hudaibiya, the Jews took it as a sign of Muslim weakness as the treaty
was more favorable for the Quraish. They started preparing to attack the Muslims so the Muslims had to
defend themselves by attacking them first.
 The Jews were also carrying out propaganda against the Muslims to instigate the unhappy tribes to support
them against the Muslims.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) decided to crush the power of the Jews once and for all because the punishment of
being exiled from Madinah did not appear to deter them from doing activities against the Muslims.
Q. What was the importance of the Khyber Expedition?
 The Jews who had been plotting against the Muslims in Khyber after being exiled from Madinah were dealt
with by the Muslims as their power was crushed completely.
 The expedition also proved to be financially beneficial for the Muslims as the Jews had agreed to give half of
the produce of their land to the Muslims if they were granted permission to live in Khyber.
 Khyber expedition serves as a great example of bravery by Hazrat Ali (R.A) who fought fearlessly and
conquered the Jews’ fortresses through his bravery and determination.
 The Muslims were able to convey the message to their enemies that their power had not weakened after the
treaty of Hudaibiya as the Jews had imagined.

Q Give an account of the main events involved in Khyber Expedition.

Ans Refer to Book

8TH YEAR OF HIJRAT

A) Battle of Mutah
B) Conquest of Makkah
C) Battle of Hunain and Siege of Taif

Battle of Mutah
Q What were the main events involved in the battle of Mutah?
 Muta is located to the south of Jerusalem. At the beginning of the 8th year (Gregorian 629) Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh) sent a messenger with a letter of invitation to Islam to the governor of Busra, who was a
representative of the Byzantine Empire.
  While the messenger was passing through the lands of Shurahbil ibn Amr, the emir of Gassani, he was killed
by ibn Amr.
 Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) prepared an army of 3,000 and assigned Zayd ibn Haritha as its commander.
 He commanded that Ja'far ibn Abu Taleb be commander if Zayd was killed, Abdullah ibn Rawaha to be
commander if Ja'far was killed, and the Muslims would choose a commander among them if Rawaha was
martyred.
 Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) also ordered that they go to the place where the emissary had been killed and
invite the people there to Islam; if they accepted they were not to fight.
 He advised them not to kill the children, women, old people, or the people who took shelter in the
monasteries, as well as avoiding damaging the date fields cutting the trees and destroying buildings.
 The Islamic army reached Muta. There, they came across a large army whose number was said to have been
100,000 or 200,000, under the general command of Theodoros, the commander of the Byzantine armies.
 The army included Christian Arab tribes as well.
 The banner was taken by Ja'far ibn Abu Taleb when Zayd ibn Haritha was martyred at the beginning of the
war.
 As the battle got more intense, Ja'fer ibn Abu Taleb jumped off his charger and tied its forelegs together,
fighting until he lost his right hand. He then held the flag in his left hand, which was later cut off along with
his arm, but he still continued to hold it with his teeth. He fell down dead in the battlefield after being speared
in the chest.
 The banner was now held aloft by Abdullah ibn Rawaha. He too fought bravely until he was killed.
 Now the Muslim troops rallied around Khalid ibn al-Walid, who took the banner in his hand after Abdullah ibn
Rawaha was martyred.
 According to some accounts, while the Muslims were fighting the enemy at Muta, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
was giving a description of the conflict in Medina.
 When the command was given to Khalid ibn al-Walid on the front, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said: "Finally
one of Allah's swords (meaning Khalid ibn al-Walid) has taken the banner and will hold it until Allah grants
them success."
 Khalid ibn al-Walid, wanting to give the impression that reinforcements had arrived from Medina, took soldiers
from the right flank to the left flank and soldiers from the left flank to the right flank, soldiers from the rear to
the front ranks and the soldiers from the front flanks to the rear. He succeeded in bringing the Islamic army to
Medina, inflicting some damages on the enemy from time to time and gaining some loot.
 Fifteen Muslims were martyred at Muta.
 The warriors of Islam fought the enemy army with determination in Muta, even though it was much greater.
Khalid ibn al-Walid, who accepted Islam when Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) went to Mecca for umratu al-kaza
(circumambulating the Kaaba outside the times of pilgrimage) and who first participated in a war with the
Muslims and commanded the army, was praised by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) for his success in the battle
and was given the title of "Allah's sword" (Sayfullah).

