Nomonde Mthethwa Fitting ISAT

1
Table of Content
Content Page
numbers.
Introduction 3
Body 3 -6
Conclusion 6
References 7
2
Introduction
A CNC machine is a computer-controlled machine tool that uses programmed
instructions to manufacture parts, prototypes, or production runs. It uses
numerical data to control the movement of the machine's axes, allowing for
precise and repetitive cutting, drilling or other operation. At our level we use
CNC Milling machine with ( 3-5 axes) and the lathe machine with ( 2-4 axes).
The past few weeks learning more about this machine, we were introduced
to codes to help with the programming for example the G-code, M-code and
etc. These codes mentioned above have to always be included to the
program for it to produce the component. It is essential to also know safety
as it can be very dangerous. It advantage if programmed correctly, it is fast,
precise and accurate, which means fast production.
Body
To operate this machine, you should be aware of the safety rules when using
a CNC machine:
1. Wear safety and proper Personal Protective Equipment.

2. Keep hands and fingers away from moving parts.
3. Read and understand the machine manual.
4. Maintain a safe work environment.
5. Know emergency procedures.
A proper machining sequence should be essential as it is important:
 Acquire the correct materials in the correct size and quantity, as

specified on the drawing.
 Decide how the workplace will be clamped, for example decide
whether you will use a three-jaw chuck or whether it will be clamped
between the centre’s of a universal dividing head.
 Set the machine to correct feed and speeds.
 Select the correct equipment and tools.
 Determine the machining process. This will depend on the workplace.
 When the job is done, isolation the machine from the electrical supply.
 Clean the work area and the machine.
The cutting speed in revolution per minute if the aluminium is used:
3
D=40 mm
S= 25 × 1000 = 25000 mm/min
25000 = 3.142× 40× N
N = 318, 310 r/min
Programming
O2002 ( Program name )
T0101; (Tool position)
G50 S3000 M08; ( Maximum speed setting and activated water coolant on )
G96 S800 M03; ( G96 Surface speed, spindle speed minimum and M03 turn
on spindle clockwise)
G00 Z2.0; ( Rapid movement to z-axis)
G00 X48.0; (Rapid movement to x-axis)
G00 X48.0 Z0.0;
G01 X-1.5 F1.0; ( Cutting movement in a straight line)
G00 Z2.0 X50.0; ( Safe position )
G71 U1.0 R1.5; ( G71 – Rough cut cycle, U – depth of roughing cut, R –
distance the tool after roughing cut)
G71 P1 Q8 U0.5 W 0.5 F1.0; ( P – starting block of profile, Q – ending block of

profile, U – extra material to be left on X – axis for finishing cycle, W – extra
material to be left Z – axis for finishing cycle, F – feed rate.)
N1 G42 G01 X18.0 Z1.0; ( Tool nose radius compensation right.)
N2 G01 X20.0 Z- 1.0;
N3 G01 X20.0 Z-10.0;
N4 G02 X30.0 Z-15.0 R5.0; ( G02 – clockwise radial movement and R5 –

indicate the size of radius.)
N5 G01 X36.0 Z-15.0;
N6 G01 X38.0 Z-16.0;
4
N8 G40 G01 X38.0 Z-38.0; ( G40 Tool nose radius compensation cancel)
G00 X48.0 Z2.0
M01;
T0202; (Tool change)
G50 S3000 M08;
G96 S1000 M03;
G00 X48.0 Z2.0;
G70 P1 Q8 F0.5; ( G70 – finishing roughing out cycle)
G00 X48.0 Z2.0;
M01;
T0303;
G50 S1200 M08; ( Maximum spindle speed)
G96 S600 M03; ( constant surface speed control)
G00 X48.0 Z2.0;
G00 X48.0 Z-38.0;
G01 X-1.0;
G00 X48.0 Z38.0;
M09 ( Turn coolant off )
M05 ( Turn spindle off )
M30 ( End of program)
Malfunction that occurred while doing the program
Errors Remedies
Error of alarm to U1 Use U0
instead of U0
Checking the chuck Checking the chuck
wear of X40 wear and apply
lubrication.
5
Loose chuck Tighten chuck
Forgot to add program Added the separation of
to separate the the material to the
material from the chuck program.
Conclusion
Furthermore, a CNC machine is a very complex machine and The CNC
machine has demonstrated exceptional performance and precision in
producing high-quality parts. Our analysis has shown that the machine's
advanced features, such as [insert features, e.g., 5-axis capability, high-
speed spindle], enable efficient and accurate machining. The CNC machine
has proven to be a valuable asset to our manufacturing operations, offering
improved efficiency, precision, and productivity. With ongoing maintenance
and optimization, we expect continued success in producing high-quality
parts.
6
References
1. www.wikipedia/cncmachines.co.za
2. Fitting and Turning Level 4 textbook
3. www.operamini.com
4. www.studyguidefittingandmachinery.com

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1

1. Wear safety and proper Personal Protective Equipment.

A proper machining sequence should be essential as it is important:

 Acquire the correct materials in the correct size and quantity, as

The cutting speed in revolution per minute if the aluminium is used:

S= 25 × 1000 = 25000 mm/min

25000 = 3.142× 40× N

N = 318, 310 r/min

O2002 ( Program name )

T0101; (Tool position)

G00 Z2.0; ( Rapid movement to z-axis)

G00 X48.0; (Rapid movement to x-axis)

G00 X48.0 Z0.0;

G01 X-1.5 F1.0; ( Cutting movement in a straight line)

G00 Z2.0 X50.0; ( Safe position )

G71 P1 Q8 U0.5 W 0.5 F1.0; ( P – starting block of profile, Q – ending block of

N1 G42 G01 X18.0 Z1.0; ( Tool nose radius compensation right.)

N2 G01 X20.0 Z- 1.0;

N3 G01 X20.0 Z-10.0;

N4 G02 X30.0 Z-15.0 R5.0; ( G02 – clockwise radial movement and R5 –

N5 G01 X36.0 Z-15.0;

N6 G01 X38.0 Z-16.0;

G00 X48.0 Z2.0

T0202; (Tool change)

G50 S3000 M08;

G96 S1000 M03;

G00 X48.0 Z2.0;

G70 P1 Q8 F0.5; ( G70 – finishing roughing out cycle)

G00 X48.0 Z2.0;

G50 S1200 M08; ( Maximum spindle speed)

G96 S600 M03; ( constant surface speed control)

G00 X48.0 Z2.0;

G00 X48.0 Z-38.0;

G00 X48.0 Z38.0;

M09 ( Turn coolant off )

M05 ( Turn spindle off )

M30 ( End of program)

Malfunction that occurred while doing the program

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