Conquest of Makkah
Qs. Explain why the Muslims marched toward Makkah in 8th A.H.
 The Quraish had chosen the third alternative that suggested the breakup of the Treaty of Hudaibiya when
they were given options over the dispute between the Banu Baqr and Banu Khuza tribe.
 The power of the Quraish had already become very weak whereas the power of the Muslims had grown
immensely after the treaty. The Prophet (PBUH) decided that it was time for them to return to their native
city.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) also had the desire to free the House of Allah from the impure idols that were
nothing but the signs of falsehood.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was a man of wisdom and foresight. He knew that the Muslims had become so
powerful that they would be able to gain control over Makkah without any bloodshed as he did not want any
battle in the sacred city of Makkah.

Qs. What was the importance of the conquest of Makkah?

 By conquering Makkah, the Muslims were able to establish themselves as the most important force in Arabia
as the power of the Quraish was completely destroyed.
 The Muslims were able to come back to their native city from which they had been driven out by the Quraish.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) had purified Ka’bah by destroying all the idols which the Quraish had placed in and
outside the Ka’bah.
 Muslims emerged as the most important force in Arabia and many tribes offered either to accept Islam or
form alliance with Muslims.
 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) had established the greatest example of mercy and forgiveness by announcing a
general pardon for all the Makkans who had caused Muslims severe harm in the past years.
 The Conquest of Makkah serves as an example to suggest that goodness finally wins and falsehood gets
perished.

Q Describe the events of the Conquest of Makka. [10] OR With reference to the conduct of the
Muslims, describe the events of the Conquest of Makka. [10]

Ans Refer to Book

Q. Give an account of the events that led up to Muslims’ conquest of Makkah.
Ans. Dream Decision for UmrahMessages sentRumor spread Bait-e-RizwanTreaty of HudaibiyaDispute
between Banu Khuza and Banu Bakr tribe3 alternatives Treaty of Hudaibiya dissolvedConquest of
Makkah.

Q Why are the actions of the Prophet after the conquest important for Muslims to learn from? [4]
OR Can Muslims today learn from the Prophet’s treatment of his former enemies? Give reasons
for your answer. [4]

Importance of the concept of oneness of Allah on the Prophet’s destruction of the idols
which the entire system of Islam stands
Importance of forgiving people who have The general forgiveness he showed to his enemies
wronged/hurt you, even if their actions were awful,
just as the, as it is better to forgive than hold
animosity in your heart.

We must forgive people open heartedly and our Prophet forgave the people like Wahshi and Hind
actions should not be demeaning to the forgiven who were involved in the brutal martyrdom of
people. Hazrat Hamza
Instead of holding any grudge, we should forgive Prophet pbuh forgave Abu Sufyan
the people who once did us wrong but changed
later.

Battle of Hunnain
Q. What was the importance of the battle of Hunain?
 In this battle the Muslims first experienced defeat and then finally gained victory when Allah poured down
calm in their hearts. They learned a lesson that pride and arrogance was not going to avail them anything as
they had felt over confident due to having a large and strong army.
 The Holy Quran contains several references about the day of Hunain making it to be an important incident in
the life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH).
 It was a very beneficial battle as the Muslims gained huge sum of booty in form of 6,000 prisoners, 24,000
camels and 40,000 goats.
 The enemies which fled from the battlefield of Hunain had finally sought refuge in Taif. Thus the Muslims
decided to attack Taif. In this way the battle of Hunain led to the conquest of Taif.

Q Give an account of the main events involved in the Battle of Hunain.

Ans Refer to Book

Q. What was the importance of the battle of Hunain?

 In this battle the Muslims first experienced defeat and then finally gained victory when Allah poured down
calm in their hearts. They learned a lesson that pride and arrogance was not going to avail them anything as
they had felt over confident due to having a large and strong army.
 The Holy Quran contains several references about the day of Hunain making it to be an important incident in
the life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH).
 It was a very beneficial battle as the Muslims gained huge sum of booty in form of 6,000 prisoners, 24,000
camels and 40,000 goats.
 The enemies which fled from the battlefield of Hunain had finally sought refuge in Taif. Thus the Muslims
decided to attack Taif. In this way the battle of Hunain led to the conquest of Taif.

9TH YEAR OF HIJRAT

Tabuk Expedition

Qs. Explain the importance of the Tabuk Expedition.

1. This was the last expedition in which the Holy Prophet (PBUH) himself participated.
2. This expedition was carried out in the most difficult times and the companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) had
contributed generously towards this to set extraordinary examples of sacrifice and magnanimity.
3. The fact that the Romans chose not to fight against the Muslims shows that the Muslims had emerged as the
most powerful force in the region.
4. This was a test for all the believers and the ones who were hypocrites had failed this test and were easily
identified.
Q Give an account of the events involved in Tabuk Expedition.
Ans Refer to Book

Q The Battle of Tabuk became a mission of peace instead of war. What can Muslims learn from this?
[4]
  The Prophet (pbuh) had set off to fight the Byzantines. They did not show, and so there was no war. The
Prophet (pbuh) made treaties with people along the border.
 Some lessons Muslims can learn could be:
 Muslims should favour peace over fighting
 Muslims should fight in defence just as the Prophet (pbuh) did, preferring to make peace with those in
neighbouring regions
 Showing unity could help remove the need to fight.

10TH YEAR OF HIJRAT

Qs. Explain the importance of the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (PBUH).
 It was the last pilgrimage that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) had performed and it was the last time that the
Holy Prophet (PBUH) had addressed a large gathering of the Muslims.
 It was in this sermon that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) provided a comprehensive summary of all the Islamic
teachings by emphasizing upon the duties man owes to Allah and to the fellow beings.
 It was in this speech that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) had indirectly informed the believers that the end of his life
was nearing.
 It was during the delivery of this sermon that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) received a revelation which marked the
completion of the revelation of the Quran and of Islam.
 The last sermon of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is considered to be the first ever Charter of Human Rights in the
history of mankind due to an extraordinary emphasis on human rights.
 It was through this sermon that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) gave the order of “Dawa” (inviting people to Islam)
to all the Muslims by saying that the one who were present should tell others what they have heard from the
Holy Prophet (PBUH).

Q Explain how any two teachings given in the Prophet’s Farewell Sermon can help Muslim
communities today. [4] OR Which of the Prophet’s teachings from his final sermon do you think is
the most important for Muslims today? Give reasons for your answer. [4] OR The Farewell
Sermon given by the Prophet contains teachings for Muslims of all times. Explain how two of
these teachings can be applied today. [4]

Teachings from Last sermon How to apply in today’s context

Observance of five pillars (Shahadat, slat, In their personal lives, Muslims need to carry out these
fast, zakat, haj) duties towards Allah to maintain a vital link with their Lord.
Equality of humankind Discrimination on the basis of nationality, race, gender can
be avoided
Superiority is only on the basis of Working towards achieving righteousness through good
righteousness. deeds
Sanctity of human life, property and Passing laws in societies protecting the lives, property and
honour honour of all citizens regardless of their sectarian, religious,
racial beliefs
Responsibility of actions Doing good to receive a good rewqrd and avoidance of evil
in general
Muslims to be treated like brothers. Standing for the rights of fellow Muslims regardless of their
location such as the ones in Kashmir, Syria and Palestine
Protection to the non Muslims Passing legislations in the country to ensure equal
citizenship rights in modern world.
Treatment of the depressed groups of Treating servants kindly.
people like slaves, women Treating women with equality and kindness
Worshipping Allah alone. Avoiding visible and invisible forms of shirk
Prohibition of Riba Trying to make afanacial structure free of riba
Introducing riba free banking system
Instruction to preach the message of Islam Making effort to preach Islam in our surroundings
Making organizations that do this job on international level
Using all forms of media to spread the message of Quran

Last Year of the Prophet’s pbuh Life

Q Describe the events of the final year of the Prophet’s life. [10] OR The Prophet died in 632. Write
about the events of the final year of his life. [10] Write about the events of the final year of the
Prophet’s life. [10]

 The Prophet received many delegations in the final year of his life.
 In 631/10AH, the Prophet performed his final pilgrimage;
 At ‘Arafah he addressed the people gathered there; this is considered his farewell speech, in which he
indicated he may not be there the following year.
  He also gave instructions for unlawful shedding of blood; usury was forbidden; the obligation towards looking
after wives was emphasised as well as the kind treatment of women; sticking faithfully to the pillars of Islam
was emphasised; equality of humankind was emphasised saying no Arab has superiority over a non-Arab and
vice versa; brotherhood was established.
 He told them the Qur’an and sunna were left for them and reminded them they would have to answer for
their deeds; then the verses 5.3 were revealed (today your religion has been perfected).
 The Prophet completed his pilgrimage and returned to Madina.
 He increased his seclusion.
 Jibril reviewed the Qur’an twice with him.
 His illness began 13 days before his death; he moved into A’isha’s apartment for the last week.
 He continued leading the prayers and would give the congregation advice.
 He called for Fatima, Hassan and Hussain and his wives.
 Abu Bakr led prayers in the last days; the Prophet passed away on 12th Rabi al-Awwal, 11AH. Shi’a
candidates may say that on the way back from Makka the Prophet chose ‘Ali as his successor.
 Mention the grief of the Companions and the speech that Abu Bakr gave them to remind them about
worshipping God.

MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS
Q Trace out the main outline of the relations between the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Jews in
Madinah.
 Upon migration, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) signed the Charter of Madinah with all three tribes of Jews namely,
Banu Nazir, Banu Quraiza and Banu Qainuqa. The Jews instead organized a campaign of slander against Islam
and its followers.
 The Jews tried to create disruption between the two main tribes of Madinah namely, Aus and Khazraj.
 To the displeasure of Muslims, the Jews started communications with the Quraish of Makkah.
 At Badr, they did not help Muslims. Instead,Ka’ab Bin Ashraf, the leader of a Jewish tribe propogated against
Muslims and maintained secret communication with Abu Sufiyan. He even tried to kill the Holy Prophet
(PBUH). Ka’ab was executed for his activities against Madinah and the Muslims.
 Banu Qainuqa were the first to break the treaty and fought with the Muslims during the periods between the
battles of Badr and Uhad. They were expelled from Madinah by the Muslims.
 In the fourth year, Banu Nazir tribe of Jews plotted to murder the Holy Prophet (PBUH) at the instigation of
Quraish. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) sent them a message to leave Madinah within 10 days. Instead, they shut
themselves in their fortresses. After a siege of two weeks, they surrendered to Muslims and were exiled from
Madinah.
 The third tribe of Banu Quraiza openly joined the Quraish in the Battle of Ditch. After the battle, they were
told to leave the city. But on their refusal, the Prophet (PBUH) besieged their settlements. At last, they also
surrendered and were exiled from Madinah.
 Most Jews expelled from Madinah took shleter at Khyber, near the border of Syria.
They kept conspiring against Muslims with the help of local Bedouin tribes.
In 7 A.H, the seven Jewish fortresses at Khyber were besieged and captured by the Muslims.
The Jews were allowed to remain there by contributing a share of their produce to the Muslim government.

Qs. Explain why there was a change in the relationship between the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the
Jews.
1. When the Holy Prophet (PBUH) migrated to Madinah, he sought to develop friendly relations with the Jews. For
this purpose, he signed a treaty of peace and friendship with them.
2. As Islam grew, the position of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) grew stronger and so the Jews became apprehensive
of his growing power and considered it a threat to their own dominant position in the area.
3. In the second year of hijrat, the Jews began to organize constant intrigues with the hypocrites and the Quraish
of Makkah.
4. They sent deputations to the Quraish and the Arab tribes to attack Madinah and even offered them financial
help.
5. They also started a slander campaign against the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Muslims. They even tried to
murder him.
6. The Jews also regarded it as an insult when the Muslims changed their Qibla from Jerusalem to Makkah.
7. Such violation of the treaty compelled the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to take practical action against the Jews.
8. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) thus decided that the Jews should not be allowed to remain in Madinah and they
were expelled from the city.

Qs. Give an account of the arrangements made by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to settle the Muslims in
Madinah.
Ans. The arrangements made by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) were
i. Construction of the Mosque.
ii. Mawakhat
 iii. Treaty with the Jews.

Qs. Give an account of how Muslims gained victory over the Quraish.
Ans. The Muslims gained victory over the Quraish by way of.
i. The Battle of Badr.
ii. The Battle of Uhad.
iii. The Battle of Trench.
iv. The Treaty of Hudaibiya.
v. The Conquest of Makkah.
(The student should talk about why these incidents took place and how these incidents increased the power of
the Muslims and decreased the power of the Quraish.)

Qs. Give an account of the relationship between the Muslims and the Quraish in the years between
622 – 632 A.D.
i. 622 A.D – 623 A.D The relationship was very bad. The Quraish were continuously persecuting the
Muslims.
ii. 624 A.D Muslims finally escaped from Makkah. Islam started to grow in Madinah and the
Quraish became totally jealous.
iii. 625 A.D The relationship became worse due to a battle. (Badr)
iv. 626 A.D The Quraish were filled with hatred and wanted to take revenge of the Battle of Uhad.
v. 628 A.D  Another battle, the relationship became worse. (Trench)
vi. 629 A.D  Improvements in the relationships due to a treaty. (Hudaibiya)
vii. 631 A.D  The end of hostilities, Makkah was conquered.

Qs. Give an account of the main features of the Islamic state established by Hazrat
Muhammad (PBUH) in Madinah.
i. It was established on the main principles of brotherhood.
ii. It was based on the concept of equality in which everyone was equal whether he was a leader or a
common man. Everyone had equal share in the affairs of the state.
iii. It guaranteed freedom of religion to the non-Muslims and also promised them complete protection,
e.g: treaty with the jews.
iv. This was a state which had fairness and justice in its foundation. (Narrate the incident of a woman
called Fatima who was accused of theft.)
v. An Islamic state has the responsibility of spreading Islam in the other areas (sent messages to
different rulers of the world).
vi. The Islamic state which he established in Madinah would not make any offensive attack on other
states. The battles between the Quraish and the Muslims always took place because of the Quraish.
The Muslims only defended themselves.
vii. The Islamic state at Madinah was ready to resolve its differences through peaceful talks even if the
agreements were more favorable for the other states.
Qs. Give an account of the rules of jihad as set by the Holy Prophet (PBUH).
i. Fight against those who fight with you. You should not to be the first one to start the fight.
ii. Not to destroy the property.
iii. Not to destroy the crop and vegetation.
iv. Not to attack the unarmed.
v. Not to attack the weak, women, children and old people.
vi. Not to fight for worldly gains.
vii. Not to fight for personal revenge.
viii. Be merciful with the prisoners of war.
ix. Not to go for unnecessary bloodshed such as mutilating the corpses.
x. Not to fight using deceptive techniques.
xi. Consult the entire community for jihad in order to make strategies.
xii. Always trusting in Allah and not to be proud of over strength and not to become hopeless due to
being weak.

Qs Write about the way in which the Prophet interacted with non-Muslims after his move to
Madina. [10]

Ans Combine the points given in answer keys of the following questions to compose your answer.

Write about the Prophet Muhammad’s interaction with non-Muslims in Madina. [10] (given in the
topic of Treaty with the Jews) OR By referring to the Treaty of Madina, describe the relationship
between the Muslims and the non-Muslims when the Prophet (pbuh) first arrived. [10] (given in
the topic of Treaty with the Jews)

Trace out the main outline of the relations between the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Jews in
Madinah.(given in the miscellaneous section)
 Q What can Muslim leaders today learn from the Prophet’s conduct in their relations with
other states? [4]

Prophet’s conduct in relations with other states Examples for today’s leaders
He fought defensive battles. Bard, Uhad,Trench. War should be the last resort. Muslim state should not
be on the offensive side. They should fight only to
defend themselves against aggression.
He tried to keep wars humane. No brutality shown in the War should be fought with the enemies. No damage
battlefield. No damage to property, crops, trees etc at should be done to the natural resources. Women,
the time of Conquest of Makkah. children and old people should not be harmed.
He treated the prisoners of war mercifully. Instead of Prisoners of war should be treated with dignity and
making them slaves, he gave them the opportunity to fairness. They should not be kept in jails interminably
buy their freedom through ransom or through providing like the customs today. Many prisoners of war are
services to the Muslims for a prescribed period. living in enemy country’s jail like Indian soldiers in
Pakistani jail or vice versa.
He signed the treaty of Hudaibiya while it appeared to be Leaders must make possible effort to maintain peace
more favourable to the Quraish than the Muslims. with the enemy countries through treaties.
He took actions against the people of Mutah because The representatives of the enemy country visiting the
they had broken the basic rule of foreign relations. They country should be treated with respect and be
killed an envoy of the Prophet pbuh while messengers provided with protection. They should not be harmed.
were considered immune to any harm even if they were Aggressive and offensive actions can be taken
coming from enemy countries. against any country that breaks the rules of foreign
relations like killing the ambassadors or attacking
embassies.
He sent letters to the rulers of different countries to Spreading the message of Islam in non Muslim
invite them to the path of Islam. territories by sending messages to the government is
the responsibility of an Islamic state.
He never broke the treaty. Treaty of Hudaibiya was The Islamic state is free to take action against an
broken by the Quraish offender if the enemy breaks the treaty signed with
them.

MODEL OF EXCELLENCE

Personality Traits
Honesty/ Truthfulness Patience and Tolerance/
Trustworthiness
Self Control or
Restrainst
Mercy/ Forgiveness Fulfillment of Promises Humility / Humbleness

Love for Justice/ Firmness/ determination/ Generosity

Fairness Steadfastness

Q Describe three qualities of the Prophet Muhammad that make him a model for humankind.
[10]

How can Muslims put one of these qualities into practice? [4]

Q The Prophet Muhammad is said to have been patient and trustworthy. Write about events
in his life that illustrate these qualities. [10]

Choose one of these qualities and explain why it was important for the Prophet to possess it.

Q The Prophet (pbuh) was generous and forgiving. Write about events from his life that
demonstrate these qualities in action. [10]

How easy is it for Muslims in the present day to follow the Prophet’s generosity? Give reasons for
your answer. [4]

Q Giving at least four examples from his life, write about the ways in which the Prophet
Muhammad showed generosity and humility. [10]

Giving examples, write about how Muslims can be generous with their neighbours. [4]
 Q The Prophet exercised a lot of self-restraint and patience when preaching Islam in Makka.
Write about at least three events from this period of time that show these virtues. [10]

Giving examples, say how in your opinion Muslims can show self-restraint and patience in their
everyday lives. [4]

Q Write about events from the Prophet’s life that show his qualities of generosity, honesty
and simplicity in action. [10]

Can Muslims adopt a life of simplicity like the Prophet in current times? Give reasons for your
answer. [4]

Q The Prophet was described as humble and just. Giving examples from his life, write about
events that describe these qualities. [10]

How can Muslims today apply the Prophet’s example of humility when dealing with either friends
or strangers? [4]

Q The Qur’an says the Prophet is of ‘great moral character’ (68.4). Identify events from his
life that show a range of his moral characteristics. [10]

Which of the Prophet’s characteristics you have written about in part (a) is the most important in
your opinion and why? [4]

Behavior towards Others

Children Women Wives Daughters Mothers
Father Relatives Neighbours Guests Widows
Poor and Needy Orphans Enemies Hypocrites Non
Muslims
Strangers Old people Friends Partners in
marraige

Q Give examples from what the Prophet did and said that show his attitude towards two of
the following: partners in marriage, friends, and enemies. [10]

From one of your choices, explain how Muslims today can follow the Prophet’s example. [4]

Q Describe two events from the life of the Prophet that illustrate the way he treated non-
Muslims. [10]

How can these examples help Muslims today in their relationships with non-Muslims? [4]p